The online trading mode of used cars makes car sources and buyers more concentrated, reduces the circulation cost and facilitates buyers and sellers, but at the same time, disputes over the sale of used cars also occur from time to time, which leads to litigation rights protection.

　　The evidence failed to prove that there was something wrong with the used car.

　　The claim cannot be supported.

　　■ Case replay

　　Zhao took a fancy to a second-hand car on a second-hand car trading platform, and signed the Purchase and Sale Deposit Agreement (that is, the car purchase format contract) with the owner Xu and the platform. The platform also issued the Re-inspection Report before the transfer, which showed that except for some external scratches, the vehicle’s power, steering, transmission, braking and other systems were temporarily normal. After picking up the car, Zhao wanted to transfer the vehicle to Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, but it didn’t take long for him to get on the expressway to find that there was abnormal noise in the car. In order to prevent danger, he found that the front wheel bearing of the vehicle was cracked and the gearbox could not be upshifted, so he repaired the vehicle and replaced some accessories. In view of the maintenance cost, the after-sales staff of the used car trading platform said that this is not within the after-sales scope and will not be compensated. Zhao appealed to the court, arguing that the platform concealed the quality of the car condition and demanded compensation for maintenance costs of more than 10,000 yuan. After the court heard the case, all Zhao’s claims were not supported because the evidence could not prove the facts.

　　■ Judge’s statement

　　The court held that the parties should provide evidence of the facts they claimed. In this case, if Zhao claims that the vehicle involved has quality problems and the vehicle parts need to be repaired or replaced, he should provide evidence to prove it, otherwise he will bear the legal consequences of failing to provide evidence. The Maintenance Order submitted by Zhao did not specify the reasons for repairing and replacing the parts. Therefore, it is impossible to see that the necessary maintenance was carried out because of the damage of the vehicle parts, and it is impossible to see whether the repaired and replaced parts were broken before Zhao picked up the car or were damaged after going on the road. Zhao did not submit the corresponding payment bills to prove that he actually paid the maintenance expenses. Therefore, the court could not support Zhao’s claim.

　　When buying and selling second-hand cars, consumers must first confirm the condition of the car before paying the deposit. Before paying all the car purchase expenses, buyers must first confirm the condition and quality of the second-hand car they bought, the purchase period, whether it is an accident vehicle, and whether there are illegal acts that have not been dealt with. Secondly, if there are unreasonable terms in the format contract, such as expanding the transaction risk of one party, consumers have the right to request adjustments and modifications to the terms of the format contract. Finally, it is necessary to confirm the conditions and processes of providing after-sales service for used car trading platforms. If the second-hand car trading platform provides after-sales service for the vehicles purchased by the buyer, the platform is obliged to clearly inform them of the conditions and contents of providing after-sales service, as well as the repair reporting process and contact information, etc. If there are corresponding warranty cards and manuals, they should be issued to the buyer. If the vehicle is within the scope of after-sales service, the buyer shall report to the trading platform for repair according to the corresponding repair reporting channels and procedures.

　　Platform fraud car seller

　　The format clause was deemed invalid.

　　■ Case replay

　　Ms. Zheng spent 90,000 yuan to buy a used car through a used car platform, and the dashboard showed that the mileage of the car was 49,000 kilometers. In addition to signing a car purchase contract, the second-hand car platform also provides an unsigned Second-hand Car Inspection Report as an annex to the contract. When Ms. Zheng sent the vehicle to the 4S shop for testing, she found that the actual mileage of the vehicle had reached 98,000 kilometers six months ago. She believes that there is fraud in the platform and appealed to the court, demanding that the other party pay 100,000 yuan in compensation. The second-hand car platform believes that it is only an intermediary company, and the sales contract signed with the plaintiff Ms. Zheng is entrusted by the actual seller. Moreover, in the test report, it is clearly stated that "the mileage indicated in the test report is for reference only, and no commitment is made to the actual mileage." The court held that there was fraud in the second-hand car trading platform, and the clause in the test report issued by it was a format clause and should be considered invalid. The judgment supported all the claims of Ms. Zheng.

　　■ Judge’s statement

　　A standard contract refers to a pre-drawn contract for repeated use by the parties without consulting the other party when concluding the contract. According to the law, if the party providing the standard terms has the obligation to prompt and explain, it should draw the attention of the other party to the terms that exempt or limit its liability, and explain them according to the requirements of the other party. The standard terms that exempt the party providing the standard terms from the main obligations and exclude the main rights of the other party are invalid. In this case, the platform unilaterally exempted it from the real responsibility of guaranteeing the mileage of vehicles in the transaction, and did not provide evidence to prove that it had fulfilled its obligation of reminding or explaining, so the format clause was invalid.

　　Civil fraud refers to the act of deliberately telling the other party false information or deliberately concealing the true information in the process of establishing, changing and terminating civil rights and obligations, and inducing the other party to make a wrong representation. In this case, the second-hand car platform, as a brokerage company specializing in used motor vehicles, has the professional knowledge and detection ability related to vehicles, should know the important information of the vehicles sold by its company, and has the obligation to inform consumers of the real situation of the vehicles, but it fails to accurately inform consumers, which is a deliberate concealment of the real situation, deceiving and misleading consumers to buy the vehicles involved, which constitutes fraud. According to the provisions of China’s Consumer Protection Law, if a business operator commits fraud in providing goods or services, it shall increase the compensation for the losses it has suffered according to the requirements of consumers, and the amount of compensation shall be three times the price of the goods purchased by consumers or the cost of receiving services.

　　Buying a car has been delayed.

　　You have to pay for your actions

　　■ Case replay

　　The plaintiff Ding received a phone call from a used car salesman, saying that someone wanted to buy a Buick Excelle that he hung on the Internet. After many discussions, the final transaction price is 17,000 yuan, provided that the buyer Liu bears the violation of the vehicle. Subsequently, Ding should drive the car to a store. After checking the car, Liu decided to buy it. During the transfer procedures between the two parties, Liu drove the car away privately. Ding appealed to the court and asked Liu to assist in the transfer procedures. The used car trading platform and Liu compensated for the loss of 4,500 yuan. After trial, the court ruled that Liu assisted Ding in handling the vehicle transfer procedures and compensated the other party for a loss of 1,500 yuan.

　　■ Judge’s statement

　　In this case, both parties have clearly agreed that both parties shall go through the transfer formalities within 3 working days after the signing of the contract and the full payment of the transaction vehicle price. It is the obligation of both parties to handle the transfer of vehicles, and since the vehicles involved and related procedures have been delivered to Liu, Liu, as the buyer, should assist Ding to handle the transfer procedures. Because the vehicles involved in the case were not handled in violation of regulations, Ding was at fault in causing the dispute in this case. He said that there was no evidence to support the violation at that time, so the court decided on the proportion of its loss. The second-hand car trading platform only acted as an intermediary to facilitate Liu and Ding to reach a sales contract relationship, and had fulfilled their due contractual obligations. Ding asked him to bear the liability for breach of contract, which was unfounded in the law and the court did not support it.

　　What the judge needs to remind here is that both buyers and sellers of used cars and platforms should strictly abide by the contract, otherwise they will have to pay for their actions. In this case, the two parties have not gone through the transfer formalities, and Ding will hand over all the formalities of the vehicle and the car keys to the other party. He also bears certain responsibilities for the occurrence of the dispute and should bear the corresponding legal consequences.

　　(Author: Haidian District People’s Court, Beijing)

　　Xinmin Evening News (Reporter Zhang Yuyun) The cross-border innovation of Shencheng time-honored brand has made new moves. This afternoon, two century-old brands, Xinghualou and Coca-Cola, released a co-branded mooncake gift box, which made mooncake, a traditional food in China, an "international norm", and Coca-Cola also added oriental elements.

　　In 1851, Xinghualou was born, and Coca-Cola Company was founded in 1886. Two time-honored brands over 300 years old cooperated for the first time across the border, so that moon cakes and Coke formed CP. What kind of sparks would it collide?

　　Three joint gift boxes

　　The reporter saw at the press conference that Xinghualou and Coca-Cola brought three joint gift boxes. Xinghualou fiber moon cake and Coca-Cola fiber+soda are the protagonists, and both take dietary fiber as a common health selling point. Among them, fiber+soda has 5 grams of dietary fiber per can, which can meet 30% of the fiber demand of human body every day; The fiber moon cake developed by Xinghualou was jointly developed by the team led by the fifth generation moon cake inheritor of Xinghualou. The dietary fiber content was as high as 6%, and its filling ratio was adjusted countless times.

　　There are three joint gift boxes, and the collector’s edition gift box draws old Shanghai figures on the outer box, with a limited sale of 5000 boxes. On the high-end version of the gift box, Chang ‘e comes leisurely in Xiangyun, while the selling version of the gift box is painted with elegant peony flowers, all of which are classic patterns of Xinghualou moon cakes, but its background color is bold to choose crystal white to interpret the moonlight color.

　　Online celebrity live broadcast "with goods"

　　Chen Zhe, general manager of Xinghualou Group, said that before the Mid-Autumn Festival last year, 500 boxes of mooncakes in Xinghualou were airlifted to the American market and won the favor of local overseas Chinese. This year, Xinghualou will continue to expand the Mid-Autumn Festival market in the United States. This time, we jointly launched a joint gift box with Coca-Cola, which kicked off the cross-border cooperation between Xinghualou and famous brands — — In the future, Xinghualou may cooperate with automobile brands and cultural brands, and expand overseas markets to Australia and other places. In the peak season of moon cake sales, that is, in late August, Xinghualou also plans to cooperate with online celebrities to broadcast "bringing goods" live.

　　While the white rabbit and Meijiajing launched butterscotch lipstick, they sold the white rabbit milk tea with Happy Lemon. Want Want and Nature Hall cooperated on the mask; LU ZHOU LAO JIAO CO.,LTD and Smell Library launched perfume; Liushen produced a cocktail … … Cross-border innovation of time-honored brands has become a trend, and it is also an "incubator" for online celebrity products and hot topics. Behind it is the efforts of the old brands to compete for strength and develop in the direction of youthfulness and fashion.

In February, although it is already in beginning of spring, the cold air is still active frequently, and it is chilly in spring, cold at first, and the temperature difference between day and night is large, so it is necessary to continue to pay attention to cold protection and warmth. At the same time, during the Spring Festival holiday, activities such as visiting relatives and friends, going out for a trip, gathering for dinner and other people’s mobility increased significantly, which led to an increase in the risk of disease transmission.

Shenyang CDC reminds residents to focus on the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases such as COVID-19, influenza, avian influenza, chickenpox and scarlet fever, viral diarrhea caused by norovirus and rotavirus, zoonotic infectious diseases caused by brucellosis in contact with infected cattle and sheep, and pay attention to the rational use of braziers, coal stoves and gas water heaters to guard against carbon monoxide poisoning.

Covid-19 infection

Shenyang still maintains a low epidemic level.

one

The reported cases of Covid-19 infection in Shenyang increased compared with last month, but it remained at a low epidemic level. Among the local cases, the JN.1 mutant strain from Covid-19 has become the dominant epidemic strain, which is affected by factors such as cross-regional mobility and increased crowd aggregation around the Spring Festival. February coincides with the Spring Festival, and the mobility and clustering of people have increased. It is expected that the epidemic situation in COVID-19 will gradually increase, and it is necessary to prevent the outbreak from rebounding and clustering.

Health tips

(1) Strengthen personal health management. Pay close attention to your family and your own health every day. When you have symptoms such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, decreased sense of smell, diarrhea, etc., avoid going to school or work with illness, and go to a fever clinic in a nearby hospital as appropriate. Wear a mask all the way to the hospital and try to avoid taking public transport.

(2) It is suggested that the elderly aged 60 and above or those aged 18-59 with serious basic patients, people with low immune function and people with high risk of infection should be given priority to Covid-19 vaccine containing XBB mutant antigen. People who have completed the basic immunization of COVID-19 vaccine (2 doses or more) or who have been infected with Covid-19 and meet the vaccination conditions can be vaccinated.

(3) Wear masks scientifically according to the Guidelines for the Prevention of Respiratory Infectious Diseases (2023 Edition). Other countermeasures can refer to the flu.

flu

A variety of respiratory diseases alternate or co-epidemic.

2

The epidemic period of influenza began in October, and in the future, influenza virus will remain the most important pathogen of respiratory diseases. In February, the city will continue to present a trend of alternating or common epidemics of various respiratory diseases. Due to the continuous low temperature and large population movement during the Spring Festival, the data of influenza-like cases will continue to maintain a high level.

Health tips

(1) Encourage the elderly aged 65 and above, patients with basic diseases, children aged 6 months to 5 years, pregnant women, medical staff and other key groups to be vaccinated with influenza vaccine. Do a good job of personal protection and try to go to crowded places as little as possible.

(2) All kinds of crowded institutions and units should do a good job in the prevention and control of influenza, such as ventilation and disinfection, especially in places where air conditioners are turned on for a long time, windows are closed, and regional ventilation is poor.

(3) Open the window regularly for ventilation several times every day to keep the indoor air fresh. During the peak epidemic period, people should avoid going to crowded places. If there are related symptoms, they should seek medical advice in time, stay at home as much as possible, and go to work without illness to reduce the spread of the disease.

highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)

Zhejiang reported H10N5 human avian influenza epidemic.

three

At present, it is the high incidence season of bird-to-bird epidemic during the migration of wild birds, and some areas in the south have closed the live poultry market. The H10N5 human avian influenza epidemic reported in Zhejiang has sounded the alarm. Experts believe that the whole gene analysis of the virus shows that H10N5 virus is avian in origin and does not have the ability to infect people effectively. This epidemic is an sporadic case of cross-species transmission from bird to human, and the risk of human infection is low, and no human-to-human transmission has occurred.

Health tips

(1) The public should avoid contact with sick and dead birds in daily life and try to avoid direct contact with live birds.

(2) Pay attention to food hygiene, improve self-protection awareness, wear a mask and seek medical attention as soon as possible if you have fever and respiratory symptoms.

(3) In the process of fever treatment, it is necessary to explain to the doctor the contact history of the patient’s wild animals and poultry, and never ignore the risk of human infection with avian influenza.

Infectious diarrhea

Risk increases, pay attention to personal protection

four

During the Spring Festival, people have more dinners and gatherings, frequent contacts, increased chances of contact with intestinal pathogens, and increased risk of viral diarrhea. Therefore, we should do a good job in protection and pay attention to personal hygiene and food hygiene and safety.

Health tips

(1) Pay attention to the safety of drinking water: Do not drink raw water, well water or non-standard sterilized water, but drink boiled water or bottled water.

(2) Pay attention to food safety: keep the environment, hands and food clean when preparing food; Separate raw and cooked foods to avoid cross-contamination; Raw fruits and vegetables should be washed; Food is cooked thoroughly to kill microorganisms; Both hot and cold food should be kept at a safe temperature. Choose a restaurant or restaurant with regular and good sanitary conditions to eat, and do not eat spoiled and stale food; Take-away food should be washed or cooked in advance on vehicles and during travel, and kept raw and cooked separately, and should not be stored for too long.

(3) Maintain hand hygiene: Regular hand washing is the most important and effective preventive measure to avoid enterovirus infection. Wash your hands carefully with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.

(4) Regular disinfection: infant bottles, toys, classroom floors, door handles, desks and chairs, teaching AIDS, school buses and other standardized disinfection.

(5) Protection: Wear gloves when cleaning vomit, feces and diapers, and then wash your hands thoroughly.

(6) Seek medical attention early: If symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea appear, seek medical attention at the first time, and do not go to work or go to school with illness.

Original title: "About COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases! Shenyang CDC released the latest reminder! 》

Read the original text

Chinese has a soft spot for big cars. A car with large volume and space can not only bring a strong atmosphere, but also bring a comfortable ride environment to consumers. There are many choices of cars now, as we said today. Now let’s follow Xiaobian to see what it has done.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of the Audi RS 5 first. The front of the Audi RS 5 is relatively handsome, and the grille uses a three-piece shape, which looks simple and generous. Headlights are very delicate and pretty, but the shape is quite young and fashionable. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, automatic steering, delayed closing, rain and fog mode and so on. Come to the side of the car, the car body size is 4717MM*1866MM*1371MM, the car uses sharp lines, the car side looks very soft, with large-sized thick-walled tires, the overall visual effect is very solid. In the rear design, the Audi RS 5 rear line is individual, the taillights look very hard-core, and with the unique exhaust pipe, it is still relatively avant-garde in general.

Sitting in the car, the interior style is very simple, and the overall design of the gas field is still in place. The car looks very good outside the steering wheel. It is made of genuine leather and has an atmospheric shape. Take a look at the central control. The car is equipped with a touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and meets the aesthetic standards of most consumers. Let Xiaobian introduce the dashboard and seats. The car is equipped with a clean and refreshing dashboard, which is very eye-catching. The car uses leather seats, equipped with functions such as electric adjustment of auxiliary seat, electric adjustment of seat with memory, and seat proportion tilting, which has good support and comfort.

Audi RS 5 is matched with an automatic manual transmission (AT) gearbox, with an acceleration time of 3.9s seconds per 100 kilometers. The power performance is good and it is completely OK for daily use.

Audi RS 5 space performs well, and the leg head space is quite comfortable, bringing a better ride experience. In addition, the car is equipped with fatigue warning, anti-lock braking (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.), brake force distribution (EBD) main driver airbag, co-pilot airbag, side airbag curtain, front side airbag and other safety configurations.

After reading this car, I believe you have a general understanding. Such a car with the right price can meet the daily practical needs, and it doesn’t take much thought to maintain it at ordinary times, and the price is good.

　　Biography of Naruto: New Endurance Attack is a brand-new attempt of Naruto IP, which is different from the extreme storm series that is good at telling stories and performing effects. Naruto: New Endurance Attack focuses on online PVP. In this game, online battle of 4V4 is the main gameplay. Players compete with other players in different modes by teaming up, thus improving their level and dominating Endurance League. The biggest selling point of this game is the powerful customization system. Players will no longer play the role in the original, but create a unique "ninja" by customizing ninja, equipment and image. This also allows it to distinguish itself from the extreme storm series.

　　However, this insurmountable "mountain" is undoubtedly a difficult challenge for "Huo Ying: New Endurance Attack". From the previous preview, the first impression of the game is very profound, and the customized system with strong plasticity in 4V4 online battle has successfully attracted the attention of the original fans. Then, can "Huo Ying: New Endurance Attack" carry forward this IP on the road of the game like the extreme storm series?

The scene between Naruto and Sasuke is as bad as the scene where Batman’s parents died.

　　The story of "Huo Ying: New Endurance Attack" happened after the comic book Endurance World War, when Naruto had become Huo Ying. In order to better prevent future wars, Konoha organized a Endurance World League with other villages. The player is a contestant and comes to Muye Village to participate in the competition. Different from playing the original role in other Huoying games, in Huoying: New Endurance Attack, with the powerful custom system of the game, players can pinch out unique roles. The advantage of not controlling the original role is that players can participate in the battle in their own capacity, giving players the greatest sense of participation.

　　If you read the original, you will find that although there are many options for each part, most of them actually split the characters’ faces and costumes in the comics for players to choose from. If you don’t like the original role, you can make an identical one according to the role you like.

From head to toe, clothes to accessories can be customized, and you will often see all kinds of strange and fancy players in the hall.

　　The custom system of the game is not limited to the shape of the character, but can be reflected in the "avatar system" of the game. You can understand this system as a profession. Players decide their own role attack methods according to four basic types. Of course, you can switch at any time in the subsequent battles.

　　Avatars are mainly divided into attack, defense, shooting and healing. In fact, you can put them in the right place with other basic occupations that are common in online games. Attack is good at melee output, shooting is good at remote output, and most skills of defense are defensive. The more you play an auxiliary role in the team, the more you are a wet nurse, which can support your teammates. Each battle consists of a team of four players. Although theoretically speaking, it is reasonable to output one T and one wet nurse according to the matching of occupations, in fact, in this game, attack and shooting have a great advantage in the battle, and teams like 4 attacks, 2 attacks and 2 shots often appear, while Shouheyue rarely sees them play because of their low attack power.

The skills of the characters are all familiar moves in the original, and they can be combined at will according to different occupations.

　　Each class has two main skills and an arcane meaning, and the weapons it can carry are also different according to different classes. It should be noted that the professional customization system is very powerful. As long as the players upgrade their level, the obtained ninja skills can be matched at will. You can either let the characters open eight armor-dodgers and put spiral pills, or you can use them together with Deidara’s explosives.

Players can worship the characters in comics as masters and learn their unique skills by upgrading their level.

　　Of course, the system also provides players with a number of characters in comics. If you are tired of using custom characters, it is also a pleasure to use a set character.

As a random game, there are only 20 characters in comics available to players at present.

　　It should be noted that playing needs to be connected to the internet all the time. It is not easy to play smoothly. Besides having a good network environment, the server is often disconnected and stuck, which has become a "threshold" that hinders players’ smooth experience. At the same time, each battle needs to be matched on the basis of a player’s network. If the owner’s network is not good, the other seven people in the room will be stuck and affect the battle, or they will be kicked out of the room to match again. This situation of being kicked out without rhyme or reason appears very often in the game.

This is probably the most common interface you see when you experience the game.

For more information, please pay attention to:

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:CC weekly (id: cancer-weekly), Author: Zhang Yujiao (tenured professor of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), original title: "Exclusive | These five groups of people cannot be vaccinated! Chinese scholars analyze the top ten problems of Pfizer vaccine, with the title from vision china.

Core summary

1. On the 10th local time, the US Food and Drug Administration（FDA）With 17 votes in favor, 4 votes against and 1 abstention, COVID-19 Vaccine Group decided thatThe benefits of using Pfizer /BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in adults aged 16 and over outweigh the known risks, and the COVID-19 Vaccine Team of FDA recommended that Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine be approved.This means that the last obstacle has been cleared before the COVID-19 vaccine goes on the market in the United States.

2. The vaccination effect of tumor patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy and patients undergoing bone marrow and organ transplantation needs to be studied. People who have been infected should also be vaccinated, but it is not recommended for pregnant women to be vaccinated. Patients with a history of severe allergies should also be carefully vaccinated.

3. At present, it can only be concluded that COVID-19 vaccine is valid for more than half a year.As for how long, we have to wait for the data to speak. According to the current state(Including the titer and maintenance of antibodies in early studies)It may be a year or so, I hope it will be longer.

4. The extent to which COVID-19 vaccine can reduce the chance of spreading virus after vaccination needs further study. Therefore,After vaccination, you need to wash your hands, wear a mask and be socially isolated.

On December 8th, the world’s first Pfizer COVID-19 mRNA vaccine was inoculated in the UK after the third phase clinical study confirmed its effectiveness. The 90-year-old lady told the media at the vaccination site with a strong British accent: "This is the best thing that has happened to me, both effective and free!" . The second vaccinator is an 80-year-old man. His name is William Shakespeare, and he has the same name as the great British writer.

On the same day, after three weeks of investigation, FDA issued a review statement: Pfizer vaccine has no safety concerns, and the effective rate can reach 52% after the first vaccination, and the effective rate will rise to 95% after the second vaccination, and the vaccine can significantly reduce the number of critically ill patients. FDA(US Food and Drug Administration)Decided to submit it to the expert Committee on vaccine efficiency and safety outside the FDA for public hearing, and the whole hearing will be broadcast live on national television.

By 30 FDA independent committees on vaccine efficiency and safety(composed of vaccine experts, doctors and representatives of the public)The hearing will be held from 9: 00 am to 5: 45 pm on December 10, US Eastern Time and December 11, Beijing Time.(Tubing, live broadcast by Twitter). Members of the Committee reviewed tens of thousands of pages of information in advance. After a heated debate, 17 votes in favor and 4 votes against the emergency use of Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccine for adults over 16 years old.

At the hearing, Pfizer released detailed data for the first time. People over 16 years old, including those over 55 years old, have chronic diseases.(including heart and lung disease, cancer history)Those who have a history of HIV, HBV infection but have been controlled are all enrolled in the third phase of the study.

About side effectsMild to moderate discomfort at the inoculation site is very common. Moderate systemic reaction is about 18%, and serious side effects are less than 5%. The research is still going on, and the FDA requires Pfizer to submit updated information to the FDA in January until two years later.

About efficiency95% of the total protection efficiency occurred 7 days after the second inoculation. The protection efficiency of people of all ages and races is above 93%. It has a good protective effect on the history of basic diseases, including cancer.

At the hearing, the safety hazards such as patients with obvious immune deficiency, patients with severe allergic reactions, pregnant women and children were discussed. At the same time, the possibility of transforming mRNA into DNA and reducing the possibility of human-to-human transmission are discussed, and suggestions for future research are put forward, including further research on asymptomatic infected people.

The most controversial issue is whether teenagers aged 16 and 17 can be vaccinated, because there are only more than 100 people in this group in the study.. Some members are opposed to vaccinating teenagers aged 16-17, which is the main reason for voting against it. However, the FDA insists that because many 16-and 17-year-old children in the United States have started working in supermarkets, it is more dangerous.

On December 17th, another mRNA vaccine(Moderna Modena)An FDA hearing will also be held and approval is expected.

After nearly a year of long suffering, people finally saw the dawn. The British media said that "we are vaccinated with hope". However, in the face of more than 1.5 million lives lost around the world, we can’t help but sigh "too late". However, it is worrying that more than 37% of the American people are not willing to be vaccinated at present. They questioned"So soon? Is it safe? ！”

Take the United States as an example. Up to now, more than 15 million people in the United States have been infected with COVID-19, and nearly 300,000 people have lost their lives. The second wave of epidemic has just broken out in autumn and winter. Recently, there are 200,000 new cases and more than 2,500 deaths in the United States, far exceeding the first wave in July this year! At this exponential growth rate, if there is no vaccine and effective social isolation, the probability of each American being infected in 2021 will exceed 50%! Each of us should ask ourselves, should we be vaccinated, infected naturally, or locked up at home?The answer is obvious, we have no choice!

At present, nearly one million people have been vaccinated with four vaccines in China. However, the side effects of Pfizer vaccine, such as severe allergy, and whether some immunocompromised people, such as children, cancer patients, organ transplants, pregnant women and AIDS, can be vaccinated, and who can be vaccinated, have also become consistent issues and choices faced by China and the United States. However, the problems encountered in the vaccination of Pfizer vaccine and Modana vaccine in the United States and the United Kingdom will also serve as a reference for the China vaccine that will be widely vaccinated in the future.

First, who will be vaccinated first? What is the final goal?

According to the discussion results of CDC on November 30th, the order of COVID-19 vaccination is as follows:

First batch(From 15 December): frontline medical staff(20 million)And the elderly in nursing homes(millions).

So far, Pfizer will provide 40 million doses of vaccine before the end of the year; Moderna will provide 20 million doses before the end of the year.

Second batch(From January next year)Social necessities, including police, postmen, firefighters, dieters, school teachers, cleaners, food processors, etc.(nearly 90 million). Old people over 65 years old(fifty million).

The third batch: ordinary people(From March next year)It is estimated that more than 100 million people.

The fourth batch: young people and children under the age of 16(From May next year): tens of millions.

MD Anderson medical staff were among the first to be vaccinated. The hospital has subdivided the first batch of personnel:

At present, the Texas government has announced the distribution number of the first batch of Pfizer vaccines in major hospitals. MD Anderson Hospital will receive nearly 5,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccine on the 14th.(two doses for one person), should be able to supply all the clinical medical staff of 1a with vaccination.(The hospital has nearly 1,000 full-time doctors, more than 20,000 full-time employees, and nearly 30,000 people for further study.).

Goal:Strive to reach 70% vaccination rate after June next year, and promote group immunization.(95% effective rate x70% vaccination rate =66.5% immunization rate). In other words, we should stick to wearing masks and social isolation until the end of June next year.(Biden asked people to hold on at least until the end of April). Clear goals, but a long way to go! What should developing countries do if developed countries plan like this?

Figure/COVID-19 vaccine samples developed by Pfizer and BioNTech.

Second, should cancer and other patients with immunodeficiency, or people with severe allergies be vaccinated?

Should cancer and other patients with immunodeficiency, or people with severe allergies be vaccinated? At present, in the third phase of clinical research, tumor patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or patients with bone marrow and organ transplantation, HIV, etc., are not allowed to participate in the study because of potential immunosuppression. Therefore, the effect of these patients after vaccination is still a research problem. Related research is being prepared.Generally speaking, if radiotherapy and chemotherapy have stopped for more than one year, cancer patients can consider vaccination.

In addition, two cases of obvious allergic reactions occurred in the population vaccinated in the first week in Britain. Therefore,Experts warn patients with a history of severe allergies to be carefully vaccinated.

3. Should children and pregnant women be vaccinated?

In the current clinical study, neither pregnant women nor children under 12 years old were enrolled. Therefore,Vaccination for pregnant women is not recommended at present. As for teenagers and children(under 16 years old)No further data on safety and effectiveness will be available until May next year.

Fourth, should people who have been infected with COVID-19 be vaccinated?

For people who have been infected,Because the recently reported cases of secondary infection and natural immunity may only last for 3 to 6 months, and the immunity produced by natural infection is weak, they should be vaccinated.

5. How long can immunity last after vaccination?

Since most of the third phase of vaccine research began in July this year, the longest observation time is less than half a year. Therefore, we can only conclude that the validity period is more than half a year at present. As for how long, we have to wait for the data to speak. According to the current state(Including the titer and maintenance of antibodies in early studies)It may be a year or so, I hope it will be longer.

6. After vaccination, will it spread the virus to others? Do you still need to wash your hands, wear a mask and be socially isolated?

At present, the effective rate of mRNA vaccine is 95%, which means that the difference between the number of patients with symptoms accounts for the percentage of the number of patients with symptoms in the control group compared with the random control group that did not receive the vaccine. This is a standard algorithm widely accepted by epidemiology, and it is also a standard index of vaccine listing in the international community, not an invention of a manufacturer. Both Pfizer and Mardner’s vaccine trials rely on patients’ self-reports, and subsequent confirmation tests will only be conducted if there are related symptoms. Therefore, this calculation does not include asymptomatic patients; Secondly, the difference between the two groups in transmission to others has not been detected yet.

Can the vaccine reduce the chance of transmission to others? Scientifically, it should be, but the degree needs further study. Therefore,After the vaccination, it is not necessary to wash your hands, wear masks and be socially isolated. Let’s stick to it for a while and wait for further data.Moreover, the vaccine is not 100% effective, in case you belong to the 5% ineffective population!

Figure/Relevant data of Pfizer vaccine

7. How many times should I be vaccinated? What are the side effects?

Current vaccines all requireInoculate twice. If you only plant it once, the effect will be greatly reduced. Moreover, there must be an interval of three weeks between two times.(Pfizer)Or around.(Mardner). At the same time, the vaccine from the same manufacturer must be vaccinated, even though they are all mRNA vaccines.

As for the side effects, it is a three-point poison. It is an ideal to cure all diseases without side effects; More accurately, it is a fantasy; Be strict, it’s nonsense!

This year, according to the recommendation of CDC in the United States, I have been vaccinated against influenza.(once a year, inactivated vaccine)And herpes zoster vaccine.(Protein vaccine, over 50 years old, administered twice). COVID-19 vaccine is expected to be vaccinated in late December. I don’t have much discomfort after getting the flu vaccine. However, every time I have been vaccinated with herpes zoster vaccine, I have intermittent fever for more than 24 hours, and sometimes fever also causes my whole body to tremble, and my arm is red, swollen and painful for nearly a week. However, I know that these are normal phenomena and belong to mild and moderate side effects.

Based on the available data, most of the side effects of COVID-19 vaccine last for 1-2 days. Common injection site pain, erythema/redness, or fatigue.（Moderna）9.7%, Pfizer（Pfizer）3.8%, fever, chills, muscle aches（ Moderna）8.9%, joint pain（Moderna） 5.2%, headache　（Moderna）4.5%, Pfizer（Pfizer） 2%。

Long-term side effects need to be followed up in the fourth phase after marketing.

Judging from the information released,MRNA vaccine appears severe(three degrees)The side effect was severe fatigue, accounting for 3.7%. Overall, it is very safe.Mild and moderate discomfort similar to a cold is very common and normal. Please be patient!

Figure/After the first vaccination, patients will get a card to remind them to get the second vaccination on time.

8. Will the new virus mutation affect the effectiveness of the vaccine?

The answer is possible. For example, the mutation rate of influenza virus gene is high, so a new vaccine against influenza in that year should be vaccinated every year. And AIDS has always been because the virus mutates too fast, so far there is no vaccine.

Fortunately, according to the current epidemiological survey, Nature Communications magazine published an article in November this year to study 46,000 cases of COVID-19 virus from different periods around the world, and found that the probability of COVID-19 mutation is relatively low because of its unique proofread inspection mechanism, which is undoubtedly the gospel of the vaccine. At the same time, the mRNA vaccine can be modified according to mutation and then reproduced, which is much easier to operate than the terminal protein vaccine. For example, the gun has been built, just need to modify the structure of the warhead.

9. Why should vaccine storage be at MINUS 70 degrees?

Pfizer vaccine needs to be stored in a freezer at MINUS 70 degrees Celsius for a long time, and it can only be stored in a refrigerator at 2 ~ 7 degrees Celsius for 5 days. Moderna vaccine can be stored for a long time in the freezer at MINUS 20 degrees, and can be stored in the refrigerator at 2 ~ 7 degrees for one month. The reason why RNA is sensitive to temperature is that it is easy to degrade with the increase of temperature. Moderna vaccine is relatively thermotolerant, which may be related to the composition and structure of its lipid carrier. This partly explains that the side effects of Moderna vaccine seem to be a little high.

AstraZeneca’s vaccine is an adenovirus strain, which requires lower temperature and can be stored for half a year at 2 ~ 7 degrees. And is suitable for developing countries.(Note: Freund’s temperature F is used in American charts). However, the comprehensive effective rate of AZ vaccine is about 70%. Subgroup analysis showed that the effective rate of the first low dose group was 90%. However, because this group of people is young.(under 50 years old)And it is not designed in advance. Therefore, it is recognized by the industry as 70% efficient.

Photo/Pfizer is building a "frozen farm" the size of a football field to store vaccines in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Pfizer’s vaccine must be stored below the ultra-low temperature of 70 degrees.

X. Why do Britain and America prefer mRNA vaccine?

On December 2nd, Britain took the lead in approving Pfizer’s vaccine and started vaccination on the 8th. Today, the vaccine has also been approved in the United States, and it is expected to start nationwide vaccination on the 15th. On the 17th of next week, the FDA of the United States is very likely to approve the mRNA vaccine of Moderna, and it is possible to start vaccination on the 22nd. Apart from the fact that these two viruses first completed the phase III clinical randomized study, what factors made the world look at the mRNA vaccine with new eyes?

Thirty years ago, I transferred from tumor immunology research to a brand-new field of tumor gene therapy. At the MD Anderson Cancer Center in the United States, my colleagues and I spent seven years constructing a retrovirus, adenovirus and nanoliposome-mediated anti-cancer gene transformation mode and animal tumor model, which not only contributed to the first patient’s cancer gene therapy in human history, but also made a Nasdaq-listed company. I have published more than a dozen papers myself, won two patents for gene therapy, and obtained a doctorate in tumor biology within four years. After that, I decided to return to the clinical front line and started five years of standardized training for clinical oncology residents.

Retroviruses have the longest gene transformation rate and maintenance time, but unfortunately they will be integrated into the DNA of human hosts. Some scholars are worried about the possibility of cancer. At present, this gene transformation method has been rarely used in cancer treatment.

Adenovirus will not be integrated into human DNA, but it is toxic to cells and will cause immunity to adenovirus vectors. This may explain the side effects of AstraZeneca COVID-19 adenovirus vector vaccine and the change of the initial dose to the effective rate.The high dose of the first vaccination may stimulate a stronger immune response against adenovirus vector, which may affect the results of the second vaccination. Therefore, it is better to use a low dose for the first time).

However, nanotechnology liposome itself has little influence on the immune system, and the general mRNA will not be reverse transcribed and integrated into human DNA, but it will express the protein to be transmitted in human cells for a short time.(For example, COVID-19 spinous protein activates the immune response and then gradually subsides), the best security. However, I used DNA plasmid at that time; Because DNA is much more stable. At that time, everyone knew that RNA extraction and preservation were very difficult, and there was no precedent for successful transformation of mRNA gene.

Gene transfer with COVID-19 spinous protein mRNA as the main body mediated by lipid carrier can avoid errors and potential side effects in the process of DNA transcription, so that spinous protein can be efficiently expressed in human cells in a short time, and the immune response of the body can be activated, which can produce specific antiviral antibodies and immune killer cells more effectively than natural infection. Although the gene expression is short-lived, activated B cells and T cells have their own memories, which can destroy or inhibit the virus for a long time. At the same time, this mRNA will not reverse transcribe into DNA, and will not be integrated into the host DNA, which is safe and reliable.

For decades, the method of mRNA gene transfer has been a dream of scientists. Katalin Kariko, the founding partner of Moderna, the inventor of mRNA technology and a Hungarian-born American scientist, has been on the bench for 40 years, and was originally prepared to set up Moderna to engage in mRNA cancer vaccine. As a result, a Cheng Yaojin COVID-19 was killed halfway.

When scientists in China announced the gene sequence of COVID-19 on January 10th this year.(including spinous process protein)Later, the researchers in the United States and Germany changed hands, but they were unwilling to plant flowers and flowers. Fortunately, this spinous protein was finally proved to be a good immunogen of COVID-19, and COVID-19 mRNA vaccine appeared on the scene. This is an important breakthrough in human science and technology, and it is also the result of the joint efforts of scientists from all over the world.

In contrast, inactivating virus vaccine is a mature method, and this traditional method is adopted in the annual influenza vaccine. Its research and development success rate is high, so it is widely used. However, it is difficult to control the temperature during inactivation, which brings some difficulties to quality control. Therefore, the production capacity is limited. At the same time, the added chemicals will also bring some side effects.

Generally, the effective rate of inactivated influenza vaccine is between 50% and 70%. At present, the early toxicity and antibody positive rate of domestic COVID-19 vaccine with inactivated vaccine as the main body and adenovirus vector have been reported. Volunteers can tolerate mild and moderate side effects, and the antibodies are positive after injection. However, positive antibody does not guarantee that it has sufficient protection. The effective rate must be obtained in the three-phase randomized study with control group. Because the epidemic situation in China is well controlled, the corresponding research must be carried out in other countries with high incidence.

Up to now, the epidemiological efficiency of the strict phase III clinical randomized study of vaccines in China has not been reported, and the world is eagerly awaiting it. I believe the final conclusion will be heard in the near future.The advantages of inactivated vaccine and adenovirus vector vaccine are that they are less affected by temperature, easy to store and transport, and more suitable for developing countries.

Due to the potential advantages of technological innovation and high antigen purification and expression, such as improving vaccine efficiency and productivity and reducing side effects, when the effective rate of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine reached 95%, the industry unanimously hailed this major breakthrough. More importantly, there are almost no seriously ill patients among the vaccinators.

Many people think that this is the arrival of God’s grace! Developed countries such as the United States and Britain have booked the products of these two companies in advance. China’s Fosun Company also signed a cooperation agreement with Pfizer and has completed the first phase of clinical trials. It is expected that the related Phase 2 will be launched in China soon.(Non-random)Clinical research to obtain the approval of China FDA.

Figure/A nurse and patient in California. In many parts of the United States, the pressure on the health system has been overwhelmed and is on the verge of collapse at any time.

Although American health insurance and the government will pay the cost of vaccination, another difficulty is that more than 37% people in the United States are not at ease with the vaccine and are not prepared to vaccinate immediately. In this regard, three former presidents of the United States, Bush, Clinton and Obama, said that they would vaccinate under the observation of the media at the first time as a platform for vaccine safety.

Because the vaccine is for normal people, it is not a "medicine", not to treat patients, but to prevent diseases. Meanwhile, for COVID-19 vaccine, the population to be vaccinated is billions of healthy people, including children.Therefore, its safety must be much stricter than that of "medicine".Therefore, if time is not pressing, all new vaccines should wait for a long time.(more than 2 years)The data will be finally approved. But in the face of a serious epidemic, this is irrational. The regulations that allow emergency use are designed for this situation.

At present, FDA requires that the last patient should be observed for at least 2 months after entering the Phase III clinical study to ensure that there are no serious acute side effects. Moreover, regulators must strictly control the use of these new vaccines from the beginning. The initial use of these vaccines is limited to those who need them most-doctors, nurses, other health care workers, and the elderly in nursing homes. Regulators also need to continue to closely monitor the side effects of vaccines already on the market.(so-called Phase IV Clinical Study). With the accumulation of data in the first two months of next year, the range of vaccinators will be further expanded.

The development of human society always strives for survival first, and then for improvement and perfection.

When the hopes of the whole world are pinned on the COVID-19 vaccine, the hardest work has just begun. We know that the best antiviral function of the vaccine will not be realized until two weeks after the second vaccination.In other words, for most people, December this year, January and February next year will be the darkest moments in the medical history of the United States since the Spanish influenza pandemic in World War I.

According to Dr. Fauci, director of the Institute of Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health, it is estimated that by March next year, about 500,000 people in the United States will die in COVID-19, surpassing the number of deaths in World War II in the United States.(about 400,000). Regrettably, some people in the United States still refuse to wear masks and social isolation. Up to now, 37% people are skeptical about vaccines, and the epidemic prevention work has a long way to go!

Controversy over vaccines(Inoculation or non-inoculation, domestic or imported)The reason and background are very complicated, and it will not stop for a while. As a scientist and a doctor, I care most about yourself! Vaccinate, not only for others, but also for yourself!

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:CC weekly (id: cancer-weekly), Author: Zhang Yujiao (tenured professor of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center)

1905 movie network news Recently, Stephy, who plays Chen Ke in the play, has also been hotly discussed by netizens because of its popularity. In an interview recently, she also recalled all the things that she worked hard alone in Beijing. However, she did not use the word "drifting north", but chose the more kinetic "running north".

Stephy revealed that he had nosebleeds every day when he first came to Beijing, and once suspected that he had leukemia. It was also revealed that it was particularly like having a brand-name bag, but because it was not enough, I could only buy a fake bag. But in the end, through hard work, I bought the same real bag.

In response to the heated discussion about double eyelids, a response from Stephy of honest and frank was cut in Weibo before. She also admitted: "Double eyelids were cut when I was a freshman or a sophomore, that is, the technology was not as natural as it is now." Regarding the netizen’s suggestion to consider the adjustment of double eyelids, Stephy said: "If the makeup painting is good, it doesn’t need plastic surgery to assist, and makeup is particularly powerful. I just want to share my beauty products with you sometime. "

Our reporter Peng Yan

Recently, some banks have adjusted the transaction limit of non-counter channel payment. Many banks, such as Bank of Qingdao and bank of dalian, have successively issued announcements to reduce the total payment limit of some personal accounts through non-counter channels. Among them, Qingdao Bank adjusted the daily limit of some personal accounts to less than 5,000 yuan.

According to the reporter’s understanding, since last year, in order to ensure the financial security of customer accounts, a number of banks have successively adjusted the limits of some customers’ non-counter transactions. What is the specific limit and whether it is limited? Banks make different adjustments to different regions and different customers, depending on the actual use of personal accounts and relevant policies in the region.

According to the historical usage of customers’ bills, Qingdao Bank will take protective measures to reduce the total payment limit of some personal accounts in non-counter channels (including online banking, mobile banking, express payment, self-service teller machines’ ATM’ and consumer terminals’ ‘POS machines’). The so-called non-counter channel refers to the business that is not handled at the bank counter, including but not limited to the business handled through online banking, mobile banking, gateway payment, express payment, POS, ATM, etc.

The Securities Daily reporter called a branch of Qingdao Bank, and the bank’s counter staff said that reducing the total payment limit of some personal accounts in non-counter channels was mainly aimed at restricting transactions in personal bank accounts with no transactions for a long time and low account balance, and adjusting the daily limit to less than 5,000 yuan.

"The risk control for personal bank accounts is tightened mainly to reduce the risk of damage to users’ funds. Because many users have lost their bank cards or have not used them for a long time. " The counter staff of Qingdao Bank told reporters that if the user subsequently applies for raising the limit, the bank will set a reasonable off-counter payment limit after re-evaluation.

Wu Dan, a researcher at China Banking Research Institute, told the Securities Daily that this is an important way to prevent and control bank accounts. It is difficult to confirm the real trading intention of customers for large-value transactions in non-counter channels, and it is difficult for customers to recover once the transfer is successful, so it is necessary to improve the transaction monitoring measures. Identifying customers’ daily trading habits through technical means, conducting customer risk assessment in time, and imposing account restrictions on abnormal operations can effectively protect customers’ "money bags" and give them normal operations when the security signals are sufficient, which greatly improves the quality and efficiency of financial anti-fraud and anti-fraud work.

In recent years, banks have been strengthening the management of personal accounts, from clearing "sleep accounts" to "one-person excess accounts", and then upgrading to include bank cards with balances lower than those in 10 yuan into sleep accounts. In particular, since last year, a number of banks have launched the "broken card" action.

Xue Hongyan, vice president of Xingtu Financial Research Institute, told the Securities Daily that the bank’s adjustment of account limit is mainly based on the need to prevent telecommunication network fraud or anti-money laundering. It monitors the account payment and transfer in real time through the system model, and adjusts the trigger limit for abnormal accounts. In addition, some sleep accounts that have not been used for a long time may also be lowered by the bank and need to be reactivated at the counter.

Wu Dan said that it is equally important for banks to improve the convenience of customers’ transactions and ensure the safety of customers’ funds. It is necessary to continuously improve the ability of account risk prevention and control management, find high-risk account transactions in time and implement dynamic tracking to reduce the risks involved in related accounts.

Xue Hongyan said that banks should improve the recognition accuracy of the monitoring model; For the account that triggers the limit adjustment mechanism, more options should be given to remove the restrictions, especially allowing users to operate online, so as to reduce the time cost and transportation cost of counter application.

Now "The Implementation Plan for the Recruitment of Standardized Resident Training and Assistant General Practitioner Training in Anhui Province in 2020 is issued to you. Please do a good job in the recruitment and implementation according to the actual situation and provide necessary safeguard measures for the training. If there are any problems in the implementation process, please contact the Science and Education Department of our Committee and the Management Center of Provincial Housing and Training Affairs at telephone number:

Shengzhupei affairs management center 　　　　　　　　　　0551-62284812　　　　　

Provincial Health Commission Science and Education Division 　　　　　　　　　　0551-62998587

Technical support of housing and training information management system　　0551-62530721

Anhui province health health Committee

June 29, 2020

(Information disclosure form: voluntary disclosure)

　

　

　

Standardized training of residents in Anhui Province in 2020 and

Implementation plan for training and recruiting assistant general practitioners

　

In order to implement the "Implementation Opinions on Establishing a Standardized Training System for Residents in Anhui Province"[2015] No.183), strengthen the management of standardized training for residents/training for assistant general practitioners, ensure the unified, scientific, standardized and orderly training and recruitment, and ensure the quality of training and recruitment. This plan is formulated according to the relevant policy requirements of the state and our province.

First, the recruitment plan

In 2020, the standardized training program for residents in our province enrolled 3386 people, including 3066 people in western medicine and 320 people in Chinese medicine. The training program for assistant general practitioners enrolled 280 people, including 200 in clinical category and 80 in traditional Chinese medicine category.

See Annex 1 for the enrollment plan of standardized resident training/assistant general practitioner training in Anhui Province in 2020, Annex 2 for the enrollment plan of order-oriented medical student training, and Annex 3 for the assignment table of the specialties in short supply in cities and counties directly under the provincial government.

Second, the object of recruitment

Recruiting objects are divided into two types: training objects appointed by the unit (hereinafter referred to as "unit people") and socialized personnel (hereinafter referred to as "social people").

(1)Recruiting target of standardized training for residents

1. Basic conditions (one of the following conditions is enough)

(1) Graduates with bachelor’s degree or above who have been or intend to be engaged in clinical medical work in full-time colleges and universities majoring in medicine (referring to clinical medicine, stomatology, traditional Chinese medicine and integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, the same below).

(2) Persons who have been engaged in clinical medical work and obtained the qualification of medical practitioners and need to be trained.

2. Application conditions and requirements

(1) applicants must be qualified as medical practitioners or registered as medical practitioners.Case, and has not obtained the certificate of standardized training for residents of junior or no title personnel.

(2) inPostgraduates with professional degrees and scientific degrees are not included in the scope of this recruitment.

(3) The professional categories (clinical, oral and traditional Chinese medicine) applied for should be consistent with the professional categories studied.

(4) The employer must obtain the consent of the appointing unit before applying for the exam, and the information about the training specialty, training base hospital and so on must be consistent with the letter of introduction stamped by the employer. Professional (base) volunteers are limited to 1 and base (hospital) volunteers are limited to 3.

(5) Social people fill in their volunteers according to their own reality, and the number of professional volunteers (bases) is limited to 3, and the number of base volunteers (hospitals) is limited to 3.

(6) In principle, the training objects appointed by primary medical and health institutions are limited to general practice, and the training objects appointed by central township hospitals can also apply for internal medicine.

(7) The 2020 rural order-oriented free medical undergraduate graduates must apply for the standardized training of general practice residents in a unified way.

(B) Assistant General Practitioner Training Recruiters

1. Basic conditions

Full-time graduates of medical majors (referring to clinical medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, the same below) who have been or intend to engage in clinical medical work.

2. Application conditions and requirements

(1）Applicants must beJunior or non-professional personnel.

(2）Enter oneself for an examination professional category (clinical, Chinese medicine) should be consistent with the professional category.

(3) The employer must obtain the consent of the appointing unit before applying for the exam, and a letter of introduction issued by the employer for agreeing to apply for the exam is required for qualification examination.

(4）twentytwentyThe rural order-oriented free medical college graduates must be in units.Enter oneself for an examination in person modeAttend assistant general practitioner training.

Third, the recruitment process

The recruitment work is carried out in accordance with the procedures of online registration, qualification examination, examination admission and publicity registration.

(1) Examination registration

This exam adopts online registration, and the applicants log on to the information management system platform of resident training in Anhui Province (http://220.178.116.78:9889/）To register, the registration start and end time is8: 00 on July 6th, 2020-17:30 on July 10th.

(2) Qualification examination

From July 6 to July 11, 2020, the applicants went to the first volunteer base hospital for on-site qualification examination.

From July 13 to July 16, 2020, the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee organized relevant personnel to review the qualifications of those who passed the preliminary qualification examination of each base hospital, and determined those who took the examination.

At the time of on-site qualification examination, applicants are required to provide the following materials:

1. A printed and signed Registration Form for Admission Examination for Standardized Training of Residents/Training of Assistant General Practitioners in Anhui Province in 2020 (printed directly from the platform after registration);

2. One original and one copy of the ID card;

3. One original and one copy of the certificate of bachelor degree or above, or one original and one copy of the qualification certificate of medical practitioner.

4. Letter of introduction from the unit (provided by the unit).

(3) Print the admission ticket

From 8: 00 on July 20, 2020 to 17:30 on July 24, 2020, qualified personnel logged on the platform of Anhui resident training information management system to print the admission ticket.

(4) Examination admission

The examination method is a comprehensive written medical examination, with unified proposition and marking in the whole province. The examination categories are divided into five categories: clinical medicine, stomatology, traditional Chinese medicine, clinical assistant general practice and traditional Chinese medicine assistant general practice. Examination time:From 9: 00 am to 11: 30 am on July 25, 2020, see the admission ticket for the examination place.

followThe principle of "openness, fairness, merit-based admission and two-way selection", according to the examination results of candidates, according to the voluntary priority to determine the admission training targets. If the base hospital or the corresponding major fails to complete the enrollment plan, it will be transferred from the staff who obey the transfer; Accommodation and training transfer admission gives priority to meeting the urgent and scarce professional needs of general practice, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology.

(five) publicity report

After the recruitment, the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee will publicize the results of the recruitment to the public in a timely manner.

After receiving the official list of admission personnel, the training base shall inform the trainees of the registration time and related requirements in time. The training time starts from the date of training, and serves as the basis for enjoying relevant financial subsidies. The training object appointed by the unit shall be signed by the appointing unit, the training base and the training object (Annex4 or Annex 6), the trainees must return to their original units after the training, and the training base shall not retain the trainees appointed by the units; The training base signs a training agreement (Annex 5 or Annex 7) with the trainees who are recruited for the society, and the files are placed in the talent exchange center designated by the training base. After the training, the trainees choose their own jobs. Those who can’t report on time must have justified reasons and relevant certificates, and ask for leave from the training base hospital, and postpone the corresponding training time after reporting; Those who fail to report for a week without reason will be disqualified from the training and will be deemed to have withdrawn from the training on their own.

Fourth, requirements

(a) forImplement the State Council’s deployment of novel coronavirus epidemic prevention and control and the requirements of the provincial party Committee and the provincial government to ensure thatDuring the examination, the life safety and physical health of the majority of candidates and examination staff are ensured, and the examination and assessment work is carried out smoothly. All localities and units should strictly follow the implementation of the COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control work plan during the standardized training and examination of residents (see Annex8）。

(two) municipalities and counties directly under the jurisdiction of the Health and Health Committee should strengthen leadership and raise awareness, and do a good job in the publicity and guidance of standardized training policies for residents; Supervise the medical institutions within the jurisdiction to actively mobilize and send qualified personnel to sign up for the training, and ensure that in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and our province’s health science and education secret [[2015] No.183 requires the implementation of relevant treatment for trainees. It is necessary to actively select personnel from medical institutions at all levels to participate in the standardized training of general practitioners/assistant general practitioners, focus on the construction of general practitioners, and at the same time take into account the selection of training in pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, etc.Ensure the completion of the recruitment task of the shortage of majors.Formulate a tilt policySupport personnel who meet the training requirements in underdeveloped areas and poverty-stricken counties such as Dabie Mountain Revolutionary Old District and northern Anhui to participate in the training. Strengthen the pairWork supervisor of subordinate base,Do a good job in the implementation of recruitment and training.

(2) Medical institutions at all levels should mobilize qualified personnel to actively register, and the appointed units should determine the future professional positions of the dispatched personnel before registering. The letter of introduction should specify the corresponding training majors, and individuals and units may not apply for adjustment of training majors unless due to force majeure. After the training, the appointed unit will carry out its post in strict accordance with the training specialty determined by the letter of introduction. Establish and improve the relevant systems, strengthen the management of the training objects sent by the unit, and do a good job of communication and communication during training; Formulate corresponding incentive policies and safeguard measures, timely pay or distribute the post salary, salary scale salary, social insurance, housing accumulation fund and corresponding welfare that the dispatched unit should bear according to the regulations, and ensure the implementation of the treatment stipulated in the policy during the training period.

(III) Each training base shall, in accordance with the requirements, formulate its own recruitment brochure, publicize the characteristics, characteristics and advantages of the base, clarify the base treatment of trainees, formulate preferential policies for applicants with major shortage and social people, improve the enrollment rate and admission rate of major shortage and the proportion of students with social people, and strive to complete various recruitment plans. Carefully review the registration qualifications, make early preparations for new students to enter the base, and ensure that the registration and pre-job training are successfully completed within the prescribed time limit; Sign the training agreement in time to ensure that all kinds of subsidies are paid in place during the training of the trainees. The completion of the recruitment plan of each training base, especially the completion of the tasks of the shortage of majors such as general practice, will serve as an important basis for the dynamic management of training bases, financial subsidies, striving for Excellence and the allocation of enrollment places in the next year.

(four) improve the integrity system of standardized training for residents, and will be informed of dishonest behavior. Once verified, the applicants who practise fraud in the training and recruitment work will be disqualified from registration and training, andWithin 3 years (2 years for assistant general practitioners), you may not enroll in standardized training for residents or enter standardized training for residents in other forms (such as applying for professional degree graduate students, etc.); For the admitted trainees (subject to the public list), if they fail to report for duty or quit the training after reporting for duty due to personal and non-force majeure reasons, they shall not sign up for standardized training for residents within 3 years (2 years for assistant general practitioners) or enter the standardized training for residents in other forms (such as applying for professional degree graduate students). If the unit person withdraws from the training due to the reasons of the unit, it will be included in the target assessment of the city or unit, and will be linked to the performance appraisal of public hospitals. For the training base that violates discipline and discipline in the recruitment and training work, informed criticism will be given until its base qualification is cancelled, depending on the seriousness of the case.

　

Attachment:1. Standardized training for residents in Anhui Province in 2020/Assistant General Practitioner

Training enrollment schedule

2.2020 order-oriented medical student training enrollment schedule

3.2020 Assignment Table for Specialties in Shortage in Cities

4. Standardized Training Agreement for Residents in Anhui Province (unit)

5. Standardized training agreement for residents in Anhui Province (social person)

6. Anhui Assistant General Practitioner Training Agreement (unit)

7. Anhui Assistant General Practitioner Training Agreement (social person)

8. COVID-19 epidemic situation during standardized training and examination for residents.Prevention and control work plan

Attachment 1-1: Allocation Table of Anhui Resident Standardized Training Enrollment Plan in 2020. xlsx
Attachment 1-2: Anhui Assistant General Practitioner Training Enrollment Schedule in 2020. xls
Attachment 2: 2020 Order-Oriented Student Training Enrollment Schedule. xlsx
Attachment 3: Assignment Table for Major Selection in Shortage in Cities in 2020. xlsx
Attachment 4: Standardized Training Agreement for Residents in Anhui Province (unit). doc
Attachment 5: Standardized Training Agreement for Residents in Anhui Province (social person). doc
Attachment 6: Anhui Assistant General Practitioner Training Agreement (unit). doc
Attachment 7: Anhui Assistant General Practitioner Training Agreement (social person). doc
Attachment 8: Work Plan for Epidemic Prevention and Control in COVID-19 during the Standardized Training and Examination for Residents. doc

　　In the crazy process of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China, grey means frequently appear. The GlaxoSmithKline case is just the tip of the iceberg. What are the criteria for multinational pharmaceutical companies to choose executives in China? What kind of deep background do they have?

　　After four senior executives of GlaxoSmithKline were detained, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Lilly and other giants were also investigated by relevant departments, and the bribery scandal of multinational pharmaceutical giants intensified.

　　Multinational pharmaceutical companies have been operating in China for 30 years. Facing the huge market in China, the development and expansion of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China is more like a long-planned war. From the initial joint venture, to merger and acquisition, sole proprietorship, setting up factories and R&D centers in China, even the executives in China have changed from foreigners to local elites.

　　From tourism to immigration, from interviews to papers, the "grey marketing techniques" of pharmaceutical companies have also exposed the tip of the iceberg.

　　How do multinational pharmaceutical companies operate in China, and what are the arrangements for the establishment of various functional departments? How can multinational pharmaceutical companies penetrate into China step by step by relying on their strong economic strength and powerful government lobbying ability? What is the background of executives of multinational pharmaceutical companies?

　　Department secrets

　　The outbreak of GSK’s China Wo case presented a roadmap for a foreign company to promote drugs by illegal means in China. Zhao Hongyan, director of the legal department, liang hong, vice president and general manager of enterprise operation, Huang Hong, general manager of business development enterprise operation, and Zhang Guowei, president and director of human resources department, who are known as "GSK China Troika", were investigated by the public security department. Why did GSK executives in China collectively fall?

　　The reporter found that there is a very clear division of labor among mainstream European and American pharmaceutical foreign companies. The medical management of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China has been covered with political color.

　　A deputy general manager of a domestic pharmaceutical company told reporters, "Every multinational pharmaceutical company has different ways to play. The national market layout of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China is basically where the government relations built by the enterprises themselves extend. Considering the operation and security of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China, one of the main tasks of government relations management is short-term arrangement, medium-term plan and long-term plan, and there is a special annual budget for the expansion and maintenance of government relations. "

　　"Simply relying on market operation is not enough to maintain the production and development of enterprises. For example, the bidding management of provinces, the selection of essential drugs, the addition of medical insurance catalogues, and the new GMP standards will all be controlled and influenced by relevant national policies. Therefore, on the first day of investment in China, multinational pharmaceutical companies in Europe and the United States regard influencing government-related decision-making departments as their most important task. " A staff member of a medical association told reporters.

　　Pharmaceutical enterprises build their own government relations network nationwide, on the one hand, relying on the government relations department of the company, on the other hand, giving full play to the personal connections and business capabilities of resident marketers, and on the other hand, relying on the commercial customers of pharmaceutical enterprises.

　　An industry insider who did not want to be named said, "Multinational pharmaceutical companies are even more aware of the layout of approval power before and after the reform than government officials, and their familiarity with policies, laws and regulations is much higher than that of domestic pharmaceutical companies."

　　There are 11 departments in China headquarters of GSK. The four departments involved in this case are Legal Affairs, Human Resources, Business Development and Enterprise Operation. What is the department setup and division of responsibilities of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China?

　　The Ministry of Government Affairs is mainly responsible for developing and carrying out related work with National Medical Products Administration, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Price Bureau, the industrial and commercial departments, the Ministry of Justice and other government functional departments, and establishing and maintaining good communication and contact with relevant units and departments. For example, be responsible for the company’s product declaration and selection in the national or local basic medical insurance drug list, and ensure that the company’s products are selected in the trade name list or synonym library in relevant regions; Responsible for the bidding and winning of the company’s products in relevant regions of the country, improve market access, and ensure that the company’s products have good channel environment and policy environment support.

　　The Ministry of Public Affairs is mainly responsible for the work in the media and public propaganda. Publicize the public through some influential media or propaganda tools, such as newspapers, magazines, radio and television, and shape public opinion, thus affecting the decision-making of government departments or legislatures. In addition, carry out social welfare projects advocated by the government to shape the positive image of enterprises. Some common problems are provided to the legislature or decision-making body as experts and scholars or as alliance groups through industry associations, industry media, academic groups, etc.

　　Medical registration department, mainly dealing with new drugs on the market and National Medical Products Administration. Get more guidance and help from the national level, improve the efficiency of pharmaceutical companies in research and development, registration and approval of new drugs, and obtain policy support for existing products.

　　Business development department, mainly dealing with local pharmaceutical wholesale companies and price departments. Provide accurate and continuous information, trends and related policy analysis for internal departments of the company; Drafting opinions and supporting materials to provide reference and necessary support for other internal departments to negotiate with the official; Ensure the stability of the price system of pharmaceutical products.

　　The legal department is mainly responsible for dealing with the legal troubles that the company may face. Based on the long-term research on the policy and market of pharmaceutical industry, it provides policy judgments for pharmaceutical companies in their business decisions. Because multinational pharmaceutical companies are familiar with the laws of China, they directly contact legislators or government officials with decision-making power through formal meetings or other means, such as cooperating with the government to present the company’s position and views on behalf of the company, provide relevant information and share practical experience, so as to influence the decision-making of the government or legislative departments.