This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:CC weekly (id: cancer-weekly), Author: Zhang Yujiao (tenured professor of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), original title: "Exclusive | These five groups of people cannot be vaccinated! Chinese scholars analyze the top ten problems of Pfizer vaccine, with the title from vision china.

Core summary

1. On the 10th local time, the US Food and Drug Administration（FDA）With 17 votes in favor, 4 votes against and 1 abstention, COVID-19 Vaccine Group decided thatThe benefits of using Pfizer /BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in adults aged 16 and over outweigh the known risks, and the COVID-19 Vaccine Team of FDA recommended that Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine be approved.This means that the last obstacle has been cleared before the COVID-19 vaccine goes on the market in the United States.

2. The vaccination effect of tumor patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy and patients undergoing bone marrow and organ transplantation needs to be studied. People who have been infected should also be vaccinated, but it is not recommended for pregnant women to be vaccinated. Patients with a history of severe allergies should also be carefully vaccinated.

3. At present, it can only be concluded that COVID-19 vaccine is valid for more than half a year.As for how long, we have to wait for the data to speak. According to the current state(Including the titer and maintenance of antibodies in early studies)It may be a year or so, I hope it will be longer.

4. The extent to which COVID-19 vaccine can reduce the chance of spreading virus after vaccination needs further study. Therefore,After vaccination, you need to wash your hands, wear a mask and be socially isolated.

On December 8th, the world’s first Pfizer COVID-19 mRNA vaccine was inoculated in the UK after the third phase clinical study confirmed its effectiveness. The 90-year-old lady told the media at the vaccination site with a strong British accent: "This is the best thing that has happened to me, both effective and free!" . The second vaccinator is an 80-year-old man. His name is William Shakespeare, and he has the same name as the great British writer.

On the same day, after three weeks of investigation, FDA issued a review statement: Pfizer vaccine has no safety concerns, and the effective rate can reach 52% after the first vaccination, and the effective rate will rise to 95% after the second vaccination, and the vaccine can significantly reduce the number of critically ill patients. FDA(US Food and Drug Administration)Decided to submit it to the expert Committee on vaccine efficiency and safety outside the FDA for public hearing, and the whole hearing will be broadcast live on national television.

By 30 FDA independent committees on vaccine efficiency and safety(composed of vaccine experts, doctors and representatives of the public)The hearing will be held from 9: 00 am to 5: 45 pm on December 10, US Eastern Time and December 11, Beijing Time.(Tubing, live broadcast by Twitter). Members of the Committee reviewed tens of thousands of pages of information in advance. After a heated debate, 17 votes in favor and 4 votes against the emergency use of Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccine for adults over 16 years old.

At the hearing, Pfizer released detailed data for the first time. People over 16 years old, including those over 55 years old, have chronic diseases.(including heart and lung disease, cancer history)Those who have a history of HIV, HBV infection but have been controlled are all enrolled in the third phase of the study.

About side effectsMild to moderate discomfort at the inoculation site is very common. Moderate systemic reaction is about 18%, and serious side effects are less than 5%. The research is still going on, and the FDA requires Pfizer to submit updated information to the FDA in January until two years later.

About efficiency95% of the total protection efficiency occurred 7 days after the second inoculation. The protection efficiency of people of all ages and races is above 93%. It has a good protective effect on the history of basic diseases, including cancer.

At the hearing, the safety hazards such as patients with obvious immune deficiency, patients with severe allergic reactions, pregnant women and children were discussed. At the same time, the possibility of transforming mRNA into DNA and reducing the possibility of human-to-human transmission are discussed, and suggestions for future research are put forward, including further research on asymptomatic infected people.

The most controversial issue is whether teenagers aged 16 and 17 can be vaccinated, because there are only more than 100 people in this group in the study.. Some members are opposed to vaccinating teenagers aged 16-17, which is the main reason for voting against it. However, the FDA insists that because many 16-and 17-year-old children in the United States have started working in supermarkets, it is more dangerous.

On December 17th, another mRNA vaccine(Moderna Modena)An FDA hearing will also be held and approval is expected.

After nearly a year of long suffering, people finally saw the dawn. The British media said that "we are vaccinated with hope". However, in the face of more than 1.5 million lives lost around the world, we can’t help but sigh "too late". However, it is worrying that more than 37% of the American people are not willing to be vaccinated at present. They questioned"So soon? Is it safe? ！”

Take the United States as an example. Up to now, more than 15 million people in the United States have been infected with COVID-19, and nearly 300,000 people have lost their lives. The second wave of epidemic has just broken out in autumn and winter. Recently, there are 200,000 new cases and more than 2,500 deaths in the United States, far exceeding the first wave in July this year! At this exponential growth rate, if there is no vaccine and effective social isolation, the probability of each American being infected in 2021 will exceed 50%! Each of us should ask ourselves, should we be vaccinated, infected naturally, or locked up at home?The answer is obvious, we have no choice!

At present, nearly one million people have been vaccinated with four vaccines in China. However, the side effects of Pfizer vaccine, such as severe allergy, and whether some immunocompromised people, such as children, cancer patients, organ transplants, pregnant women and AIDS, can be vaccinated, and who can be vaccinated, have also become consistent issues and choices faced by China and the United States. However, the problems encountered in the vaccination of Pfizer vaccine and Modana vaccine in the United States and the United Kingdom will also serve as a reference for the China vaccine that will be widely vaccinated in the future.

First, who will be vaccinated first? What is the final goal?

According to the discussion results of CDC on November 30th, the order of COVID-19 vaccination is as follows:

First batch(From 15 December): frontline medical staff(20 million)And the elderly in nursing homes(millions).

So far, Pfizer will provide 40 million doses of vaccine before the end of the year; Moderna will provide 20 million doses before the end of the year.

Second batch(From January next year)Social necessities, including police, postmen, firefighters, dieters, school teachers, cleaners, food processors, etc.(nearly 90 million). Old people over 65 years old(fifty million).

The third batch: ordinary people(From March next year)It is estimated that more than 100 million people.

The fourth batch: young people and children under the age of 16(From May next year): tens of millions.

MD Anderson medical staff were among the first to be vaccinated. The hospital has subdivided the first batch of personnel:

At present, the Texas government has announced the distribution number of the first batch of Pfizer vaccines in major hospitals. MD Anderson Hospital will receive nearly 5,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccine on the 14th.(two doses for one person), should be able to supply all the clinical medical staff of 1a with vaccination.(The hospital has nearly 1,000 full-time doctors, more than 20,000 full-time employees, and nearly 30,000 people for further study.).

Goal:Strive to reach 70% vaccination rate after June next year, and promote group immunization.(95% effective rate x70% vaccination rate =66.5% immunization rate). In other words, we should stick to wearing masks and social isolation until the end of June next year.(Biden asked people to hold on at least until the end of April). Clear goals, but a long way to go! What should developing countries do if developed countries plan like this?

Figure/COVID-19 vaccine samples developed by Pfizer and BioNTech.

Second, should cancer and other patients with immunodeficiency, or people with severe allergies be vaccinated?

Should cancer and other patients with immunodeficiency, or people with severe allergies be vaccinated? At present, in the third phase of clinical research, tumor patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or patients with bone marrow and organ transplantation, HIV, etc., are not allowed to participate in the study because of potential immunosuppression. Therefore, the effect of these patients after vaccination is still a research problem. Related research is being prepared.Generally speaking, if radiotherapy and chemotherapy have stopped for more than one year, cancer patients can consider vaccination.

In addition, two cases of obvious allergic reactions occurred in the population vaccinated in the first week in Britain. Therefore,Experts warn patients with a history of severe allergies to be carefully vaccinated.

3. Should children and pregnant women be vaccinated?

In the current clinical study, neither pregnant women nor children under 12 years old were enrolled. Therefore,Vaccination for pregnant women is not recommended at present. As for teenagers and children(under 16 years old)No further data on safety and effectiveness will be available until May next year.

Fourth, should people who have been infected with COVID-19 be vaccinated?

For people who have been infected,Because the recently reported cases of secondary infection and natural immunity may only last for 3 to 6 months, and the immunity produced by natural infection is weak, they should be vaccinated.

5. How long can immunity last after vaccination?

Since most of the third phase of vaccine research began in July this year, the longest observation time is less than half a year. Therefore, we can only conclude that the validity period is more than half a year at present. As for how long, we have to wait for the data to speak. According to the current state(Including the titer and maintenance of antibodies in early studies)It may be a year or so, I hope it will be longer.

6. After vaccination, will it spread the virus to others? Do you still need to wash your hands, wear a mask and be socially isolated?

At present, the effective rate of mRNA vaccine is 95%, which means that the difference between the number of patients with symptoms accounts for the percentage of the number of patients with symptoms in the control group compared with the random control group that did not receive the vaccine. This is a standard algorithm widely accepted by epidemiology, and it is also a standard index of vaccine listing in the international community, not an invention of a manufacturer. Both Pfizer and Mardner’s vaccine trials rely on patients’ self-reports, and subsequent confirmation tests will only be conducted if there are related symptoms. Therefore, this calculation does not include asymptomatic patients; Secondly, the difference between the two groups in transmission to others has not been detected yet.

Can the vaccine reduce the chance of transmission to others? Scientifically, it should be, but the degree needs further study. Therefore,After the vaccination, it is not necessary to wash your hands, wear masks and be socially isolated. Let’s stick to it for a while and wait for further data.Moreover, the vaccine is not 100% effective, in case you belong to the 5% ineffective population!

Figure/Relevant data of Pfizer vaccine

7. How many times should I be vaccinated? What are the side effects?

Current vaccines all requireInoculate twice. If you only plant it once, the effect will be greatly reduced. Moreover, there must be an interval of three weeks between two times.(Pfizer)Or around.(Mardner). At the same time, the vaccine from the same manufacturer must be vaccinated, even though they are all mRNA vaccines.

As for the side effects, it is a three-point poison. It is an ideal to cure all diseases without side effects; More accurately, it is a fantasy; Be strict, it’s nonsense!

This year, according to the recommendation of CDC in the United States, I have been vaccinated against influenza.(once a year, inactivated vaccine)And herpes zoster vaccine.(Protein vaccine, over 50 years old, administered twice). COVID-19 vaccine is expected to be vaccinated in late December. I don’t have much discomfort after getting the flu vaccine. However, every time I have been vaccinated with herpes zoster vaccine, I have intermittent fever for more than 24 hours, and sometimes fever also causes my whole body to tremble, and my arm is red, swollen and painful for nearly a week. However, I know that these are normal phenomena and belong to mild and moderate side effects.

Based on the available data, most of the side effects of COVID-19 vaccine last for 1-2 days. Common injection site pain, erythema/redness, or fatigue.（Moderna）9.7%, Pfizer（Pfizer）3.8%, fever, chills, muscle aches（ Moderna）8.9%, joint pain（Moderna） 5.2%, headache　（Moderna）4.5%, Pfizer（Pfizer） 2%。

Long-term side effects need to be followed up in the fourth phase after marketing.

Judging from the information released,MRNA vaccine appears severe(three degrees)The side effect was severe fatigue, accounting for 3.7%. Overall, it is very safe.Mild and moderate discomfort similar to a cold is very common and normal. Please be patient!

Figure/After the first vaccination, patients will get a card to remind them to get the second vaccination on time.

8. Will the new virus mutation affect the effectiveness of the vaccine?

The answer is possible. For example, the mutation rate of influenza virus gene is high, so a new vaccine against influenza in that year should be vaccinated every year. And AIDS has always been because the virus mutates too fast, so far there is no vaccine.

Fortunately, according to the current epidemiological survey, Nature Communications magazine published an article in November this year to study 46,000 cases of COVID-19 virus from different periods around the world, and found that the probability of COVID-19 mutation is relatively low because of its unique proofread inspection mechanism, which is undoubtedly the gospel of the vaccine. At the same time, the mRNA vaccine can be modified according to mutation and then reproduced, which is much easier to operate than the terminal protein vaccine. For example, the gun has been built, just need to modify the structure of the warhead.

9. Why should vaccine storage be at MINUS 70 degrees?

Pfizer vaccine needs to be stored in a freezer at MINUS 70 degrees Celsius for a long time, and it can only be stored in a refrigerator at 2 ~ 7 degrees Celsius for 5 days. Moderna vaccine can be stored for a long time in the freezer at MINUS 20 degrees, and can be stored in the refrigerator at 2 ~ 7 degrees for one month. The reason why RNA is sensitive to temperature is that it is easy to degrade with the increase of temperature. Moderna vaccine is relatively thermotolerant, which may be related to the composition and structure of its lipid carrier. This partly explains that the side effects of Moderna vaccine seem to be a little high.

AstraZeneca’s vaccine is an adenovirus strain, which requires lower temperature and can be stored for half a year at 2 ~ 7 degrees. And is suitable for developing countries.(Note: Freund’s temperature F is used in American charts). However, the comprehensive effective rate of AZ vaccine is about 70%. Subgroup analysis showed that the effective rate of the first low dose group was 90%. However, because this group of people is young.(under 50 years old)And it is not designed in advance. Therefore, it is recognized by the industry as 70% efficient.

Photo/Pfizer is building a "frozen farm" the size of a football field to store vaccines in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Pfizer’s vaccine must be stored below the ultra-low temperature of 70 degrees.

X. Why do Britain and America prefer mRNA vaccine?

On December 2nd, Britain took the lead in approving Pfizer’s vaccine and started vaccination on the 8th. Today, the vaccine has also been approved in the United States, and it is expected to start nationwide vaccination on the 15th. On the 17th of next week, the FDA of the United States is very likely to approve the mRNA vaccine of Moderna, and it is possible to start vaccination on the 22nd. Apart from the fact that these two viruses first completed the phase III clinical randomized study, what factors made the world look at the mRNA vaccine with new eyes?

Thirty years ago, I transferred from tumor immunology research to a brand-new field of tumor gene therapy. At the MD Anderson Cancer Center in the United States, my colleagues and I spent seven years constructing a retrovirus, adenovirus and nanoliposome-mediated anti-cancer gene transformation mode and animal tumor model, which not only contributed to the first patient’s cancer gene therapy in human history, but also made a Nasdaq-listed company. I have published more than a dozen papers myself, won two patents for gene therapy, and obtained a doctorate in tumor biology within four years. After that, I decided to return to the clinical front line and started five years of standardized training for clinical oncology residents.

Retroviruses have the longest gene transformation rate and maintenance time, but unfortunately they will be integrated into the DNA of human hosts. Some scholars are worried about the possibility of cancer. At present, this gene transformation method has been rarely used in cancer treatment.

Adenovirus will not be integrated into human DNA, but it is toxic to cells and will cause immunity to adenovirus vectors. This may explain the side effects of AstraZeneca COVID-19 adenovirus vector vaccine and the change of the initial dose to the effective rate.The high dose of the first vaccination may stimulate a stronger immune response against adenovirus vector, which may affect the results of the second vaccination. Therefore, it is better to use a low dose for the first time).

However, nanotechnology liposome itself has little influence on the immune system, and the general mRNA will not be reverse transcribed and integrated into human DNA, but it will express the protein to be transmitted in human cells for a short time.(For example, COVID-19 spinous protein activates the immune response and then gradually subsides), the best security. However, I used DNA plasmid at that time; Because DNA is much more stable. At that time, everyone knew that RNA extraction and preservation were very difficult, and there was no precedent for successful transformation of mRNA gene.

Gene transfer with COVID-19 spinous protein mRNA as the main body mediated by lipid carrier can avoid errors and potential side effects in the process of DNA transcription, so that spinous protein can be efficiently expressed in human cells in a short time, and the immune response of the body can be activated, which can produce specific antiviral antibodies and immune killer cells more effectively than natural infection. Although the gene expression is short-lived, activated B cells and T cells have their own memories, which can destroy or inhibit the virus for a long time. At the same time, this mRNA will not reverse transcribe into DNA, and will not be integrated into the host DNA, which is safe and reliable.

For decades, the method of mRNA gene transfer has been a dream of scientists. Katalin Kariko, the founding partner of Moderna, the inventor of mRNA technology and a Hungarian-born American scientist, has been on the bench for 40 years, and was originally prepared to set up Moderna to engage in mRNA cancer vaccine. As a result, a Cheng Yaojin COVID-19 was killed halfway.

When scientists in China announced the gene sequence of COVID-19 on January 10th this year.(including spinous process protein)Later, the researchers in the United States and Germany changed hands, but they were unwilling to plant flowers and flowers. Fortunately, this spinous protein was finally proved to be a good immunogen of COVID-19, and COVID-19 mRNA vaccine appeared on the scene. This is an important breakthrough in human science and technology, and it is also the result of the joint efforts of scientists from all over the world.

In contrast, inactivating virus vaccine is a mature method, and this traditional method is adopted in the annual influenza vaccine. Its research and development success rate is high, so it is widely used. However, it is difficult to control the temperature during inactivation, which brings some difficulties to quality control. Therefore, the production capacity is limited. At the same time, the added chemicals will also bring some side effects.

Generally, the effective rate of inactivated influenza vaccine is between 50% and 70%. At present, the early toxicity and antibody positive rate of domestic COVID-19 vaccine with inactivated vaccine as the main body and adenovirus vector have been reported. Volunteers can tolerate mild and moderate side effects, and the antibodies are positive after injection. However, positive antibody does not guarantee that it has sufficient protection. The effective rate must be obtained in the three-phase randomized study with control group. Because the epidemic situation in China is well controlled, the corresponding research must be carried out in other countries with high incidence.

Up to now, the epidemiological efficiency of the strict phase III clinical randomized study of vaccines in China has not been reported, and the world is eagerly awaiting it. I believe the final conclusion will be heard in the near future.The advantages of inactivated vaccine and adenovirus vector vaccine are that they are less affected by temperature, easy to store and transport, and more suitable for developing countries.

Due to the potential advantages of technological innovation and high antigen purification and expression, such as improving vaccine efficiency and productivity and reducing side effects, when the effective rate of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine reached 95%, the industry unanimously hailed this major breakthrough. More importantly, there are almost no seriously ill patients among the vaccinators.

Many people think that this is the arrival of God’s grace! Developed countries such as the United States and Britain have booked the products of these two companies in advance. China’s Fosun Company also signed a cooperation agreement with Pfizer and has completed the first phase of clinical trials. It is expected that the related Phase 2 will be launched in China soon.(Non-random)Clinical research to obtain the approval of China FDA.

Figure/A nurse and patient in California. In many parts of the United States, the pressure on the health system has been overwhelmed and is on the verge of collapse at any time.

Although American health insurance and the government will pay the cost of vaccination, another difficulty is that more than 37% people in the United States are not at ease with the vaccine and are not prepared to vaccinate immediately. In this regard, three former presidents of the United States, Bush, Clinton and Obama, said that they would vaccinate under the observation of the media at the first time as a platform for vaccine safety.

Because the vaccine is for normal people, it is not a "medicine", not to treat patients, but to prevent diseases. Meanwhile, for COVID-19 vaccine, the population to be vaccinated is billions of healthy people, including children.Therefore, its safety must be much stricter than that of "medicine".Therefore, if time is not pressing, all new vaccines should wait for a long time.(more than 2 years)The data will be finally approved. But in the face of a serious epidemic, this is irrational. The regulations that allow emergency use are designed for this situation.

At present, FDA requires that the last patient should be observed for at least 2 months after entering the Phase III clinical study to ensure that there are no serious acute side effects. Moreover, regulators must strictly control the use of these new vaccines from the beginning. The initial use of these vaccines is limited to those who need them most-doctors, nurses, other health care workers, and the elderly in nursing homes. Regulators also need to continue to closely monitor the side effects of vaccines already on the market.(so-called Phase IV Clinical Study). With the accumulation of data in the first two months of next year, the range of vaccinators will be further expanded.

The development of human society always strives for survival first, and then for improvement and perfection.

When the hopes of the whole world are pinned on the COVID-19 vaccine, the hardest work has just begun. We know that the best antiviral function of the vaccine will not be realized until two weeks after the second vaccination.In other words, for most people, December this year, January and February next year will be the darkest moments in the medical history of the United States since the Spanish influenza pandemic in World War I.

According to Dr. Fauci, director of the Institute of Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health, it is estimated that by March next year, about 500,000 people in the United States will die in COVID-19, surpassing the number of deaths in World War II in the United States.(about 400,000). Regrettably, some people in the United States still refuse to wear masks and social isolation. Up to now, 37% people are skeptical about vaccines, and the epidemic prevention work has a long way to go!

Controversy over vaccines(Inoculation or non-inoculation, domestic or imported)The reason and background are very complicated, and it will not stop for a while. As a scientist and a doctor, I care most about yourself! Vaccinate, not only for others, but also for yourself!

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:CC weekly (id: cancer-weekly), Author: Zhang Yujiao (tenured professor of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center)

　　The reference news network reported on October 30.On October 24th, the website of Tanzania’s Daily News published an article entitled "How the Belt and Road Initiative is Changing the African Economy" by George Montu. The article is compiled as follows:

　　This year marks the 10th anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative.

　　Through infrastructure investment and regional cooperation, the Belt and Road Initiative has enhanced the connectivity between China and the rest of the world.

　　It should be pointed out that although the Belt and Road Initiative was put forward by China, it belongs to the whole world and benefits all mankind. Empirical evidence shows that the Belt and Road Initiative has accelerated the economic development of African countries and promoted regional integration in Africa.

　　In the 10 years since the "Belt and Road Initiative" was put forward, the cumulative trade volume between China and Africa has exceeded 2 trillion US dollars. As direct flights have been opened between Nairobi and Changsha, a city in central China, Kenyan flowers can be sold to China businessmen in Changsha and its surrounding areas.

　　According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, China’s investment in Africa has grown steadily. In the first half of this year, China’s new direct investment in Africa reached US$ 1.82 billion, a year-on-year increase of 4.4%. At present, there are more than 3,000 China enterprises "deeply ploughing into Africa", and private enterprises account for more than 70% of China’s non-enterprises and they are the pillars of China’s investment in Africa.

　　Statistics from Tanzania Investment Center show that from 1997 to August 2023, thousands of China projects were registered in Tanzania, creating about 150,000 jobs.

　　The Belt and Road Initiative has contributed to poverty reduction in Africa. According to the World Bank’s forecast, by 2030, the "Belt and Road" international cooperation will lift 7.6 million people out of extreme poverty and 32 million people out of moderate poverty.

　　Since the beginning of this century, China has built more than 6,000 kilometers of railways, 6,000 kilometers of highways, nearly 20 ports and more than 80 large-scale power facilities in Africa.

　　In Tanzania, we see that China contractors are undertaking many flagship infrastructure projects, including the fifth and sixth sections of Tanzania Central Line Standard Gauge Railway, dodoma Msarato International Airport, Kigongo-Busisi Bridge and so on.

　　These strategic infrastructure projects will greatly facilitate the flow of goods and people in related fields, reduce energy consumption and telecommunications costs, and improve Tanzania’s investment environment. Despite the aforementioned benefits, some westerners claim that China is using the Belt and Road Initiative to exploit Africa. They fabricated concepts such as "debt trap diplomacy" and "opaque pricing" to tarnish the image of the "Belt and Road Initiative".

　　These accusations are groundless. Look at Africa’s infrastructure. The Belt and Road Initiative is helping Africa achieve transformation, and no African country has fallen into the so-called "debt trap". Over the years, African countries have failed to make progress due to backward infrastructure and the lack of willingness of traditional partners to help finance important infrastructure construction.

　　However, since China became an economic power, it has been actively involved in providing assistance to the strategic infrastructure construction for promoting economic growth in African countries.

　　Because of the effectiveness of the Belt and Road Initiative, Africa’s traditional development partners who have been exploiting for a long time find it difficult to compete with this initiative proposed by China, because it is based on long-term friendship and win-win cooperation.

　　Obviously, the Belt and Road Initiative provides a platform for African low-and middle-income economies to achieve remarkable growth in infrastructure construction, job creation and trade opportunities.

　　As Tanzanian President Samia Suluhu Hassan said during his meeting with the Supreme Leader of China president in Johannesburg in August this year, Tanzania and other developing countries have benefited a lot from the joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative.

　　We Africans know what we need and who our true friends are. The denigration of the Belt and Road Initiative by some Westerners will not affect our judgment on this grand strategy put forward by China but shared by all mankind. (Compile/sha li)

1905 movie network news Recently, Stephy, who plays Chen Ke in the play, has also been hotly discussed by netizens because of its popularity. In an interview recently, she also recalled all the things that she worked hard alone in Beijing. However, she did not use the word "drifting north", but chose the more kinetic "running north".

Stephy revealed that he had nosebleeds every day when he first came to Beijing, and once suspected that he had leukemia. It was also revealed that it was particularly like having a brand-name bag, but because it was not enough, I could only buy a fake bag. But in the end, through hard work, I bought the same real bag.

In response to the heated discussion about double eyelids, a response from Stephy of honest and frank was cut in Weibo before. She also admitted: "Double eyelids were cut when I was a freshman or a sophomore, that is, the technology was not as natural as it is now." Regarding the netizen’s suggestion to consider the adjustment of double eyelids, Stephy said: "If the makeup painting is good, it doesn’t need plastic surgery to assist, and makeup is particularly powerful. I just want to share my beauty products with you sometime. "

Our reporter Peng Yan

Recently, some banks have adjusted the transaction limit of non-counter channel payment. Many banks, such as Bank of Qingdao and bank of dalian, have successively issued announcements to reduce the total payment limit of some personal accounts through non-counter channels. Among them, Qingdao Bank adjusted the daily limit of some personal accounts to less than 5,000 yuan.

According to the reporter’s understanding, since last year, in order to ensure the financial security of customer accounts, a number of banks have successively adjusted the limits of some customers’ non-counter transactions. What is the specific limit and whether it is limited? Banks make different adjustments to different regions and different customers, depending on the actual use of personal accounts and relevant policies in the region.

According to the historical usage of customers’ bills, Qingdao Bank will take protective measures to reduce the total payment limit of some personal accounts in non-counter channels (including online banking, mobile banking, express payment, self-service teller machines’ ATM’ and consumer terminals’ ‘POS machines’). The so-called non-counter channel refers to the business that is not handled at the bank counter, including but not limited to the business handled through online banking, mobile banking, gateway payment, express payment, POS, ATM, etc.

The Securities Daily reporter called a branch of Qingdao Bank, and the bank’s counter staff said that reducing the total payment limit of some personal accounts in non-counter channels was mainly aimed at restricting transactions in personal bank accounts with no transactions for a long time and low account balance, and adjusting the daily limit to less than 5,000 yuan.

"The risk control for personal bank accounts is tightened mainly to reduce the risk of damage to users’ funds. Because many users have lost their bank cards or have not used them for a long time. " The counter staff of Qingdao Bank told reporters that if the user subsequently applies for raising the limit, the bank will set a reasonable off-counter payment limit after re-evaluation.

Wu Dan, a researcher at China Banking Research Institute, told the Securities Daily that this is an important way to prevent and control bank accounts. It is difficult to confirm the real trading intention of customers for large-value transactions in non-counter channels, and it is difficult for customers to recover once the transfer is successful, so it is necessary to improve the transaction monitoring measures. Identifying customers’ daily trading habits through technical means, conducting customer risk assessment in time, and imposing account restrictions on abnormal operations can effectively protect customers’ "money bags" and give them normal operations when the security signals are sufficient, which greatly improves the quality and efficiency of financial anti-fraud and anti-fraud work.

In recent years, banks have been strengthening the management of personal accounts, from clearing "sleep accounts" to "one-person excess accounts", and then upgrading to include bank cards with balances lower than those in 10 yuan into sleep accounts. In particular, since last year, a number of banks have launched the "broken card" action.

Xue Hongyan, vice president of Xingtu Financial Research Institute, told the Securities Daily that the bank’s adjustment of account limit is mainly based on the need to prevent telecommunication network fraud or anti-money laundering. It monitors the account payment and transfer in real time through the system model, and adjusts the trigger limit for abnormal accounts. In addition, some sleep accounts that have not been used for a long time may also be lowered by the bank and need to be reactivated at the counter.

Wu Dan said that it is equally important for banks to improve the convenience of customers’ transactions and ensure the safety of customers’ funds. It is necessary to continuously improve the ability of account risk prevention and control management, find high-risk account transactions in time and implement dynamic tracking to reduce the risks involved in related accounts.

Xue Hongyan said that banks should improve the recognition accuracy of the monitoring model; For the account that triggers the limit adjustment mechanism, more options should be given to remove the restrictions, especially allowing users to operate online, so as to reduce the time cost and transportation cost of counter application.

　　On February 22, Cheng Jiguang and his wife finally reunited with their son Cheng Xueping, who had been separated for more than 30 years. The family wept with joy. Image source: Huaxi Dushi Bao police for the picture

　　In early spring and February, in northern Sichuan, the atmosphere of the New Year has not yet dispersed, and rape blossoms have begun to spit yellow dew gold. On February 22nd, Qin Yujie, from Jize County, Handan City, Hebei Province, traveled thousands of miles with his wife and children and rushed back to his "home" in nanbu county, Sichuan Province.

　　At the age of 3, Qin Yujie was separated from his parents. In order to find him, my father traveled all over China with pickles on his back. In Handan, because he pronounced "shoes" as "children", he was called "Southern Baby" by the villagers. All along, he has been looking for his biological parents.

　　Finally, with the help of Sichuan police and Hebei police, the DNA comparison of father and son who have been separated for more than 30 years was successful. On February 22nd, the family finally reunited.

　　The hug that came 30 years late said "stop crying" but tears kept flowing.

　　On the 22nd, Qin Yujie finally returned to Chengjiawan Village, Xingsheng Township, nanbu county. One kilometer away, you can see the banner of "Welcome Baby Home", the sound of firecrackers, and the enthusiastic villagers came from Shili Baxiang to meet them. The whole mountain village is boiling, which is more lively and festive than New Year’s Eve.

　　After more than 30 years, the blood relationship has been cut off. On this day, Qin Yujie confirmed that his original name was Cheng Xueping. Parents and sons hugged each other tightly, crying with joy, constantly wiping tears for each other and comforting each other "stop crying".

　　Send the prepared banner and take a group photo with the police, volunteers, family members and neighbors … … Qin Yujie is very busy. In order to celebrate the return of wanderers and the reunion of their loved ones, the family has already prepared a reunion dinner, competing with each other to pick up food for each other. Although there are tears in their eyes, the smile at this time is so sweet.

　　Passion surges, tears mingle with joy, holding my son’s hand, touching and checking the marks left on his head when he was young, asking, talking, caring and attaching … … A pair of fiery eyes are wet, and I can’t wait to spit it out after decades … …

　　The youngest son disappeared in Guizhou, and his father searched half of China with pickles on his back.

　　It dates back to 30 years ago. Cheng Jiguang and Gao Lingzhen, who live in Chengjiawan Village, Xingsheng Township, nanbu county, Sichuan Province, are hardworking and simple, living an ordinary and happy life. In July 1985, their son was born and named Cheng Xueping. In order to raise it well, I also took a nickname "Wa Wazi". The birth of a son added a new hope to this small family.

　　Originally, Xiaoxueping was taken by her grandmother, but Cheng Jiguang and Gao Lingzhen were going to work in Guizhou, and they were reluctant to leave their son at home, so they took him to Guizhou. Who knows that after about 20 days in Guizhou, the child disappeared.

　　One day in July 1988, Cheng Xueping, who was only three years old, was playing on the construction site, but in the evening, when Cheng Jiguang and his wife were busy all day, they found that their son had disappeared and immediately looked around the construction site. At that time, Cheng Jiguang thought that his son might be playing nearby, and he might be able to find it later, but a few hours later, his son still disappeared. After that, Cheng Jiguang and his wife began to embark on a long road to find children.

　　In order to find their son, the couple not only spent their savings from working for many years, but also owed a lot of debts. Due to lack of money, Cheng Jiguang had to carry dry food and pickles, and searched all over the country for his missing son, and searched most of China. Later, Cheng Jiguang and his wife entered the DNA blood sample data into the national abduction DNA database.

　　Nanwaiwa in rural Hebei pronounced "shoes" as "children"

　　At an early age, Qin Yujie of a village in Jize County, Handan City, Hebei Province felt different from other children in the village. He always pronounces "shoes" in other people’s mouths as "children", so he is often laughed at, and others say that he is a baby from the south.

　　Gradually, Qin Yujie knew that he was not his father’s own, and that his father was just a foster uncle. The "foster uncle" was single when he adopted him, but later he got a wife and his own children, so he was ready to give him away.

　　Qin Yujie, who was ignorant and afraid, begged the "foster grandmother" not to give herself away again. The kind "foster grandmother" let the eldest son adopt Qin Yujie and become his adoptive father.

　　In the adoptive father’s home, Qin Yujie has never had a birthday for 30 years. He is bent on finding his biological parents and "home" and wants to know where he came to Hebei.

　　DNA screening breaks through the fog and finds the son who has been separated for 30 years.

　　God helps those who help themselves. In July 2018, nanbu county police received a notice from their superiors that the DNA blood samples of Cheng Jiguang and his wife were highly similar to those of a man named Qin Yujie in the blood bank. After learning the news, Wang Hao, the squadron leader in charge of abduction, immediately contacted Qin Yujie to learn about his basic situation. However, at that time, Qin Yujie was a DNA blood sample left when he was working in a foreign country, leaving no identity information and contact information, and had already left his place of work. This clue was interrupted. Nanbu county police did not give up, further strengthened investigation and contact, and finally found out Qin Yujie’s identity information.

　　In November 2018, in order to ensure accuracy, the abduction police contacted Cheng Jiguang and his wife for a second DNA blood sample collection while looking for Qin Yujie. At the beginning of this year, Sichuan police contacted the police in Jize County, Handan City, Hebei Province, and found Qin Yujie who was highly similar to the "target object" and collected DNA blood samples sent by Hebei police.

　　On February 15th this year, the DNA comparison finally got the result, and the physical evidence appraisal institute of Nanchong City Public Security Bureau issued an appraisal document. The appraisal result showed that Cheng Jiguang and Gao Lingzhen were Qin Yujie’s biological parents respectively.

　　On the same day, the policeman Wang Hao informed Cheng Jiguang and his wife of the results for the first time, and the couple immediately burst into tears of joy. Huaxi Dushi Bao-Cover News

　　Reporter Wu Liufeng

　　The picture is provided by the police

With regard to "the deposit of 13.4 billion yuan of Evergrande Property was pledged by relevant banks", the latest progress was made, and Evergrande Property put China Evergrande in the dock.

On November 28th, Evergrande Real Estate announced that about 13.4 billion yuan of deposit pledge of the Group (Evergrande Real Estate and its subsidiaries) was enforced by relevant banks, and jinbi property Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, had recourse against Shenzhen Qihang Metal Materials Co., Ltd., Guizhou Guangjuyuan Real Estate Development Co., Ltd., Evergrande Real Estate Group Guiyang Real Estate Co., Ltd., Evergrande Real Estate Group Co., Ltd. and China Evergrande Group (the responsible party) for about 2 billion yuan of deposit pledge guarantee enforced by banks in jinbi property.

According to the announcement, Evergrande Property requested the responsible party to repay more than 2 billion yuan, including the original amount of about 1.996 billion yuan and provisional interest of about 152 million yuan. On November 28th, Evergrande Property received a formal notice from the court to accept the case.

Evergrande Property stated in this announcement that according to the analysis of the board of directors and its legal counsel,The lawsuit will not have a significant adverse impact on its daily business operations, and the company will continue to make every effort to recover the relevant deposit pledge.Further announcements will be made in due course on any significant progress in the above litigation or any other actions taken.

The dispute between Evergrande Property and Evergrande was triggered by the huge pledge deposit disclosed in March 2022.

On March 22, 2022, Evergrande Property disclosed that during the audit of the 2021 financial report, the company found that about 13.4 billion yuan of deposits were pledged by third parties and were enforced by relevant banks.

The "13.4 billion yuan deposit pledge" incident has a great impact and a wide range of implications, and it is also one of the important factors that led to the suspension of the Evergrande Department for a long time. Therefore, Evergrande set up an independent investigation committee and appointed experts to investigate the pledge.

According to the independent investigation results of the previous "13.4 billion yuan deposit pledge" incident, during the period from December 28, 2020 to August 2, 2021, six subsidiaries of Evergrande Property (jinbi property, Jinbi Hengying, Jinbi Huafu, Evergrande Hengkang, Jinbi Shijia and Jinbi Hengkang) provided this pledge to a number of third-party companies (as the guaranteed parties) through eight domestic commercial banks in China.

The purpose of this pledge is to continue to use the special financing business to obtain funds for other operational and financial needs of the Group, including paying liabilities and/or payables due at different times in 2021.

It is reported that from September to December, 2021, due to the expiration of the pledge guarantee period, the conditions for the realization of the pledge right were triggered, and the total value of the deposit certificate pledge of the subsidiary company of Evergrande Property, which was enforced by the bank, was 13.4 billion yuan.

According to the previous announcement issued by Evergrande Property, the pledge is divided into three groups, the first group is 2 billion yuan, the second group is 2.7 billion yuan, and the third group is 8.7 billion yuan. What Evergrande Property recovered from China Evergrande this time was the first group of deposits.

The background and reason for the pledge is that in the middle to late December of 2020, based on the capital demand of Evergrande, the Group proposed to launch a special financing business. The specific scheme is to use the subsidiary company to pledge to provide guarantee for the third party to apply for financing from the bank, and the funds obtained from the third party financing will be invested in the Group to pay the liabilities and/or payables in February of 2021.

Further investigation shows that among the directors in the relevant period, Xu Jiayin, Xia Haijun and Pan Darong have access to and hold relevant documents, which may enable them to pay attention to the company’s capital situation. Xu Jiayin used to have documents that might draw his attention to potential financial problems, but he said that he did not review these documents because no one specifically reminded him of them. The consultant of the Independent Investigation Committee noticed that this was consistent with his previous statement that although he would receive many reports, he did not read them, because at the critical time, he was not in charge of the company’s finance and funds, but relied on the senior executives responsible for finance and funds to handle related matters.

The independent investigation also found that some documents related to the pledge guarantee arrangement were signed by Xu Jiayin, involving the cross-border transfer of funds from some domestic subsidiaries of the group to the company and the approval of the use of funds to redeem overseas bonds in advance. The internal approval document signed by Xu Jiayin did not clearly indicate that it was related to Evergrande Property, but only mentioned the internal funds of the Group.

The above funds come from the funds raised by the listing of Evergrande Property. According to the results of the supplementary independent investigation, after the proceeds from the initial public offering of Evergrande Property were remitted, because there was no special account for the proceeds at that time, the proceeds were confused with the self-owned funds of Evergrande Property, which were used for the daily operation of the company, resulting in the failure to find out in time that the relevant funds were used for the pledge guarantee arrangement.

Evergrande Property said that after learning of the pledge, it immediately carried out internal control review, personnel adjustment and other remedial measures, accepted the suggestion of the Independent Investigation Committee, implemented various remedial measures, and continued to carry out recovery work from third parties and Evergrande Group.

Many people in the industry believe that it is difficult for Evergrande Property to recover this sum because China Evergrande is in trouble.In August this year, Evergrande Property stated that it had not yet reached a repayment plan with China Evergrande. Meanwhile, the property management of Evergrande assessed the recoverability of this sum and made full provision for the 13.4 billion yuan receivable.

Compared with the other two listed companies of Evergrande, China Evergrande and Evergrande Automobile, Evergrande Property is one with relatively good fundamentals.

Evergrande mentioned in the newly disclosed resumption guidelines that the company has sufficient assets for business operation. In 2022, the total operating income was about 11.81 billion yuan, gross profit was about 2.72 billion yuan, and net profit was about 1.48 billion yuan.

According to the interim financial report for 2023 released by Evergrande Property, the revenue in the first half of the year was 6.145 billion yuan, an increase of 6.2% compared with 5.788 billion yuan in the same period of 2022, of which the revenue from non-related parties accounted for about 98.9%; The net profit was 790 million yuan and the net interest rate was about 12.9%.

During the reporting period, the contracted management area of Evergrande’s property was about 812 million square meters, and the managed area was about 509 million square meters. In the first half of the year, the contracted area was 15.14 million square meters, of which 93.3% came from third parties.

In terms of accounts receivable, the trade receivable of Evergrande Property during the reporting period was 3.244 billion yuan, an increase of 18.44% compared with 2.739 billion yuan on December 31, 2022; In addition, other receivables except trade receivables increased from about 460 million yuan on December 31, 2022 to about 544 million yuan in the reporting period.

In this regard, Evergrande Property also explained in the interim report that the increase in the company’s accounts receivable was mainly due to the increase in the total income of the group and business expansion, and the increase in the balance of deposits and advances on behalf of owners.

The mid-year report also pointed out that in 2023, the company seriously reflected on the nature of the property industry, no longer blindly pursued rapid scale expansion, bid farewell to extensive growth, and instead pursued high-quality, high-quality and profitable sustainable development.

(This article first appeared in Titanium Media APP, author | Wang Jian)

For more macro research on dry goods, please pay attention to WeChat official account, an international think tank of titanium media.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Shanghai, March 14th Topic: Perspective on the security risks behind the "online celebrity Project" cooking tea around the stove.

　　Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporters Dong Xue, Cheng Siqi, and Youzhi

　　Three or five friends sat around the fire to make tea, and the tea was fragrant; Paired with freshly baked sweet potatoes, oranges and chestnuts, the atmosphere is full. However, with the popularity of cooking tea around the stove, many people "try early" at home, causing safety problems such as carbon monoxide poisoning.

　　Fire experts suggest that it is not recommended to use charcoal fire to cook tea indoors. Insufficient combustion of charcoal will generate carbon monoxide, and excessive concentration will cause life-threatening. Even if it is fully burned, the oxygen content is declining, which is also harmful to health. In addition, it is necessary to guard against fire risks caused by open flames and high temperatures.

　　Closed indoor measurement: it only takes 15 seconds for the carbon monoxide detector to give an alarm.

　　A few days ago, a man in Shanghai reported to the police that two of his friends suddenly fell into a coma while eating. After the police arrived at the scene, they found that a charcoal stove for cooking tea was burning in the room, so they immediately took the charcoal stove to the rooftop and opened the window for ventilation. Fortunately, the three people were treated in time and were out of danger.

　　Recently, cooking tea around the stove has become a popular item for tea room leisure and family gathering. It is recommended to punch in, share equipment and ingredients, take photos and videos … … There are more than 750,000 notes about cooking tea around the stove in Xiaohongshu, and the popular videos about experiencing cooking tea around the stove in Tik Tok have attracted more than one million praises. According to the data of Tianyancha, nearly 30 enterprises in the name of cooking tea around the stove have been established in China recently, and related trademarks have been registered by many parties.

　　Cooking tea around the stove is a beautiful thing, but if it is done in a closed room, it will easily cause carbon monoxide poisoning. "Carbon monoxide is colorless and tasteless, and it is not easy to be detected. If the concentration exceeds 0.05%, it will cause harm to the human body." Chen Yuan, an engineer at the Fire Control Technology Division of the Fire Rescue Detachment in Huangpu District, said, "Mild carbon monoxide poisoning is characterized by severe headache, dizziness, weakness of limbs, nausea, vomiting, mild disturbance of consciousness and lethargy, and patients with coronary heart disease may have angina pectoris. If it is not treated in time, it will be life-threatening. "

　　The experiment of cooking tea around the fire in Huangpu District, Shanghai shows that in a closed room of about 60 square meters, only 15 seconds after the firemen lit the charcoal fire, the carbon monoxide detector gave an alarm. At 1 minute and 50 seconds, the concentration of carbon monoxide has exceeded 0.01%.

　　Firefighters are doing experiments to detect the concentration of carbon monoxide. Xinhua News Agency reporter Cheng Siqi photo

　　Improper operation of cooking tea around the stove has caused many accidents and casualties. During the Spring Festival this year, a mother and son in Yangzhong, Jiangsu Province, used a cast iron charcoal stove to cook tea at home. Because of the cold weather, they closed the doors and windows and died of poisoning. In January this year, a woman in Weifang, Shandong Province was cooking tea around the stove at home. After 3 hours, she felt a little unconscious and accompanied by vomiting. She went to the hospital for examination and found that it was moderate carbon monoxide poisoning.

　　Chen Yuan analyzed that compared with oxygen, carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin in blood faster and dissociates more slowly. Carbon monoxide takes up a lot of hemoglobin, which will make the human body lose the ability to carry and transport oxygen, thus leading to poisoning. In addition, carbon combustion will consume oxygen and accumulate carbon dioxide; When the indoor oxygen content is as low as 10%, it may be life-threatening.

　　Fire risk should not be underestimated.

　　Due to the problems of open fire, continuous high temperature, uneven quality of ovens and unskilled operation, fire experts also highlighted the fire risk behind cooking tea around the stove.

　　— — Produce open flames and high temperatures. "When it is lit, Mars splashes out, especially if you can’t fan the wind. The more fans there are, the more Mars there are. Fortunately, there is nothing easy to burn on the table, otherwise I am really worried about the fire. " Ms. Zhang, a citizen of Beijing, said.

　　Gao Yan, supervisor of the comprehensive guidance section of the fire rescue detachment in Putuo District, Shanghai, explained: "On the one hand, the charcoal burning time is too long and the temperature is too high. If you accidentally knock over the stove, it may cause combustible materials to burn. On the other hand, it takes a long time for the charcoal fire to burn out. If you forget to put it out after cooking tea around the stove, it may also cause a fire. "

　　— — The quality of the oven is uneven and the operation is unskilled. The reporter noticed that the tools for cooking tea around the stove are very simple: a charcoal fire oven made of cast iron or pottery, a mesh baking tray, a teapot and some charcoal. E-commerce, group buying and other platforms are sold, and the package price ranges from tens of yuan to one or two hundred yuan.

　　"It only burned twice, and the chassis burned a hole." In a photo taken by a buyer, the hole in the bottom of the cast iron charcoal oven is clearly visible. A number of interviewees said that the oven they bought was not insulated: "The temperature on the outer surface of the oven was very high, and the first operation was unskilled, which burned the table."

　　— — There is an overload of electricity. Some businesses began to use electricity instead of charcoal fire. In the Yijing Xiaoshe Tea Room in Putuo District, Shanghai, the electric oven used by merchants is similar in shape to a pottery oven. After being electrified, the resistance wire is red and hot, and the high temperature on the surface of the oven can be felt by touching it with your hands. "At first, we used charcoal to cook tea around the stove. Later, for safety reasons, we changed to electricity, and the customer’s acceptance was not bad." The person in charge of the store said.

　　There are tea rooms that use electricity instead of charcoal. In the picture, the appliance for cooking tea around the stove is an electric stove. Xinhua News Agency reporter Cheng Siqi photo

　　Gao Yan suggested that changing carbon to electricity can really avoid carbon monoxide poisoning and other problems, but the fire risk of using this electric furnace still exists. Most of these electric furnaces are high-power electric equipment, which is easy to cause pressure on the circuit. Especially, it is possible for multiple boxes in the teahouse to use multiple electric furnaces at the same time, so it is necessary to prevent fires caused by overload electricity.

　　Tea should be cooked well and safely.

　　In order to cook tea around the stove safely and comfortably, Chen Yuan suggested that we should start from all aspects and standardize the safe operation at every step.

　　First of all, before cooking tea around the stove, you should buy utensils in regular shops and platforms, and you can’t find charcoal burning tools at will.

　　Second, try to choose outdoor places with open ventilation such as terraces and rooftops. If it must be carried out indoors, it is necessary to keep the windows open and ventilated, and it is best to use smoke extraction facilities.

　　Third, during the cooking process, reasonably adjust the spacing of items, stay away from combustible materials, and put heat insulation pads under the stove. At the same time, prevent children from approaching or touching charcoal burning equipment to prevent accidents such as burns. "Try to avoid baking things with high oil content, otherwise a large number of oil droplets will fall into the charcoal and the flame will soar." Chen Yuan added.

　　Finally, the charcoal fire must be extinguished after the tea is cooked around the stove. It is best to take the stove outdoors and add water to cool it, or wait until the charcoal burns out and completely ashes.

　　Ms. Ma, a citizen of Shanghai, suggested that the merchants who cook tea around the stove explain the precautions to customers in detail in advance. "Some merchants default that customers understand the procedures for cooking tea around the stove, and do not give necessary safety reminders. Customers can operate whatever they want, which has certain security risks."

　　Gao Yan suggested that customers should first understand the safety exits and evacuation passages when entering the tea room, and check the location of fire extinguishers such as fire hydrants. It is suggested that businesses should add fire extinguishing appliances. If electric furnaces are used, businesses should regularly check whether the circuits are aging and whether the electric furnaces are normal, and avoid connecting multiple high-power electrical equipment to the same socket at the same time.

Now "The Implementation Plan for the Recruitment of Standardized Resident Training and Assistant General Practitioner Training in Anhui Province in 2020 is issued to you. Please do a good job in the recruitment and implementation according to the actual situation and provide necessary safeguard measures for the training. If there are any problems in the implementation process, please contact the Science and Education Department of our Committee and the Management Center of Provincial Housing and Training Affairs at telephone number:

Shengzhupei affairs management center 　　　　　　　　　　0551-62284812　　　　　

Provincial Health Commission Science and Education Division 　　　　　　　　　　0551-62998587

Technical support of housing and training information management system　　0551-62530721

Anhui province health health Committee

June 29, 2020

(Information disclosure form: voluntary disclosure)

　

　

　

Standardized training of residents in Anhui Province in 2020 and

Implementation plan for training and recruiting assistant general practitioners

　

In order to implement the "Implementation Opinions on Establishing a Standardized Training System for Residents in Anhui Province"[2015] No.183), strengthen the management of standardized training for residents/training for assistant general practitioners, ensure the unified, scientific, standardized and orderly training and recruitment, and ensure the quality of training and recruitment. This plan is formulated according to the relevant policy requirements of the state and our province.

First, the recruitment plan

In 2020, the standardized training program for residents in our province enrolled 3386 people, including 3066 people in western medicine and 320 people in Chinese medicine. The training program for assistant general practitioners enrolled 280 people, including 200 in clinical category and 80 in traditional Chinese medicine category.

See Annex 1 for the enrollment plan of standardized resident training/assistant general practitioner training in Anhui Province in 2020, Annex 2 for the enrollment plan of order-oriented medical student training, and Annex 3 for the assignment table of the specialties in short supply in cities and counties directly under the provincial government.

Second, the object of recruitment

Recruiting objects are divided into two types: training objects appointed by the unit (hereinafter referred to as "unit people") and socialized personnel (hereinafter referred to as "social people").

(1)Recruiting target of standardized training for residents

1. Basic conditions (one of the following conditions is enough)

(1) Graduates with bachelor’s degree or above who have been or intend to be engaged in clinical medical work in full-time colleges and universities majoring in medicine (referring to clinical medicine, stomatology, traditional Chinese medicine and integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, the same below).

(2) Persons who have been engaged in clinical medical work and obtained the qualification of medical practitioners and need to be trained.

2. Application conditions and requirements

(1) applicants must be qualified as medical practitioners or registered as medical practitioners.Case, and has not obtained the certificate of standardized training for residents of junior or no title personnel.

(2) inPostgraduates with professional degrees and scientific degrees are not included in the scope of this recruitment.

(3) The professional categories (clinical, oral and traditional Chinese medicine) applied for should be consistent with the professional categories studied.

(4) The employer must obtain the consent of the appointing unit before applying for the exam, and the information about the training specialty, training base hospital and so on must be consistent with the letter of introduction stamped by the employer. Professional (base) volunteers are limited to 1 and base (hospital) volunteers are limited to 3.

(5) Social people fill in their volunteers according to their own reality, and the number of professional volunteers (bases) is limited to 3, and the number of base volunteers (hospitals) is limited to 3.

(6) In principle, the training objects appointed by primary medical and health institutions are limited to general practice, and the training objects appointed by central township hospitals can also apply for internal medicine.

(7) The 2020 rural order-oriented free medical undergraduate graduates must apply for the standardized training of general practice residents in a unified way.

(B) Assistant General Practitioner Training Recruiters

1. Basic conditions

Full-time graduates of medical majors (referring to clinical medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, the same below) who have been or intend to engage in clinical medical work.

2. Application conditions and requirements

(1）Applicants must beJunior or non-professional personnel.

(2）Enter oneself for an examination professional category (clinical, Chinese medicine) should be consistent with the professional category.

(3) The employer must obtain the consent of the appointing unit before applying for the exam, and a letter of introduction issued by the employer for agreeing to apply for the exam is required for qualification examination.

(4）twentytwentyThe rural order-oriented free medical college graduates must be in units.Enter oneself for an examination in person modeAttend assistant general practitioner training.

Third, the recruitment process

The recruitment work is carried out in accordance with the procedures of online registration, qualification examination, examination admission and publicity registration.

(1) Examination registration

This exam adopts online registration, and the applicants log on to the information management system platform of resident training in Anhui Province (http://220.178.116.78:9889/）To register, the registration start and end time is8: 00 on July 6th, 2020-17:30 on July 10th.

(2) Qualification examination

From July 6 to July 11, 2020, the applicants went to the first volunteer base hospital for on-site qualification examination.

From July 13 to July 16, 2020, the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee organized relevant personnel to review the qualifications of those who passed the preliminary qualification examination of each base hospital, and determined those who took the examination.

At the time of on-site qualification examination, applicants are required to provide the following materials:

1. A printed and signed Registration Form for Admission Examination for Standardized Training of Residents/Training of Assistant General Practitioners in Anhui Province in 2020 (printed directly from the platform after registration);

2. One original and one copy of the ID card;

3. One original and one copy of the certificate of bachelor degree or above, or one original and one copy of the qualification certificate of medical practitioner.

4. Letter of introduction from the unit (provided by the unit).

(3) Print the admission ticket

From 8: 00 on July 20, 2020 to 17:30 on July 24, 2020, qualified personnel logged on the platform of Anhui resident training information management system to print the admission ticket.

(4) Examination admission

The examination method is a comprehensive written medical examination, with unified proposition and marking in the whole province. The examination categories are divided into five categories: clinical medicine, stomatology, traditional Chinese medicine, clinical assistant general practice and traditional Chinese medicine assistant general practice. Examination time:From 9: 00 am to 11: 30 am on July 25, 2020, see the admission ticket for the examination place.

followThe principle of "openness, fairness, merit-based admission and two-way selection", according to the examination results of candidates, according to the voluntary priority to determine the admission training targets. If the base hospital or the corresponding major fails to complete the enrollment plan, it will be transferred from the staff who obey the transfer; Accommodation and training transfer admission gives priority to meeting the urgent and scarce professional needs of general practice, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology.

(five) publicity report

After the recruitment, the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee will publicize the results of the recruitment to the public in a timely manner.

After receiving the official list of admission personnel, the training base shall inform the trainees of the registration time and related requirements in time. The training time starts from the date of training, and serves as the basis for enjoying relevant financial subsidies. The training object appointed by the unit shall be signed by the appointing unit, the training base and the training object (Annex4 or Annex 6), the trainees must return to their original units after the training, and the training base shall not retain the trainees appointed by the units; The training base signs a training agreement (Annex 5 or Annex 7) with the trainees who are recruited for the society, and the files are placed in the talent exchange center designated by the training base. After the training, the trainees choose their own jobs. Those who can’t report on time must have justified reasons and relevant certificates, and ask for leave from the training base hospital, and postpone the corresponding training time after reporting; Those who fail to report for a week without reason will be disqualified from the training and will be deemed to have withdrawn from the training on their own.

Fourth, requirements

(a) forImplement the State Council’s deployment of novel coronavirus epidemic prevention and control and the requirements of the provincial party Committee and the provincial government to ensure thatDuring the examination, the life safety and physical health of the majority of candidates and examination staff are ensured, and the examination and assessment work is carried out smoothly. All localities and units should strictly follow the implementation of the COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control work plan during the standardized training and examination of residents (see Annex8）。

(two) municipalities and counties directly under the jurisdiction of the Health and Health Committee should strengthen leadership and raise awareness, and do a good job in the publicity and guidance of standardized training policies for residents; Supervise the medical institutions within the jurisdiction to actively mobilize and send qualified personnel to sign up for the training, and ensure that in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and our province’s health science and education secret [[2015] No.183 requires the implementation of relevant treatment for trainees. It is necessary to actively select personnel from medical institutions at all levels to participate in the standardized training of general practitioners/assistant general practitioners, focus on the construction of general practitioners, and at the same time take into account the selection of training in pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, etc.Ensure the completion of the recruitment task of the shortage of majors.Formulate a tilt policySupport personnel who meet the training requirements in underdeveloped areas and poverty-stricken counties such as Dabie Mountain Revolutionary Old District and northern Anhui to participate in the training. Strengthen the pairWork supervisor of subordinate base,Do a good job in the implementation of recruitment and training.

(2) Medical institutions at all levels should mobilize qualified personnel to actively register, and the appointed units should determine the future professional positions of the dispatched personnel before registering. The letter of introduction should specify the corresponding training majors, and individuals and units may not apply for adjustment of training majors unless due to force majeure. After the training, the appointed unit will carry out its post in strict accordance with the training specialty determined by the letter of introduction. Establish and improve the relevant systems, strengthen the management of the training objects sent by the unit, and do a good job of communication and communication during training; Formulate corresponding incentive policies and safeguard measures, timely pay or distribute the post salary, salary scale salary, social insurance, housing accumulation fund and corresponding welfare that the dispatched unit should bear according to the regulations, and ensure the implementation of the treatment stipulated in the policy during the training period.

(III) Each training base shall, in accordance with the requirements, formulate its own recruitment brochure, publicize the characteristics, characteristics and advantages of the base, clarify the base treatment of trainees, formulate preferential policies for applicants with major shortage and social people, improve the enrollment rate and admission rate of major shortage and the proportion of students with social people, and strive to complete various recruitment plans. Carefully review the registration qualifications, make early preparations for new students to enter the base, and ensure that the registration and pre-job training are successfully completed within the prescribed time limit; Sign the training agreement in time to ensure that all kinds of subsidies are paid in place during the training of the trainees. The completion of the recruitment plan of each training base, especially the completion of the tasks of the shortage of majors such as general practice, will serve as an important basis for the dynamic management of training bases, financial subsidies, striving for Excellence and the allocation of enrollment places in the next year.

(four) improve the integrity system of standardized training for residents, and will be informed of dishonest behavior. Once verified, the applicants who practise fraud in the training and recruitment work will be disqualified from registration and training, andWithin 3 years (2 years for assistant general practitioners), you may not enroll in standardized training for residents or enter standardized training for residents in other forms (such as applying for professional degree graduate students, etc.); For the admitted trainees (subject to the public list), if they fail to report for duty or quit the training after reporting for duty due to personal and non-force majeure reasons, they shall not sign up for standardized training for residents within 3 years (2 years for assistant general practitioners) or enter the standardized training for residents in other forms (such as applying for professional degree graduate students). If the unit person withdraws from the training due to the reasons of the unit, it will be included in the target assessment of the city or unit, and will be linked to the performance appraisal of public hospitals. For the training base that violates discipline and discipline in the recruitment and training work, informed criticism will be given until its base qualification is cancelled, depending on the seriousness of the case.

　

Attachment:1. Standardized training for residents in Anhui Province in 2020/Assistant General Practitioner

Training enrollment schedule

2.2020 order-oriented medical student training enrollment schedule

3.2020 Assignment Table for Specialties in Shortage in Cities

4. Standardized Training Agreement for Residents in Anhui Province (unit)

5. Standardized training agreement for residents in Anhui Province (social person)

6. Anhui Assistant General Practitioner Training Agreement (unit)

7. Anhui Assistant General Practitioner Training Agreement (social person)

8. COVID-19 epidemic situation during standardized training and examination for residents.Prevention and control work plan

Attachment 1-1: Allocation Table of Anhui Resident Standardized Training Enrollment Plan in 2020. xlsx
Attachment 1-2: Anhui Assistant General Practitioner Training Enrollment Schedule in 2020. xls
Attachment 2: 2020 Order-Oriented Student Training Enrollment Schedule. xlsx
Attachment 3: Assignment Table for Major Selection in Shortage in Cities in 2020. xlsx
Attachment 4: Standardized Training Agreement for Residents in Anhui Province (unit). doc
Attachment 5: Standardized Training Agreement for Residents in Anhui Province (social person). doc
Attachment 6: Anhui Assistant General Practitioner Training Agreement (unit). doc
Attachment 7: Anhui Assistant General Practitioner Training Agreement (social person). doc
Attachment 8: Work Plan for Epidemic Prevention and Control in COVID-19 during the Standardized Training and Examination for Residents. doc

Jingxing Shangfa [2023] No.2

All relevant units:

　　In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of documents such as Relevant Provisions of Beijing Municipality on Promoting the High-quality Development of Headquarters Enterprises (No.3 [2021] of Beijing Municipality) and Several Measures for Promoting the High-quality Development of the First Store Economy (No.14 [2022] of Beijing Merchants), and further promote the high-quality development of the business field, we hereby print and distribute the Measures for Promoting the Development of the Business Field in Daxing District to you, please combine with the actual situation and earnestly.

Beijing Daxing District Bureau of Commerce　　　　

February 1, 2023　　

　　(This piece is made public voluntarily)

Some measures to promote the development of business field in Daxing District

　　In order to promote the high-quality development of business in Daxing District, we will focus on supporting the six major areas of promoting the high-quality development of headquarters economy, promoting the high-quality development of business service industry, enhancing the international operation ability of foreign trade enterprises, vigorously developing the first store economy, supporting the development of new offshore international trade, and promoting the construction of an international consumption center city, and give full play to the guiding, demonstrating and driving role of financial funds to improve the efficiency of fund use. Combined with the actual work, this measure is formulated.

　　Article 1 Promote the high-quality development of the headquarters economy

　　1. A one-time subsidy of up to 30 million yuan can be given to the regional headquarters of multinational companies that are newly registered after January 1, 2022 and meet the scope of support. Subsidies of up to 10 million yuan can be given to newly registered key headquarters enterprises with economic contributions, foreign R&D headquarters and industry demonstration enterprise headquarters that meet the scope of support after January 1, 2022. The subsidy funds will be distributed in three consecutive natural years, with annual proportions of 40%, 30% and 30%.

　　2. For headquarters enterprises that are newly registered after January 1, 2022 and meet the scope of support, the same enterprise can give a one-time subsidy of up to 20 million yuan for purchasing (self-built) houses; For renting houses, subsidies shall be given according to no more than 50% of the paid rent, with a maximum of 50% of the rent guidance price in the area where the house is located, and the total annual subsidy shall not exceed 5 million yuan, and subsidies shall be given for three consecutive natural years, and the same enterprise may give a maximum subsidy of 10 million yuan.

　　3. Encourage the existing headquarters enterprises to set up functional institutions such as investment centers, R&D centers, operation centers and settlement centers, and carry out domestic and overseas acquisitions, international marketing and other physical businesses, and can be granted a one-time subsidy of up to 1 million yuan after confirmation.

　　4. The headquarters enterprises that have won municipal awards shall be provided with 30% subsidy funds at the district level in accordance with the provisions of municipal policies.

　　5. Comprehensive contribution subsidy: A maximum subsidy of 5 million yuan can be given to the top 10 enterprises with comprehensive contribution in the previous year among the headquarters enterprises that meet the scope of support.

　　Article 2 Promote the high-quality development of the business service industry

　　Support the upgrading and transformation of public service areas of qualified commercial buildings, and the subsidy funds shall not exceed 50% of the actual investment of the project. According to the economic benefits of comprehensive evaluation, the maximum subsidy of 1 million yuan can be given.

　　Article 3 Enhance the international operation ability of foreign trade enterprises.

　　1. Foreign trade enterprises that have obtained policy funds to support foreign trade enterprises at the municipal level to enhance their international operation ability, and the total amount of municipal support exceeds 200,000 yuan, shall be subsidized according to 50% of the amount of municipal support.

　　2. Encourage foreign trade enterprises to actively participate in domestic exhibitions, and give financial support to exhibitors whose booth expenses exceed 200,000 yuan in the current year according to the proportion of 50%.

　　Fourth, vigorously develop the first store economy

　　1. The first store in Asia, the first store in China (Mainland), the first store in Beijing, the flagship store and the innovative concept store with international brands and local independent brands, which are recognized as the first stores by the municipal level and are supported by the municipal first store policy funds, will be unified in Daxing District in the current year, and the year-on-year increase of retail sales in the following year will not be lower than the average increase of retail sales in Daxing District. According to the municipal support amount, the district level will be subsidized at the highest ratio of 1:0.5, and the maximum amount of subsidies can be given to a single first store in the retail field.

　　2. For brand enterprises that have not obtained the financial support of the municipal first store policy, the first stores in Asia, China (Mainland), Beijing and flagship stores opened in Daxing District in the same year and the year-on-year increase of retail sales in Daxing District is not lower than the average increase of retail sales in the following year, retail enterprises can be given a subsidy of up to 1 million yuan according to 50% of the total approved actual investment of the project, and catering enterprises can be given a subsidy of up to 250,000 yuan according to 20% of the total approved actual investment of the project. In the following year, if it is unified in Daxing District and the year-on-year increase of retail sales in the coming year is not lower than the average increase of retail sales in Daxing District, the retail enterprise can give a subsidy of up to 800,000 yuan according to 30% of the total actual investment approved by the project, and the catering enterprise can give a subsidy of up to 200,000 yuan according to 20% of the total actual investment approved by the project.

　　3. For international high-end brand enterprises that have set up stores in other regions, if they open the first store in Daxing and meet the following conditions at the same time, they will be given a subsidy of up to 800,000 yuan according to 30% of the actual investment approved by the project:

　　(1) The annual sales of wholesale and retail enterprises shall not be less than 20 million yuan; The annual sales of catering enterprises is not less than 10 million yuan;

　　(2) The year-on-year increase of retail sales of commodities in the following year is not lower than the average increase of retail sales of commodities in Daxing District.

　　Article 5 Support the development of new offshore international trade.

　　1. Encourage newly introduced enterprises and existing enterprises to carry out offshore trading business. For newly registered offshore trading enterprises, if the foreign exchange receipts of offshore trading business exceed US$ 50 million in any one year within three years after registration, a subsidy of up to 20,000 yuan will be given for each US$ 10 million, and a cumulative subsidy of up to 5 million yuan will be given each year.

　　2. For offshore trading enterprises registered for more than three years, starting from the fourth year, the year-on-year increment of foreign exchange receipts of offshore trading business will be rewarded, and the maximum subsidy of 20,000 yuan will be given for each increment of foreign exchange receipts of offshore trading business reaching 10 million dollars, and the maximum subsidy of 5 million yuan will be given annually.

　　Article 6 Promote the construction of an international consumption center city

　　1. Support traditional shopping malls, characteristic blocks, farmers’ markets (farmers’ markets must be indicated in the business license), and stores with a single store area of more than 1,000 square meters to carry out infrastructure transformation, lighting transformation, digital transformation and other construction. For eligible projects, a subsidy of up to 2 million yuan can be given if it does not exceed 30% of the total actual investment approved by the project.

　　2. Local brand enterprises (legal entities) can set up flagship stores with high specifications, high quality and remarkable demonstration effects, and can give a subsidy of up to 500,000 yuan according to the principle of not exceeding 20% of the actual investment approved by the project.

　　3. Support commercial entities to carry out innovative consumption promotion activities and large-scale new product debut activities around the theme of urban two-level consumption season, and give financial support to commercial entities that meet the following conditions in promoting consumption in the current year (including construction costs, publicity costs, material design and purchase costs, etc.). The support ratio does not exceed 50% of the total approved actual investment, and a maximum subsidy of 500,000 yuan can be given.

　　(1) Commercial complex, with a business area of not less than 30,000 square meters, and its business formats should include three or more formats such as retail, catering, entertainment, education and training;

　　(2) Commercial block, with a business area of not less than 70,000 square meters, and its business formats should include three or more formats such as catering, retail, entertainment, education and training;

　　(3) For other commercial and trade circulation enterprises, the sales in that year were more than 100 million yuan, and the year-on-year increase in retail sales of commodities was not lower than the average increase in retail sales of commodities in Daxing District in that year.

　　4. Support the scale development of small and micro enterprises. For the small and micro commercial enterprises in the wholesale, retail, accommodation, catering and other industries, the annual main business income will reach the national standard for the first time, and will be upgraded to a national enterprise above designated size in the next year, and the growth rate of retail sales in that year is higher than that of social consumer goods in Daxing District, a one-time subsidy of up to 100,000 yuan can be given. The newly established enterprises in the above industries will be given a one-time subsidy according to the above standards when they reach the standard of unification.

　　This measure is a principled provision, which is specifically interpreted and implemented by the District Bureau of Commerce. See the detailed implementation rules for the scope of support, reporting process and identification standards. If the same declared project of the same enterprise meets other policies and regulations of Daxing District at the same time, it shall be supported according to the principle of "from high to non-repetition", unless otherwise stipulated. These measures shall come into force as of the date of promulgation and shall be implemented for five years. In case of major policy changes in China and Beijing during the implementation, the above policies will be adjusted accordingly.

　　In the crazy process of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China, grey means frequently appear. The GlaxoSmithKline case is just the tip of the iceberg. What are the criteria for multinational pharmaceutical companies to choose executives in China? What kind of deep background do they have?

　　After four senior executives of GlaxoSmithKline were detained, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Lilly and other giants were also investigated by relevant departments, and the bribery scandal of multinational pharmaceutical giants intensified.

　　Multinational pharmaceutical companies have been operating in China for 30 years. Facing the huge market in China, the development and expansion of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China is more like a long-planned war. From the initial joint venture, to merger and acquisition, sole proprietorship, setting up factories and R&D centers in China, even the executives in China have changed from foreigners to local elites.

　　From tourism to immigration, from interviews to papers, the "grey marketing techniques" of pharmaceutical companies have also exposed the tip of the iceberg.

　　How do multinational pharmaceutical companies operate in China, and what are the arrangements for the establishment of various functional departments? How can multinational pharmaceutical companies penetrate into China step by step by relying on their strong economic strength and powerful government lobbying ability? What is the background of executives of multinational pharmaceutical companies?

　　Department secrets

　　The outbreak of GSK’s China Wo case presented a roadmap for a foreign company to promote drugs by illegal means in China. Zhao Hongyan, director of the legal department, liang hong, vice president and general manager of enterprise operation, Huang Hong, general manager of business development enterprise operation, and Zhang Guowei, president and director of human resources department, who are known as "GSK China Troika", were investigated by the public security department. Why did GSK executives in China collectively fall?

　　The reporter found that there is a very clear division of labor among mainstream European and American pharmaceutical foreign companies. The medical management of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China has been covered with political color.

　　A deputy general manager of a domestic pharmaceutical company told reporters, "Every multinational pharmaceutical company has different ways to play. The national market layout of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China is basically where the government relations built by the enterprises themselves extend. Considering the operation and security of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China, one of the main tasks of government relations management is short-term arrangement, medium-term plan and long-term plan, and there is a special annual budget for the expansion and maintenance of government relations. "

　　"Simply relying on market operation is not enough to maintain the production and development of enterprises. For example, the bidding management of provinces, the selection of essential drugs, the addition of medical insurance catalogues, and the new GMP standards will all be controlled and influenced by relevant national policies. Therefore, on the first day of investment in China, multinational pharmaceutical companies in Europe and the United States regard influencing government-related decision-making departments as their most important task. " A staff member of a medical association told reporters.

　　Pharmaceutical enterprises build their own government relations network nationwide, on the one hand, relying on the government relations department of the company, on the other hand, giving full play to the personal connections and business capabilities of resident marketers, and on the other hand, relying on the commercial customers of pharmaceutical enterprises.

　　An industry insider who did not want to be named said, "Multinational pharmaceutical companies are even more aware of the layout of approval power before and after the reform than government officials, and their familiarity with policies, laws and regulations is much higher than that of domestic pharmaceutical companies."

　　There are 11 departments in China headquarters of GSK. The four departments involved in this case are Legal Affairs, Human Resources, Business Development and Enterprise Operation. What is the department setup and division of responsibilities of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China?

　　The Ministry of Government Affairs is mainly responsible for developing and carrying out related work with National Medical Products Administration, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Price Bureau, the industrial and commercial departments, the Ministry of Justice and other government functional departments, and establishing and maintaining good communication and contact with relevant units and departments. For example, be responsible for the company’s product declaration and selection in the national or local basic medical insurance drug list, and ensure that the company’s products are selected in the trade name list or synonym library in relevant regions; Responsible for the bidding and winning of the company’s products in relevant regions of the country, improve market access, and ensure that the company’s products have good channel environment and policy environment support.

　　The Ministry of Public Affairs is mainly responsible for the work in the media and public propaganda. Publicize the public through some influential media or propaganda tools, such as newspapers, magazines, radio and television, and shape public opinion, thus affecting the decision-making of government departments or legislatures. In addition, carry out social welfare projects advocated by the government to shape the positive image of enterprises. Some common problems are provided to the legislature or decision-making body as experts and scholars or as alliance groups through industry associations, industry media, academic groups, etc.

　　Medical registration department, mainly dealing with new drugs on the market and National Medical Products Administration. Get more guidance and help from the national level, improve the efficiency of pharmaceutical companies in research and development, registration and approval of new drugs, and obtain policy support for existing products.

　　Business development department, mainly dealing with local pharmaceutical wholesale companies and price departments. Provide accurate and continuous information, trends and related policy analysis for internal departments of the company; Drafting opinions and supporting materials to provide reference and necessary support for other internal departments to negotiate with the official; Ensure the stability of the price system of pharmaceutical products.

　　The legal department is mainly responsible for dealing with the legal troubles that the company may face. Based on the long-term research on the policy and market of pharmaceutical industry, it provides policy judgments for pharmaceutical companies in their business decisions. Because multinational pharmaceutical companies are familiar with the laws of China, they directly contact legislators or government officials with decision-making power through formal meetings or other means, such as cooperating with the government to present the company’s position and views on behalf of the company, provide relevant information and share practical experience, so as to influence the decision-making of the government or legislative departments.