CCTV News:Recently, many places have entered the high season of respiratory infectious diseases, among which mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is still the "mainstream". Some people choose to buy mycoplasma pneumoniae self-test boxes online for testing because they are worried that going to the hospital for examination may cause cross-infection. Is the test result of this self-test box accurate? Is self-test positive equal to infection?

　　CCTV reporter Hao Jiaqi:The mycoplasma pneumoniae IGM antibody detection kit comprises a diluent, a test card and a straw. When in use, drop blood on the test card and wait for 10 minutes to get a result.

　　On the Internet, some consumers shared their experience of using the self-test box, and some people thought it was convenient and quick, which reduced the risk of cross-infection. However, some people report that it is difficult to operate and the results are not accurate in the process of use. Experts said that at present, most of the self-test boxes sold on e-commerce platforms use colloidal gold and immunochromatography to detect IGM antibodies or antigens of mycoplasma pneumoniae, which can make people quickly judge whether they are infected with the virus, but their accuracy and sensitivity are uncertain.

　　Lang Zhongping, Deputy Chief Technician of pulmonary hospital Laboratory:In particular, the interpretation of the latter results may be misleading to citizens and friends. At present, the test results of IGM antibody against Mycoplasma pneumoniae on the market are often negative for people with low immunity or people in the window of infection. On the contrary, if the test result is positive, it does not mean that this infection is caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae, and it is likely to be a previous infection. Therefore, I don’t recommend citizens to buy these test boxes for self-test.

　　According to experts, there are strict guidelines and procedures for the diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae in clinic. In addition to laboratory tests, imaging tests and routine tests are also very important, which plays an auxiliary role in the diagnosis and treatment of doctors. If symptoms appear, you can prescribe the right medicine, but follow-up should closely observe whether it develops to severe disease.

　　Lang Zhongping, Deputy Chief Technician of pulmonary hospital Laboratory:After taking these drugs symptomatic, the fever did not subside, and there were some severe coughs, or chest tightness and dyspnea. However, after symptomatic treatment, some children are depressed, don’t want to eat, and have a wheezing phenomenon. They should go to the hospital as soon as possible for treatment.

　　Experts remind that winter is the season of high incidence of respiratory diseases, and citizens should pay attention to the prevention of diseases, such as washing hands frequently, ventilation, wearing masks and keeping warm.

　　When should parents take their children to see a doctor?

　　When should parents take their children to see a doctor if they have symptoms of suspected respiratory infection? What should I pay attention to when I see a doctor?

　　Experts remind that at present, the children who see a doctor are mainly influenza, and there are also mixed infections of mycoplasma pneumoniae, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus and other viruses. Whether to take children to the hospital or not, body temperature and mental state are the two most important indicators to judge.

　　Ye Leping, Chief Physician of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital:For example, the child has a low fever and occasional cough. If the symptoms are not too serious, don’t rush to the hospital for the time being. If the fever exceeds 38.5℃ and lasts for more than 48 hours, especially for infants under three years old with high fever and cough, they need to see a doctor in time. Even if some children don’t have high fever, they are advised to see a doctor in time if they have listlessness, loss of appetite, vomiting and diarrhea, and even difficulty breathing and ruddy complexion.

　　Experts remind parents that in the process of seeing a doctor, if there are previous examination results in other medical institutions, it is recommended to bring them, so as to save the time of examination and waiting. At the same time, it is suggested to record the information such as the child’s medication, the highest temperature of fever, the course of disease and symptoms, and inform the doctor at the time of treatment, so as to better help the doctor to clearly understand the child’s situation and deal with it.

　　During the hospital visit, parents should wear masks for their children to avoid increasing the risk of cross-infection. When they get home, they should wash their hands in time and disinfect their clothes. In the process of home care for children, we should pay attention to opening windows and ventilation, try to avoid going to crowded places and keep a certain social distance.

　　Does the child have a bad cough for a long time and need to see a doctor again?

　　Many children have symptoms of cough after the respiratory infection has improved, and even have a bad cough for a long time. Does this situation require a second visit to the doctor and how to deal with it?

　　First of all, it should be clear that cough is a symptom and a protective reflex, not an independent disease. Cough is caused by other diseases, and respiratory secretions and foreign bodies in the airway can be removed by coughing. Generally speaking, it is to clean up the "garbage" in the respiratory tract. If the child’s cough is not very severe and frequent, you can observe it first. If the cough gradually eases, there is no need to go to the hospital again.

　　Sang Tian, Deputy Chief Physician of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital:This is called post-infection cough, especially after mycoplasma infection. Cough can last for a long time. If the child coughs very heavily, resulting in suffocation or even coughing up too much phlegm, it is still necessary to come to the hospital to adjust the medication, but it does not necessarily mean that the longer the cough after infection, the more serious the infection. This is not directly related.

　　If the heavy cough affects sleep, you can use atomized or cough-relieving and expectorant drugs suitable for children to relieve it under the guidance of a doctor. If the cough lasts for more than one month, it is recommended to see a doctor in time and do relevant examinations under the guidance of a doctor.

　　　　Zotye bought out Fiat’s four vehicle platforms as early as around 2008, among which Dream Bolandi, which is currently on sale, was the first to be listed. However, this car belongs to a wide-body single-compartment model. Although it uses a car chassis, the sedan can be regarded as a "complete" car for Chinese, while the Zotye version of Lancia Alipula, which appeared in the catalogue at the beginning of last year, was delayed and finally disappeared until this year’s Beijing.

Zotye Langlang hatchback

Zotyelang Series 1.3L Catalogue

　　　　Although JNJ7131 is a brand-new catalog number, at present, only Zotye 5008 is able to assemble a 1.3L engine under Zotye. Obviously, this small SUV model can’t be included in the car system and registered with the passenger car number with the prefix "7", and the weight of Dream Blondie obviously can’t be promoted by the 1.3L model. As for Zotye Lipra, it has been more than a year since the catalog appeared, and the signs of listing are still invisible. The only one that can match the 1.3L is Lang Jun, who made his debut at this year’s Beijing Auto Show. Moreover, the information disclosed by Lang Jun at the auto show also indicates that its powertrain will mainly be 1.3L. However, the latest information shows that Zotye plans to launch its newly-released Lang Lang sedan on the market first, and its identity is Lang Jun’s hatchback version, so the hatchback version of Lang Jun may appear in this catalogue, not Lang Jun..

　　　　
Zotyelang Series 1.3L Catalogue

　　　In terms of power, Zotye has made long-term preparations. Both the 1.3L and 1.6L engines have been fully verified on Zotye 5008. It will abandon Mitsubishi 4G1 engine and match its own RN413EF engine. Of course, this machine, like most self-owned brands, takes the existing mature foreign products as the main reference object, with a displacement of 1342mL, a power of 65Kw/6000rpm and a torque of 115 nm.

Langjun sedan

　　　　Lang Lang is a new hatchback small car built by Zotye Automobile. Its shape design is very sporty. The new car has a length/width/height of 3826/1610/1446mm and a wheelbase of 2385mm respectively. However, it is believed that most people feel deja vu. Yes, it is also one of the models traded between Zotye and Fiat a few years ago. Its prototype is Pyrio. Although it has undergone moderate "plastic surgery", its structure has not changed much. The main focus of improvement is to focus on the "Pyrio" of the front face, and at the same time, the interior has been greatly improved.

Langjun sedan

　　　　When it comes to Lang Lang, you have to mention Lang Jun, who appeared at the Beijing Auto Show. Although there is no detailed information about Lang Jun, the whole model is not unfamiliar, and it is very similar to the Pailang sedan produced by Nanqi.

Zotye Langlang data map

Zotye Langlang data map

　　　　As for the market prospect, it depends on Zotye’s final pricing. The estimated pre-sale price of 50,000 yuan is obviously too high. We should know that its biggest disadvantage is that there are too many competitors besides its brand awareness. At present, it can be compared with Geely Freedom Ship, Chery A1, Qiyun 1, Jianghuai Tongyue, Great Wall Dazzling, Shanghai GM New Sail and many other models with similar sizes, which are only similar in size. In the price range of 50,000 yuan, almost all the self-owned brand models have entered, and the higher-level Qiyun 3, FRV, F3, etc. are the heavyweight rivals that Zotye can’t compete with, and the starting price below 50,000 yuan is the only way out for it to open the market.

　

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1. Zotye Edition is 6-by-1.3L in the catalogue?

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　　　 Extended reading:The declaration map of Zhongtailang series hatchbacks listed during the year was exposed.

　　　 The "Lang" series sedan released by Zotye Automobile Company at the Beijing Auto Show recently exposed the declaration map of the "Lang" series hatchback on the Internet, which means that this new car will be mass-produced and listed in the near future.

　
　"Lang" series hatchback version declaration drawing

　　　　When this car was exhibited at the Beijing Auto Show, it attracted many people’s attention because its front face design looked like the front face of Golf 6.

　"Lang" series hatchback version declaration drawing

　　　　In terms of power, the three models of Zotye "Lang" series will be equipped with 1.3-liter, 1.5-liter and 1.6-liter engines, with a 5-speed manual gearbox and a CVT gearbox.

Zotye Sanxiang Langjun

　　　　In terms of configuration, the "Lang" series of new cars will be equipped with leather seats, multi-function steering wheel, automatic air conditioning, remote control windows, remote control keys, 6-disc CD audio system supporting MP3, etc.

Zotye Sanxiang Langjun

　　　　It is reported that the "Lang" series of sedan products, the Langjun model is expected to go on sale this year, and this new car based on Palio has not yet been officially named. Zotye will publicly sign its name to riders all over the country through the Internet, and strive to go public this year.

　　　　Editor’s comment:Based on the design of Palio and Siena, this new car has undergone a new interpretation, which makes us look forward to the first family car produced by Zotye.

　

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2. Zotye Golf will be listed within 6 years.

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The administrative offices of the Union, the Municipal People’s Government, the commissions, offices, departments and bureaus of the autonomous region, and major enterprises and institutions:

With the consent of the people’s government of the autonomous region, the Emergency Plan for Plague Control in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2020 Edition) is hereby issued to you, please conscientiously implement it according to the actual situation.

June 28, 2020

(This piece is publicly released)

Emergency plan for plague control in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

(2020 edition)

1 general rule

1.1 Purpose of compilation

Effectively prevent, respond quickly, control the outbreak and epidemic of plague in time, eliminate the harm of plague in time, protect people’s health and life safety, and maintain social, political and economic stability.

1.2 Compilation basis

People’s Republic of China (PRC) Infectious Disease Prevention Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Emergency Response Law, Public Health Emergency Regulations, Domestic Traffic Health Quarantine Regulations, National Plague Control Emergency Plan, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Endemic Disease Prevention Regulations, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Emergency Measures for Public Health Emergencies, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Overall Emergency Plan for Public Health Emergencies, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Emergency Plan for Public Health Emergencies, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Medical and Health Rescue Plan for Public Emergencies and other relevant plans.

1.3 working principles

Taking people’s health as the center, adhere to the principles of prevention first, combining prevention with control, scientific response, prevention and control according to law, cooperation of government leaders and departments, territorial management, graded responsibility, social participation, mass prevention and control, rapid response and strong guarantee.

1.4 Scope of application

This plan is applicable to the emergency preparation and emergency disposal of plague epidemic in the administrative area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

1.5 Classification of plague epidemic situation

According to the location, disease type, number of cases, epidemic scope and trend, and the degree of harm to society, plague epidemics are divided into particularly serious plague epidemics (Grade I), major plague epidemics (Grade II), major plague epidemics (Grade III), general plague epidemics (Grade IV) and animal plague epidemics (Grade V).

1.5.1 particularly serious plague epidemic (Grade I)

One of the following circumstances is a particularly serious plague epidemic (level I):

(1) Pneumonic plague occurs in large and medium-sized cities and tends to spread;

(2) The associated pneumonic plague epidemic has spread to more than two provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and there is a trend of further spread;

(3) The loss of virulent strain of Yersinia pestis occurred.

1.5.2 Major plague epidemic (Grade II)

One of the following circumstances is a major plague epidemic (Grade II):

(1) cases of pneumonic plague occurred in Hohhot or the seat of Baotou municipal government, and there was a tendency to spread;

(2) More than 5 cases of pneumonic plague or septicemic plague occurred within an average incubation period (6 days, the same below) within the administrative area of a county (city, district);

(3) The associated pneumonic plague epidemic spread to more than two counties (cities, districts), and there is a trend of further spread;

(4) An epidemic of bubonic plague occurred in the administrative area of one county (city, district), and more than 20 cases occurred continuously in one average incubation period, or the epidemic scope spread to more than two allied cities.

1.5.3 Large plague epidemic (Grade III)

One of the following circumstances is a large plague epidemic (Grade III):

(1) The cases of pneumonic plague occurred in the seat of the municipal government of the Union except Hohhot and Baotou, and there was a tendency to spread;

(2) In the administrative area of a county (city, district), there are 1-4 cases of pneumonic plague or septicemia plague in an average incubation period;

(3) An epidemic of bubonic plague occurred in the administrative area of one flag county (city, district), with 10-19 consecutive cases within an average incubation period, or the epidemic scope spread to more than two flag counties (cities, districts).

1.5.4 General plague epidemic (Grade IV)

One of the following circumstances is the general plague epidemic (level IV):

(1) an animal plague epidemic occurred within 25km around the city where the Union municipal government is located;

(2) bubonic plague occurred in the administrative area of a county (city, district), and the number of cases in an average incubation period was 1-9.

1.5.5 Plague epidemic situation among animals (level V)

One of the following circumstances is the plague epidemic among animals (level V):

(1) Detection of Yersinia pestis from host animals or vector fleas;

(2) The nucleic acid in the host animal or vector flea is positive, and the antigen is positive at the same time;

(3) According to the provisions of the Criterion of Natural Plague Focuses and Animal Plague Epidemic (GB 16883—1997), the positive antibody was detected by indirect hemagglutination test, and reached the criterion of animal plague epidemic;

(4) Indirect hemagglutination test antibody positive serum was detected in unknown plague foci during the search of epidemic foci.

2 Organization and management

2.1 Organization

The people’s governments at all levels lead the plague prevention and control work in their respective administrative areas, and the principal responsible persons of the government should personally take the lead, shoulder their responsibilities, stick to their posts, and take effective measures to resolutely curb the spread of the epidemic. The relevant departments of the people’s governments at all levels shall be responsible for the work related to the prevention and control of plague and emergency response within the scope of their respective duties, and form a joint prevention and control work pattern.

2.1.1 plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region.

In accordance with the responsibilities and the provisions of this plan, the people’s government of the autonomous region is responsible for organizing, leading, coordinating and directing the emergency response to the plague epidemic in the whole region. When a particularly serious plague epidemic occurred, the people’s government of the autonomous region established the plague emergency headquarters of the autonomous region according to the actual needs of emergency response work, with the vice-chairman of the people’s government of the autonomous region in charge of health and health work as the commander-in-chief of plague emergency headquarters of the autonomous region, and the deputy secretary-general of the people’s government of the autonomous region or the deputy director of the general office of the people’s government of the autonomous region and the director of the health and health commission of the autonomous region as the deputy commander-in-chief. The plague emergency headquarters Office of the Autonomous Region is located in the Health and Health Commission of the Autonomous Region. The director of the office is concurrently the deputy director of the Health and Health Commission of the Autonomous Region, and the members are the responsible persons of the member units. According to the actual situation, the commander-in-chief, deputy commander-in-chief and member units of plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region can be adjusted. When necessary, the headquarters can be centralized.

The members of the headquarters include: the Propaganda Department of the Party Committee of the Autonomous Region, the Internet Information Office, the Foreign Affairs Office, the General Office of the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region, the Health and Wellness Commission, the Development and Reform Commission, the Education Department, the Science and Technology Department, the Public Security Department, the Finance Department, the Civil Affairs Department, the Ecological Environment Department, the Transportation Department, the Industry and Information Technology Department, the Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department, the Commerce Department, the Culture and Tourism Department, the Emergency Management Department, the Market Supervision Bureau, the Forestry and Grass Bureau, the Medical Insurance Bureau,

2.1.2 Union City and counties (cities, districts) plague emergency headquarters.

It is composed of the people’s government at the corresponding level and relevant departments, with the main leaders of the people’s government at the corresponding level as the chief commander, and the leaders of the government in charge of health, forestry, public security, transportation and other work as the deputy chief commander. The member units of the headquarters refer to the members of plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region.

2.2 Division of responsibilities

2.2.1 responsibilities of plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region.

Responsible for the unified leadership and unified command of emergency response to particularly serious and major plague epidemics, make major decisions on handling plague epidemics, implement prevention and control funds and coordinate material support, and formulate epidemic prevention and control strategies in accordance with national requirements; Determine designated medical and health institutions, set up various prevention and control expert groups at the autonomous region level, and provide technical support for prevention and control work; To carry out supervision and inspection of prevention and control work; Responsible for the release of plague epidemic information in the whole region.

The division of responsibilities of each member unit is as follows:

The Propaganda Department of the Party Committee of the Autonomous Region and the Information Office: In accordance with the unified deployment of plague epidemic control, do a good job in publicity and reporting on epidemic disposal, correctly guide public opinion, strengthen supervision and guidance on online information release, and investigate and deal with illegal information according to law. Actively carry out the propaganda and popularization of plague prevention knowledge, and raise public awareness of epidemic prevention and health care.

The Foreign Affairs Office of the Party Committee of the Autonomous Region: Assist the functional departments to do a good job in foreign-related affairs related to plague emergency response, help solve the concerns of overseas media and other institutions on the epidemic situation, and assist in receiving the inspection of international organizations.

General Office of the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region: convey the requirements of the leaders of the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region on the disposal of plague epidemic, and coordinate relevant departments to do relevant work.

Autonomous Region Health and Wellness Committee: responsible for organizing the formulation of plague prevention and control technical plans, organizing the implementation of plague emergency medical treatment and various prevention and control measures, and inspecting and supervising related work; Responsible for the technical guidance of sanitary treatment in epidemic areas and make a comprehensive assessment of the epidemic situation; According to the needs of plague prevention and control work, put forward suggestions on isolating and blocking plague epidemic areas according to law; Publish information on plague epidemic situation according to law; Organize patriotic health campaigns and health education.

Autonomous Region Development and Reform Commission: cooperate with the Autonomous Region Health and Wellness Commission to formulate the development plan for plague control; Support and cooperate with relevant departments to provide drugs and equipment for emergency epidemic treatment to epidemic areas, and timely organize the transportation of materials necessary for people’s production and life in epidemic areas.

Education Department of the Autonomous Region: To publicize and educate students and teaching staff about plague prevention and control.

Science and Technology Department of the Autonomous Region: Strengthen the construction of scientific and technological innovation platform for plague prevention and control, and increase support for key technologies for plague prevention and control.

Public security department of the autonomous region: assist in sealing off plague epidemic areas and strengthen public security management and security work in epidemic areas.

Autonomous Region Department of Finance: Make arrangements for plague prevention and control and emergency funds and timely allocate them, and strengthen fund management and supervision.

Civil Affairs Department of the Autonomous Region: Provide basic living assistance to plague patients who meet the conditions for assistance.

Department of Industry and Information Technology of the Autonomous Region: Cooperate with the Health and Health Commission of the Autonomous Region and the Food and Material Reserve Bureau to organize qualified industrial enterprises in the autonomous region to produce medicines, medical devices, protective and disinfection supplies and other materials needed for epidemic prevention. When the production capacity in the autonomous region cannot meet the demand, timely coordinate the enterprises with production capacity to build or change production, and ensure the material reserves in the whole region and the material needs necessary for the production and life of the people in the affected areas; Cooperate with Inner Mongolia Communication Administration to ensure communication.

Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department of the Autonomous Region: responsible for animal plague epidemic prevention and animal epidemic prevention supervision of livestock in plague-stricken areas, taking rodent control measures in agricultural areas to reduce rodent density.

Department of Commerce of the Autonomous Region: responsible for the emergency supply of important daily necessities in epidemic areas.

Department of Culture and Tourism of the Autonomous Region: Organize the whole tourism industry to do a good job in the prevention and emergency response of plague epidemic; Do a good job in the publicity and education of the basic knowledge of plague prevention and control in tourism professionals, especially in grassland tourism professionals and tourists, actively publicize and popularize the "three noes and three reports" of plague prevention and control, and effectively improve the self-prevention awareness and ability of the above people.

The Department of Transportation of the Autonomous Region, China Railway Hohhot Bureau Group Co., Ltd. and Civil Aviation Inner Mongolia Safety Supervision Bureau are responsible for the traffic health and quarantine work within their respective responsibilities in accordance with the Domestic Traffic Health and Quarantine Regulations and its implementation methods, and give priority to the transportation of plague epidemic handlers, medical equipment and related materials.

Hohhot Customs and Manzhouli Customs: When frontier health and quarantine is involved, it shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and its implementing rules; Strengthen port health quarantine. When there is a human plague epidemic, it is necessary to carry out port temperature monitoring and medical inspection, and do a good job in epidemic report, environmental disinfection and health education.

Autonomous Region Market Supervision Bureau: Strengthen market supervision and severely punish units and individuals that illegally purchase, sell and process plague host wild animals and their products in bazaars; Guide the market promoters and relevant animal products operators in the market to do a good job in self-discipline management.

Forestry and Grass Bureau of the Autonomous Region: responsible for monitoring the abnormal situation of terrestrial wild animals in epidemic areas, and assisting in the isolation of the epidemic areas when the plague epidemic occurs; Take rodent control measures in grassland areas to reduce the density of rodents.

Autonomous Region Medical Insurance Bureau: formulate policies, plans, standards and organize the implementation of medical insurance and medical assistance for plague epidemic prevention and control.

Security Bureau of Inner Mongolia Military Region and Inner Mongolia Armed Police Corps: Complete the task of handling the plague epidemic in the camp, and assist and support the local authorities to do a good job in epidemic control.

Aiwei Association of the Autonomous Region: responsible for carrying out protective rodent and flea control in cities, mobilizing the masses to carry out extensive actions of cleaning homes and environmental sanitation, strengthening the control of vectors, and doing a good job in urban and rural garbage management and toilet and sewage treatment.

Autonomous Region Red Cross Society: According to the needs of plague prevention and control emergency work, special fund-raising and humanitarian relief activities can be carried out; Give full play to the role of volunteers, assist relevant departments to carry out extensive publicity and popularization of plague prevention knowledge in enterprises, communities, villages and schools, and raise public awareness of self-protection.

Other relevant departments shall, according to the responsibilities of their own departments and the needs of plague emergency treatment, organize and do a good job in emergency material reserve, market supervision, pollution diffusion control and related work assigned by plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region.

2.2.2 Duties of the plague emergency headquarters in Union City and counties (cities, districts).

Responsible for the coordination and command of the emergency treatment of plague epidemic in this administrative area, make decisions on the treatment of plague epidemic in this administrative area, and decide on major measures to be taken. The relevant departments refer to the responsibilities of the member units of plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region, and do a good job in the emergency work of plague prevention and control.

2.2.3 Responsibilities of health administrative departments at all levels

Strengthen coordination and cooperation with relevant departments, establish inter-departmental information communication and fixed liaison system, communicate and negotiate with relevant departments in a timely manner, and form a joint prevention and control mechanism involving multiple departments.

The responsibilities of the Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of 2.2.1.

The administrative department of health of each Union city and counties (cities, districts) is responsible for directing, coordinating and managing the prevention and control of plague within their respective administrative areas; Formulate the plague emergency plan according to the local conditions; Implement prevention and control funds and organize emergency response to plague epidemic; Organize plague emergency training, drills and emergency prevention and control material reserves; Responsible for determining the designated medical institutions and doing a good job in the treatment of patients; Carry out supervision and inspection and health education; Organize patriotic health campaigns, etc.

2.2.4 Responsibilities of disease prevention and control institutions at all levels (professional institutions for plague prevention and control)

Responsible for the monitoring of plague epidemic situation, do a good job in collecting, reporting and analyzing epidemic information, and provide a basis for early warning. Do a good job in the monitoring of animal plague, and promptly give early warning after discovering the epidemic situation among animals, and deal with the epidemic spots in time; When a human epidemic occurs, formulate an epidemiological investigation plan and a technical plan for epidemic control; Carry out follow-up investigation on plague patients, suspected patients and their close contacts; Investigate and analyze the incidence and distribution characteristics of the population; Find out the source and route of infection, and put forward and implement targeted prevention and control measures; Timely report the situation to the health administrative department at the same level and the disease prevention and control institutions at higher levels (professional institutions for plague prevention and control). Conduct laboratory tests on plague samples and report the laboratory test results according to procedures.

The comprehensive disease prevention and control center of the autonomous region is responsible for the final re-judgment of Yersinia pestis in the whole region and the review of the laboratory test results of human plague cases.

2.2.5 Responsibilities of various medical and health institutions at all levels

Responsible for the monitoring, discovery and reporting of human plague, carry out specimen collection, cooperate with disease prevention and control institutions to carry out epidemiological investigation, be responsible for the training of medical staff in this institution, and do a good job in the prevention and control of nosocomial infection.

Grass-roots medical and health institutions should strengthen screening, reporting, isolation and registration of plague patients, and may not stay or refuse to consult without permission.

Designated medical institutions are responsible for the centralized treatment of plague in this area; Do a good job in the training of medical staff in this institution on diagnosis and treatment, disinfection and isolation, personal protection and other knowledge, and strictly implement the workflow; Do a good job in ensuring the personnel, medicines, facilities, equipment and protective equipment needed for medical treatment; Implement measures such as disinfection, hospital infection management and personal protection; Do a good job in hospital infection monitoring, and report and dispose of it in time; Do a good job in medical waste management and disposal; Do a good job in biosafety management and quality control of clinical laboratories.

2.2.6 Responsibilities of health supervision institutions at all levels

Responsible for the supervision and inspection of plague prevention and control work carried out by medical and health institutions in this area.

2.2.7 Duties of Hohhot Customs and Manzhouli Customs

In accordance with the relevant provisions of 2.2.1.

2.3 plague expert advisory group

2.3.1 Composition of plague expert advisory group

When a human epidemic occurs and emergency response of Grade I, II, III and IV is started, a plague expert advisory group shall be established. Relevant experts from the Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention of the Autonomous Region served as the head of the plague expert advisory group of the autonomous region. Members are composed of relevant experts such as the Center for Comprehensive Disease Prevention and Control of the Autonomous Region, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department, Forestry and Grass Bureau, Aiweihui Office, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Inner Mongolia Fourth Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University and universities. When an animal plague epidemic occurs, decide whether to set up an expert group according to the situation.

2.3.2 Responsibilities of plague expert advisory group

According to the epidemic situation, the expert group put forward opinions and suggestions on plague prevention, control and emergency response to emergency headquarters, providing a basis for the decision-making and deployment of the headquarters.

3 Monitoring and early warning

3.1 Plague monitoring

The Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region shall, in accordance with the unified regulations and requirements of the whole country and in combination with the actual situation in our region, organize the active monitoring of plague, strengthen the management and supervision of plague monitoring, and ensure the monitoring quality.

The Union Municipal Health and Health Committees shall organize and guide counties (cities, districts) to carry out active plague monitoring in accordance with the unified regulations and requirements of the autonomous region and the actual situation in the region, and strengthen the management and supervision of plague monitoring to ensure the monitoring quality.

3.1.1 Monitoring system

Establish a three-level plague monitoring system in autonomous regions, union cities and counties (cities, districts). According to the requirements of the National Plague Monitoring Program, the Center for Comprehensive Disease Prevention and Control of the Autonomous Region has formulated the Plague Monitoring Program for the whole region. The plague foci and monitoring areas shall carry out the daily monitoring of plague according to the requirements of the plague monitoring plan of the whole region. In areas with national plague monitoring points, the daily monitoring of plague shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the National Plague Monitoring Program.

3.1.2 Monitoring funds guarantee

The people’s government of the autonomous region is responsible for the necessary funds for the monitoring of plague epidemic; The Union Administrative Office, the Municipal People’s Government, and the people’s governments of counties (cities, districts) are responsible for monitoring the daily operating expenses.

3.2 Plague Warning Release

Health administrative departments at all levels shall timely release and release early warning information according to the harmfulness and urgency of plague epidemic reported by monitoring points. Early warning information includes: plague classification, early warning level, warning events, measures to be taken, starting time and issuing authority, etc.

3.2.1 Early warning issuing unit

According to the requirements of the national and autonomous region plague control emergency plan, health administrative departments at all levels shall timely release and adjust the early warning information according to the classification of plague epidemic warning. Level I early warning: National Health and Wellness Commission; Level II early warning: Autonomous Region Health and Wellness Committee; Level III early warning: Union Municipal Health and Health Commission; Level IV early warning: Qixian (city, district) Health and Wellness Committee.

3.2.2 Early warning classification

I-level early warning: I-level early warning will be started when a particularly serious plague epidemic (I-level) or a major plague epidemic (II-level) occurs.

Level II early warning: Level II early warning will be started when a large plague epidemic (level III) occurs.

Level III early warning: Level III early warning will be started in case of general plague epidemic (level IV).

Ⅳ early warning: In case of animal plague epidemic (Ⅴ), the Ⅳ early warning will be started.

3.2.3 Publishing objects

Level I early warning: The release target is determined by the National Health and Wellness Commission.

Level II early warning:

(1) released to the people’s governments and health administrative departments of 12 league cities and 103 counties (cities, districts) in the whole region;

(2) released to the member units of plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region;

(3) according to the affiliation and management authority to the autonomous region at all levels and all kinds of medical and health institutions;

(4) released to the provincial defense organizations and the health administrative departments of neighboring provinces (see Annex);

(5) release to the public;

(6) at the same time submitted to the National Health and Wellness Commission and the people’s government of the autonomous region.

Level III early warning:

(1) released to the people’s governments and health administrative departments of counties (cities, districts) under the jurisdiction of the Union City where the epidemic occurred;

(2) released to the member units of emergency headquarters Plague in Union City;

(3) according to the affiliation and management authority, release it to all kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels within the jurisdiction of the Union City where the epidemic occurred;

(4) release it to the joint defense organizations between the cities of the Union and the health administrative departments in the adjacent areas;

(5) release to the public;

(6) At the same time, it shall be submitted to the Health and Wellness Commission of the autonomous region and the people’s government at the corresponding level.

Ⅳ warning:

(1) to all kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels where the epidemic occurred;

(2) to the counties (cities, districts) between defense organizations or the health administrative departments in the adjacent areas;

(3) release to relevant departments and the public;

(4) At the same time, submit it to the health administrative department of the Union City and the people’s government at the same level.

3.2.4 Release time

After determining the epidemic situation and grading, early warning information should be released in time, and the longest time should not exceed 24 hours. The early warning time lasts until the end of the epidemic year, and it is decided whether to continue to the next year according to the epidemic situation.

3.2.5 Release Form

According to the release target, you can choose documents, conferences, official website, all kinds of mainstream media, announcements and other ways to release early warning information.

4 epidemic discovery, diagnosis and report

4.1 Information management

4.1.1 Improve the information management system for plague prevention and control in the whole region, build an information network covering disease prevention and control institutions or specialized agencies for plague prevention and control in autonomous regions, union cities and counties (cities, districts), and undertake the collection, processing, analysis and reporting of information related to plague epidemic.

4.1.2 Health administrative departments at all levels are responsible for the organization, implementation, management and platform construction of plague prevention and control management information work within their respective jurisdictions, constantly improving the plague prevention and control information management system within their respective jurisdictions, and providing necessary guarantee conditions for the normal operation of the system.

4.1.3 All kinds of medical and health personnel at all levels who perform their duties are responsible reporters of human plague epidemic.

4.1.4 Disease prevention and control institutions at all levels or plague prevention and control institutions shall be responsible for the monitoring, information reporting and management of plague epidemic within the scope of their responsibilities, and shall be responsible for collecting, analyzing and verifying epidemic information and other relevant information within their respective jurisdictions. Disease prevention and control institutions at all levels and specialized agencies for plague prevention and control are responsible reporting units for direct network reporting.

4.2 Discovery, diagnosis and reporting of human cases

4.2.1 Discovery of cases

If you have been to the above-mentioned areas in the plague-affected areas, historical epidemic areas or suspected plague-affected areas or within 10 days, you should pay attention to asking whether you have been to the plague-affected areas before the onset, whether you have been in contact with dead rats or other wild animals, and whether you have eaten rabbits and marmots. All patients with unknown diagnosis and one of the following symptoms are reported as suspected plague patients:

(1) Patients with high fever and unconsciousness;

(2) Patients with lymph node enlargement and severe pain and high fever without trauma infection;

(3) Patients with high fever accompanied by cough, chest pain and hemoptysis;

(4) Patients with high fever and skin blisters or ulcers.

4.2.1.1 has been to the above areas in plague epidemic areas, historical epidemic areas, suspected plague epidemic areas or within 10 days. Those who have a very short course of disease and die sharply should be reported as patients with sudden death.

4.2.1.2 medical institutions are responsible for collecting relevant clinical samples of cases, and sending the samples to local disease prevention and control institutions (specialized institutions for plague prevention and control) for relevant testing as soon as possible according to biosafety requirements.

4.2.2 Case confirmation

The laboratory test results of all plague cases need to be rechecked by the Center for Comprehensive Disease Prevention and Control of the autonomous region, and evaluated and confirmed by the expert group according to the clinical manifestations, epidemiological history and laboratory test results.

4.2.3 Case report

All kinds of medical institutions at all levels shall immediately report suspected cases of plague to local disease prevention and control institutions and health administrative departments. After receiving the report, the local disease prevention and control institutions should immediately investigate and verify. After judging the epidemic situation of human plague, they should report directly to the network within 2 hours according to the prescribed time limit. At the same time, after receiving the report, the local health administrative department should immediately report to the local people’s government and report to the health administrative department and the people’s government at the next higher level step by step until reporting to the National Health and Wellness Commission.

4.3 Confirmation and report of animal plague epidemic situation

4.3.1 The Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention of the Autonomous Region undertakes the re-judgment and identification of plague strains, and may authorize the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the League City (a professional organization for plague prevention and control) to undertake the re-judgment of nucleic acid positive samples and serum positive samples within its jurisdiction.

4.3.2 Report of animal epidemic situation

After the occurrence of animal plague is monitored at the monitoring point, it shall be immediately reported to the disease prevention and control institutions in counties (cities, districts). Counties (cities, districts) disease prevention and control institutions shall immediately verify after receiving the report. After judging the occurrence of animal plague epidemic, the responsible reporting unit shall report directly to the network within 6 hours in towns and towns, and within 12 hours in Sumu Township and Gacha Village. After receiving the report, the health administrative department of counties (cities, districts) shall immediately report to the local people’s government and report to the health administrative department at the next higher level.

5 emergency treatment

When an epidemic of human or animal plague occurs, the governments of counties (cities, districts), league cities and autonomous regions and their relevant departments at the place where the epidemic occurs shall make corresponding emergency response according to the principle of graded response. At the same time, according to the development trend of plague epidemic and the needs of prevention and control work, the response level should be adjusted in time to effectively control the plague epidemic and reduce the harm, and maintain the normal production and living order.

5.1 Measures to be taken for emergency treatment of animal plague epidemic (Grade V)

5.1.1 Start the emergency response to public health emergencies. After the Qixian (city, district) Health and Health Committee or the Union City Health and Health Committee organizes relevant experts to confirm, the Qixian (city, district) Health and Health Committee shall report to the Qixian (city, district) people’s government, and the Qixian (city, district) people’s government shall start an emergency response according to the animal plague epidemic (level V) and issue a level IV early warning at the same time.

5.1.2 Timely and standardized epidemic treatment. In principle, according to the type and epidemic intensity of plague epidemic among animals, the distance from towns, residential areas, traffic arteries, important areas, tourist attractions, etc., and the ecological characteristics of host animals, the treatment scope is determined according to local conditions, and rodent control and flea control are carried out quickly according to requirements, so as to achieve the standards of no rats, no holes and no fleas.

5.1.3 Strengthen the monitoring of plague among animals. We will continue to expand the scope of search with the epidemic as the center, carry out various laboratory tests in accordance with the laboratory biosafety regulations, and "check all the materials obtained" to improve the quality and skills of laboratory inspectors and improve the inspection quality.

5.1.4 Carry out rodent and flea control. Forestry and grass, agriculture and animal husbandry departments and patriotic health institutions should organize the protective rodent and flea control work in grasslands, agricultural areas and cities. Give full play to the advantages of mass prevention and control, mobilize grassland, land contractors, urban and rural residents and other people to actively participate, combine special groups, expand the scope of rodent control and flea control, increase the frequency and depth, and achieve full coverage without dead ends. At the same time, do a good job in the investigation of rat density and rodent damage before and after deratization, so as to provide a basis for scientific deratization and effect evaluation. All field construction sites, industrial and mining enterprises, tourist attractions and military areas within the scope of the epidemic focus should do a good job of rodent control and flea control in the scope of responsibility and surrounding areas under the guidance of relevant business.

5.1.5 Carry out plague epidemic risk assessment. According to the epidemic characteristics, occurrence areas and development trends, carry out the risk assessment of human plague epidemic in this area. Pay close attention to the dynamics of plague epidemic, focus on large-scale field construction projects in the epidemic focus, and put forward corresponding prevention and control measures.

5.1.6 Publicity and education and risk communication. Strengthen the publicity and education of plague prevention and control knowledge, and publicize the "three noes and three reports" through various channels and forms. Plague focus and its adjacent areas should focus on strengthening health behavior intervention for farmers and herdsmen, field workers, tourists and other groups, and effectively improve the people’s awareness and ability of self-prevention. Actively carry out public opinion monitoring, popularize the knowledge of epidemic prevention and control, solve doubts and doubts to the public in time, respond to social concerns, and do a good job in communication of epidemic prevention and control risks. It is necessary to strengthen health education and risk communication in key groups, key places and large-scale crowd gathering activities.

5.1.7 Strengthen the training of medical and health personnel. The health administrative departments of counties (cities, districts) should organize all kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels within their jurisdiction to carry out training on knowledge related to plague prevention and treatment, focusing on the knowledge of human plague identification, diagnosis and treatment, epidemic situation report, emergency plan implementation, hospital infection control, etc., so as to improve medical staff’s awareness of plague prevention and treatment, implement the responsibility system for first-visit doctors, and achieve early detection, early diagnosis, early reporting, early isolation, early treatment and on-site treatment.

5.1.8 Strengthen the pre-inspection and triage and the investigation of fever patients. All kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels should strengthen the management of pre-inspection and triage, establish a responsibility system for the investigation and reporting of plague patients, strictly implement the process of receiving and screening fever patients, and conscientiously implement the registration and reporting system for fever patients. Grass-roots medical and health institutions should strengthen the screening of patients with fever. If patients with fever of unknown reasons are found, they should take local isolation measures, register and report the patient information well, and it is strictly forbidden to stay in the clinic or refuse to consult without permission.

5.1.9 Emergency response in adjacent areas. The health administrative department in the area where the plague epidemic occurred should inform the health administrative department in the adjacent area of the epidemic situation and the measures taken in a timely manner. In areas adjacent to the plague epidemic, the risk assessment of human and animal plague epidemic in this area should be carried out according to the epidemic characteristics, occurrence area and development trend, and the possibility and degree of being affected in this area should be actively analyzed, and corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken.

5.2 Measures to be taken for emergency treatment of general plague epidemic (Grade IV)

5.2.1 Start the emergency response to public health emergencies. The counties (cities, districts) Health and Health Committee or the League Health and Health Committee shall organize relevant experts to confirm and report to the people’s government at the same level. The counties (cities, districts) people’s government shall start emergency response according to the general epidemic situation (level IV), and the League Health and Health Committee shall issue a level III warning. Counties (cities, districts) set up an epidemic prevention and control headquarters with the main leaders of the government as the chief commander, fully fulfilling the main responsibility of the territory, and at the same time starting the "three reports" system of zero epidemic report, daily report of illness and daily report of work progress.

5.2.2 Make every effort to treat patients. Adhere to the principle of "nearby, local treatment", "centralized patients, experts, resources and treatment", transfer patients to designated medical institutions at the county level with negative pressure ambulances, and carry out treatment according to the plague diagnosis and treatment plan, so as to improve the admission rate and reduce the mortality rate.

5.2.3 Strengthen the prevention and control of hospital infection. Medical institutions should strengthen isolation, disinfection and protection, and fully implement various measures to prevent nosocomial infection. Standardize the pre-inspection and triage, and do a good job in the hospital sense control of fever clinics, emergency departments and all other general wards (wards). Plague cases (including suspected cases and confirmed cases) and mild cases among infected people shall be treated in isolation, and suspected cases shall be treated in isolation in a single room. Medical institutions shall, in strict accordance with the Technical Specification for Disinfection of Medical Institutions, do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting medical devices, contaminated items, surfaces and floors; Carry out air disinfection according to the requirements of "Hospital Air Purification Management Standard". Medical waste generated in the process of diagnosis and treatment of plague patients should be disposed of and managed according to the relevant provisions of the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Waste and the Measures for the Administration of Medical Waste in Medical and Health Institutions.

5.2.4 Timely carry out the treatment of epidemic areas. In strict accordance with the "standards and principles for the treatment of human plague epidemic areas" (GB15978—1995), the epidemic areas were treated. In principle, take the residence of plague patients, suspected patients or plague corpses as the center, and delimit the surrounding areas that may be polluted as isolation circles, such as a courtyard and a house. Pastoral areas can divide a tent or several connected tents into isolation circles. When a patient (or corpse) occurs in an urban community, one of the buildings or an independent unit where the patient (or corpse) is located can be designated as an isolation circle. After the patient is transported, the disinfection and disposal of the isolation circle should be carried out, and the disease prevention and control institutions at higher levels should give guidance.

5.2.5 Rapid epidemiological investigation. When the disease prevention and control institutions in counties (cities, districts) receive reports of suspected cases and confirmed cases of plague from medical institutions or medical personnel, they shall complete the epidemiological investigation within 24 hours in accordance with the Plague Case Questionnaire, do a good job in judging and registering close contacts, and submit the epidemiological investigation and analysis report to the health administrative department at the same level and the disease prevention and control institutions in the Union City (professional institutions for plague prevention and control); Carry out a retrospective investigation of the source of infection.

5.2.6 Tracking and management of close contacts. By the counties (cities, districts) health administrative departments in conjunction with relevant departments to organize the implementation. Close contacts of suspected cases and confirmed cases shall be subject to centralized or isolated medical observation at home, and their body temperature shall be measured at least twice a day, and whether there are other related symptoms such as fever, cough, hemoptysis, lymphadenopathy and the progress of the disease. The medical observation period of close contacts is 9 days after the last contact with the case or infected person.

5.2.7 Preventive dosing. Preventive treatment of plague can be carried out for direct contacts of plague patients, people bitten by fleas in epidemic areas, people who come into contact with secretions and blood of infected animals and laboratory operations.

5.2.8 Fully control wild animals. Except for the need of maintaining public safety such as epidemic research and epidemic prevention and control, all wildlife hunting activities are prohibited, and the patrol and guarding work in the wild is strengthened. Severely punish illegal hunting of wild animals and crack down on indiscriminate hunting of wild animals. Do a good job in isolation, cleaning, sanitation and disinfection, monitoring and quarantine and epidemic prevention of artificial breeding units of wild animals, and block the contact between wild animals and poultry, livestock and people. Pay close attention to the health status of wild animals and do a good job in monitoring the epidemic focus and disease of wild animals. During the epidemic prevention and control period, wildlife trading is completely prohibited.

5.2.9 Strengthen the control of Gacha village (community). Give full play to the mobilization ability of Gacha village (community), implement grid and carpet management, prevent and control groups, and effectively implement the following comprehensive prevention and control measures:

(1) Organize mobilization. Gacha village (community) should establish an organization system for the prevention and control of plague epidemic, with cadres from Sumu township (street) and Gacha village (community) and doctors from primary medical and health institutions as the mainstay, encourage residents and volunteers to participate, form a part-time work team, implement grid and carpet management, and implement responsibility to people, and implement full coverage and implementation of Gacha village (community), natural village (residential area) and family.

(2) Health education. Make full use of various means to carry out targeted publicity on plague prevention and control knowledge, focusing on "three noes and three reports", so that the masses can fully understand the knowledge of plague prevention and control, master the key points of protection, form good habits, reduce travel (especially in the wild) and avoid contact with animals (especially wild animals).

(3) information notification. Release medical information to the public. Patients with symptoms such as cough, chest pain, high fever and swollen lymph nodes (pain) go to fever clinics, and suspected plague patients go to designated hospitals.

(4) Environmental sanitation management. In-depth patriotic health campaign, Gacha village (community) to carry out comprehensive prevention and control of vectors, mainly environmental remediation, supplemented by drug disinfection, to clean up residential quarters, garbage transfer stations, construction sites and other key places, deal with garbage and dirt, and eliminate the breeding environment of vectors such as rats and fleas. Organize and carry out comprehensive vector control and disinfection in time to effectively reduce the density of vector organisms.

(5) Material preparation. Gacha village (community) and families should prepare necessary articles and materials for prevention and control, such as rodenticide, thermometer, disinfection supplies, etc.

5.2.10 Other measures. At the same time, do a good job in the prevention and control of plague among animals according to 5.1.2-5.1.9.

5.3 Measures to be taken for emergency treatment of large plague epidemic (Grade III)

5.3.1 Start the emergency response to public health emergencies, and report it to the Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region, the Union Administrative Office and the Municipal People’s Government after being confirmed by relevant experts organized by the Union Municipal Health and Wellness Committee. The Union Administrative Office and the Municipal People’s Government will start the emergency response according to the major epidemic (level III), and the Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region will issue a level II warning. The League City established an epidemic prevention and control headquarters with the main leaders of the government as the chief commander, fully fulfilling the main responsibility of the territory. At the same time, the "three reports" system of zero report on epidemic situation, daily report on illness and daily report on work progress was launched.

5.3.2 Blocking epidemic areas according to law. For Sumu township (street) and Gacha village (community) designated as epidemic areas, measures can be taken to block the epidemic areas, restrict people from entering and leaving, and temporarily requisition houses and vehicles.

5.3.3 Reduce personnel flow and gathering.

(1) Strictly prevent transmission by means of transportation. Do a good job in the health management of trains, cars, airplanes, urban public transport and other key places such as stations, airports and passenger stations, ventilate and disinfect according to local conditions, and strictly implement prevention and control measures such as passenger temperature screening. Set up a check-up station, equipped with medical materials and professionals, to keep the plague patients and suspected patients found on the transportation for observation and isolation treatment. Do a good job in health quarantine of entry-exit vehicles and personnel, and prevent the import and export of epidemic situations.

(2) Reduce public gathering activities. Strengthen the management of large-scale public gathering activities, cancel or postpone all kinds of large-scale activities, close or stop opening cultural tourism facilities, and minimize large-scale public gathering. Hotels, restaurants, hotels, cultural and entertainment places, business units, public transport and other public places or other crowded places shall implement disinfection, ventilation and other prevention and control measures, and remind visitors and publicize and educate them on prevention and control knowledge.

5.3.4 Strengthen the arrangement and control of key populations. Effectively prevent the import and spread of the plague epidemic, make full use of comprehensive means such as big data, strengthen the grid management of rural pastoral areas and urban communities, and conduct comprehensive door-to-door investigations to ensure full coverage of the investigation area and no dead ends, and ensure that no one is missing. For residents who have traveled in the epidemic area and surrounding areas within 10 days, or who have been to the animal plague epidemic area, it is necessary to track down people, register and observe at home to ensure early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment of the epidemic.

5.3.5 Strengthen epidemic prevention and control in key units and places. Key units and places such as hospitals, enterprises, schools, stations, airports, docks, shopping malls, supermarkets, pension institutions, welfare institutions and supervision places should fulfill their main responsibilities, implement various prevention and control measures, strictly monitor ventilation, disinfection and health, strengthen personal protection and health education, and report and dispose of any abnormal situation in time.

5.3.6 Strengthen supervision and guidance. Health administrative departments at all levels are responsible for the overall guidance of epidemic prevention and control. It is necessary to organize disease control and supervision institutions to go deep into key units and places to carry out publicity and health education, strengthen technical guidance and health supervision on epidemic prevention and control, help relevant units to implement infectious disease prevention and epidemic management systems, and guide the work of rodent control, flea control and disinfection. Autonomous regions and allied cities should send expert groups to guide epidemic situation disposal, patient treatment, hospital infection prevention and control, psychological intervention and other work. It is necessary to send a supervision team to supervise and guide all regions to implement the main responsibility of the territory and implement various prevention and control measures.

5.3.7 Strengthen material support. Local people’s governments at all levels should fully grasp the supply and demand situation of prevention and control materials such as drugs, protective articles, disinfection articles, treatment instruments, equipment and facilities in the local area, dynamically grasp the material demand and production, circulation, inventory transportation and resource guarantee, and organize all kinds of prevention and control materials production enterprises to do a good job in production guarantee; It is necessary to do a good job in emergency transportation and traffic protection to ensure the timely and smooth transportation of epidemic prevention and control and production and living materials; It is necessary to co-ordinate the coordination of local prevention and control material support, obey the unified dispatch of the joint prevention and control mechanism of plague epidemic in the State Council, and give priority to meeting the needs of the front line of prevention and control (including the front line of port prevention and control); Market supervision departments at all levels should strengthen supervision and severely crack down on acts that disrupt market order, such as driving up the prices of prevention and control materials.

5.3.8 Strengthen the cost guarantee. All regions should, in accordance with the spirit of relevant national documents, implement the subsidy policy for patients’ treatment expenses, grant temporary work subsidies to medical personnel and epidemic prevention workers who participate in prevention and control work, and properly arrange the funds needed for medical and health institutions to purchase special equipment for protection, diagnosis and treatment and rapid diagnostic reagents needed for epidemic prevention and control work. According to the requirements of relevant national documents, it is necessary to ensure that the confirmed and suspected plague patients are not affected by the cost, and that the hospitals are not affected by the payment policy.

5.3.9 Strengthen epidemic reporting. All regions should release information on epidemic prevention and control in a timely, open and transparent manner, and seriously blame those who delay reporting, conceal reporting or omit reporting. Strengthen public opinion analysis and judgment, respond to social concerns in a targeted manner, scientifically solve doubts and doubts, clarify false rumors, and eliminate unnecessary panic.

5.3.10 Fully rescue patients. According to the principles of "treatment nearby and on the spot" and "concentration of patients, experts, resources and treatment", patients will be transferred to designated medical institutions for treatment with negative pressure ambulances, and experts in the whole region will be concentrated to implement "one person, one case, one class", which will effectively improve the cure rate and reduce the death rate. At the same time, a front-line expert group will be set up to directly participate in epidemic disposal and patient treatment, and experts from Beijing and other places will be invited to support it if necessary. Set up a standby expert group, strengthen training and be ready to participate in epidemic prevention and control at any time. According to the progress of the epidemic, on the basis of designated hospitals, several medical institutions will be determined by the Union City as backup hospitals to prepare for receiving patients. Care for medical personnel, implement the strictest safety protection measures for medical personnel and epidemic prevention personnel, care for and protect the health and safety of medical personnel, and ensure the "three in place" of protective equipment configuration, implementation of protective measures and personnel treatment.

5.3.11 Other measures. At the same time, we should do a good job in animal plague prevention and control, nosocomial infection prevention and control, epidemiological investigation, close contact management, preventive dosing, wildlife control, epidemic point division and disposal in accordance with clauses 5.1.2-5.1.9 and 5.2.3-5.2.9.

5.4 Measures to be taken for emergency treatment of major plague epidemic (Grade II)

5.4.1 Start the emergency response to public health emergencies. The Health and Wellness Commission of the Autonomous Region shall organize relevant experts to assess and confirm the situation and report it to the National Health and Wellness Commission and the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region. The People’s Government of the Autonomous Region shall start the emergency response according to the major epidemic situation (level II), and at the same time start the "three reports" system of zero report on the epidemic situation, daily report on the illness condition and daily report on the work progress.

5.4.2 The emergency handling of major plague epidemics shall be organized and led by the people’s government of the autonomous region. According to the recommendations of the Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region and the needs of epidemic disposal, the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region established the plague emergency headquarters to quickly grasp and control the epidemic situation, determine the contents of emergency work and organize its implementation; Timely report the changes of epidemic situation and the progress of work in the State Council and send a copy to the relevant departments in the State Council, and at the same time notify the local garrison leading organs, Hohhot Customs and Manzhouli Customs. When necessary, request the National Health and Wellness Commission and relevant departments to give emergency support.

5.4.3 The Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region quickly understands the time, place, source of infection and cases of the epidemic, determines the severity of the epidemic, analyzes the development trend of the epidemic, puts forward suggestions on emergency work in time, and is responsible for reporting to the people’s government of the autonomous region, informing the relevant departments of the autonomous region and reporting to the National Health and Wellness Committee.

5.4.4 All regions and relevant departments shall, in accordance with the unified deployment of the autonomous region headquarters, cooperate closely, conduct joint defense and control, and strictly implement the prevention and control strategy of "internal proliferation prevention and external export prevention", effectively implement various prevention and control measures, and resolutely prevent the epidemic from spreading further.

5.4.5 Strengthen the management of epidemic areas. Start the blockade of epidemic areas, implement strict blockade measures for designated epidemic areas according to law, do a good job in dealing with epidemic areas according to norms, stop crowd gathering activities such as fairs and gatherings, close all public places, enterprises and institutions temporarily stop production and work, and schools and kindergartens suspend classes. Production and operation involving prevention and control needs and residents’ daily necessities should be under strict and effective protection.

5.4.6 Make every effort to treat patients. On the basis of clause 5.3.10, according to the progress of epidemic situation, start the designated backup hospital, and expand the backup expert group to the first-line expert group, and go deep into various regions to deal with the epidemic situation and treat patients. Strengthen the training of all medical staff, focusing on knowledge and skills training in diagnosis and differential diagnosis, patient treatment, prevention and control of hospital sensation, etc., so as to realize that all staff can be employed and everyone can respond to emergencies as soon as possible. Give play to the role of the expert group and conduct consultation and consultation at any time.

5.4.7 Ensure the supply of important materials. We must resolutely obey the unified management and allocation of epidemic prevention and control materials in the whole region, break the regional division, and ensure the timely deployment of epidemic prevention and control materials. No region, enterprise or individual may plunder, intercept or hoard important epidemic prevention and control materials, and once found, resolutely investigate and deal with them according to the law and discipline. It is necessary to designate departments to uniformly grasp the supply and demand situation of epidemic prevention and control materials such as drugs, protective equipment and disinfection materials in the region, take strong measures to support enterprises to resume work and production as soon as possible, strive to achieve full production, and support qualified enterprises to expand production capacity and increase supply. Attach great importance to the construction of "rice bag" and "vegetable basket" projects, and quickly organize production enterprises of daily necessities such as grain, oil and food to resume production as soon as possible under the premise of implementing epidemic prevention and control measures to ensure adequate supply of food, meat, vegetables and other necessary daily necessities. Ensure the smooth logistics distribution in the wholesale market and urban areas, and ensure the timely replenishment of supermarkets and convenience stores. Strengthen price monitoring and product quality and safety supervision, deal with panic buying at the first time, severely punish price gouging, hoarding and profiteering according to law, crack down on counterfeiting, maintain market order and stabilize market expectations.

5.4.8 Strengthen capacity dispatching. Scientifically analyze and judge the epidemic situation and the need for prevention and control, and pay attention to avoiding excessive traffic control measures. According to the principle of "one break and three contingencies" ("one break" is the channel to block the spread of the epidemic, and personnel traffic stops in principle; "Three contingencies" refers to the principle of continuous highway traffic, continuous emergency green passage and continuous traffic of people’s living materials, and "three non-priorities" (no stop production, no inspection, no charge and priority traffic), so as to strengthen the dispatch of all kinds of transportation capacity, make reasonable overall plans for traffic control and guidance, and ensure smooth transportation of medical protection and materials necessary for people’s production and life.

5.4.9 Make every effort to maintain social stability. Propaganda departments at all levels should comprehensively strengthen epidemic prevention and control propaganda and public opinion guidance, keep a close eye on important nodes of epidemic prevention and control, publicize the progress of prevention and control work, and respond to social concerns in a timely manner. Clear channels to solve doubts and doubts, clarify false rumors, eliminate panic, publicize touching stories, set a positive example, and strengthen the determination and confidence of the whole society. Political and legal departments at all levels should promptly investigate all kinds of epidemic-related contradictions and disputes and potential risks that may affect social stability, promptly and effectively ease and resolve them, and prevent conflicts and risks from converging and overlapping. Strengthen patrol prevention and control of pharmacies, shopping malls, airports, stations and other key places to prevent all kinds of major incidents. We will spare no effort to maintain the normal production and living order, and all kinds of illegal and criminal acts that affect the prevention and control of the epidemic situation, political and legal organs should perform their duties, cooperate with each other, and severely crack down on them according to law. At the same time, we should give full play to grassroots social organizations and mass forces to jointly safeguard social stability.

5.4.10 Other measures. At the same time, we should do a good job in animal plague prevention and control, nosocomial infection prevention and control, epidemiological investigation, close contact management, preventive administration, wildlife control and epidemic point division in accordance with articles 5.1.2-5.1.9, 5.2.2-5.2.9 and 5.3.2-5.3.10.

5.5 Measures to be taken for emergency treatment of particularly serious plague epidemic (Grade I)

After the National Health and Wellness Commission started the emergency response and issued the first-level warning, the people’s governments at the three levels of autonomous region, Union City and counties (cities, districts) should set up the plague emergency headquarters, and be responsible for rapidly developing and seriously implementing the emergency measures for the plague epidemic within their respective administrative areas in accordance with the unified leadership and deployment of relevant departments in the State Council or the State Council.

6 prevent cases from being exported.

During the period of prevention and control of plague epidemic, according to the principle of territorial management, the health and health committees of all league cities and counties (cities, districts) should strengthen the management of patient transfer, and all kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels should strictly implement the "twelve no" measures, resolutely put an end to the long-distance transfer of plague patients and prevent the spread of the epidemic. The specific situation is as follows:

(1) Patients with fever (history) and/or swollen lymph nodes (pain) are not allowed to leave the hospital at will;

(2) No patients with suspicious symptoms such as fever of unknown origin, sudden onset of high fever and sharp increase of white blood cells are allowed to be transferred to hospital or discharged;

(3) Patients with unexplained acute lymphadenitis, swollen lymph nodes, severe pain and suspicious symptoms such as forced posture are not allowed to be transferred to hospital or discharged;

(4) patients with suspicious symptoms such as severe toxemia and shock syndrome of unknown reasons are not allowed to be transferred to hospital or discharged;

(5) Patients with unexplained cough, chest pain, expectoration with blood, hemoptysis and other suspicious symptoms are not allowed to be transferred to hospital or discharged;

(6) Patients with unexplained severe conjunctivitis and serious upper and lower eyelid edema and other suspicious symptoms are not allowed to be transferred and discharged;

(7) Patients with unexplained bloody diarrhea and suspicious symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, high fever and shock syndrome are not allowed to be transferred to hospital or discharged;

(8) It is forbidden to transfer and discharge patients with suspicious symptoms such as painful red papules on the skin with unknown reasons and bloody blisters;

(9) Patients with unexplained severe headache, lethargy, stiff neck, delirium, high brain pressure, turbid cerebrospinal fluid and other suspicious symptoms are not allowed to be transferred to hospital or discharged;

(10) patients who have been to animal plague epidemic areas 10 days before the onset of the disease and have not been released from isolation are not allowed to be transferred and discharged;

(11) No patients who have come into contact with animals and animal products from plague epidemic areas within 10 days before the onset of the disease, who have entered plague laboratories or come into contact with plague experimental supplies and have not been released from isolation are transferred to hospitals and discharged from hospitals;

(12) It is forbidden to transfer and discharge patients who have been in contact with patients with clinical characteristics (1)-(9) within 10 days before onset and have not been released from isolation.

7 Confirmation, termination and evaluation of emergency response level

7.1 Confirmation of plague emergency response level

7.1.1 According to the requirements of this plan, the particularly serious plague epidemic (Grade I) shall be confirmed by the National Health and Wellness Commission; Major plague epidemic (level II) shall be confirmed by the Health and Health Commission of the autonomous region or the National Health and Health Commission; The larger plague epidemic (Grade III) shall be confirmed by relevant experts organized by the Health and Health Committee of the Union City or the Health and Health Committee of the Autonomous Region; General plague epidemic (Grade IV) and animal plague epidemic (Grade V) shall be confirmed by the Health and Health Committee of counties (cities, districts) or the Health and Health Committee of Union City.

7.1.2 When the plague epidemic occurs in towns, traffic arteries, densely populated areas, tourist attractions, border crossings, military and space bases and large-scale infrastructure projects, health and health administrative departments at all levels can report to the health and health administrative department at the next higher level while confirming the emergency response level, and the health and health administrative department at the next higher level will confirm whether the emergency response level is upgraded.

7.2 Termination of plague emergency response

Handling of human plague epidemic situation: according to the requirements of People’s Republic of China (PRC) national standard "Standards and Principles for Handling Human Plague Epidemic Areas" (GB15978—1995), all the corresponding emergency response work has been completed, and the standards of rodent control and flea control and environmental sanitation have been reached in large and small isolation circles, and there have been no secondary cases for 9 consecutive days.

Treatment of animal plague epidemic areas: According to the requirements of People’s Republic of China (PRC) national standard "Standards and Principles for the Treatment of Human Plague Epidemic Areas" (GB15978-1995), when infected rats and fleas are found in pastoral areas, the treatment scope should be centered on the epidemic area, and the fleas should be thoroughly exterminated, with early warning as the precondition. The health administrative department of the League City will organize the professional institutions at the League City level to meet the standards of no rats, no holes and no fleas after acceptance.

The termination of the emergency response to the particularly serious plague epidemic (level I) shall be implemented after the approval of the State Council or the national plague emergency headquarters.

The termination of major plague epidemic (Grade II), major plague epidemic (Grade III), general plague epidemic (Grade IV) and inter-animal plague epidemic (Grade V) shall be analyzed and demonstrated by relevant experts organized by the health administrative departments of the autonomous region, Union City, counties (cities, districts), and implemented after being reported to the people’s government at the same level or plague emergency headquarters, and reported to the health administrative department at the next higher level.

7.3 Evaluation of plague epidemic handling work

7.3.1 Organization of appraisers

The assessment of the handling of particularly serious plague epidemic (Grade I), major plague epidemic (Grade II), major plague epidemic (Grade III) and general plague epidemic (Grade IV) shall be organized by the National Health and Health Commission and the health administrative departments of autonomous regions, leagues and counties (cities, districts) to form an assessment team to carry out the assessment. For the epidemic situation of plague among animals (level V), the health administrative department of the Union City and counties (cities, districts) shall organize relevant personnel to form an evaluation team to carry out the evaluation.

7.3.2 Main contents of assessment

Physical geography of epidemic area, causes of epidemic, sources of infection, transmission routes and epidemic factors, occurrence, development and control of epidemic, composition of patients, treatment effect, distribution of infected animals and flea species, density of infected animals and flea index, effect evaluation of measures taken, existing problems in emergency treatment, experience gained and suggestions for improvement. The evaluation report shall be submitted to the people’s government at the same level and the health administrative department at the next higher level.

8 safeguard measures

8.1 Strengthen the capacity building of disease control institutions.

In accordance with the requirements of the National and Autonomous Region’s Standards for the Construction of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Guiding Opinions on the Organization Standards for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we will strengthen infrastructure construction, increase investment, strengthen personnel training, deepen internal reform, improve scientific research level and professional ability, reach the national and autonomous region standards as soon as possible, and provide strong technical support for plague prevention and control.

Strengthen the construction of laboratory detection capacity of county-level disease control institutions, and enhance the capacity of plague field monitoring laboratories. All county-level rodent control professional institutions should have the ability to carry out nucleic acid detection, so as to comprehensively improve laboratory infrastructure, detection equipment and personnel technology. At the same time, we should constantly strengthen the standardization and standardization of laboratory management system, and comprehensively improve the biosafety level of plague laboratories.

Because the focus of plague prevention and control work is in remote and poor areas, the work is hard and the task is heavy. Plague is a highly pathogenic and virulent infectious disease, and rodent control personnel are facing a high threat of biological safety. All regions should ensure the wages and benefits of plague control personnel, pay temporary work subsidies in full and on time, and tilt the appointment of professional titles.

8.2 Strengthen the monitoring of plague among animals and human beings.

Improve the three-level plague monitoring system in autonomous regions, union cities and counties (cities, districts). In accordance with the requirements of the National Plague Monitoring Program and the Plague Monitoring Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, monitoring points are set up reasonably, the monitoring scope is continuously expanded, and the plague monitoring among animals is actively carried out. Gradually promote the application of drones to carry out epidemic focus surveys, carry out new technologies such as plague nucleic acid detection, and continuously improve the efficiency and quality of monitoring work. Medical and health institutions at all levels should strengthen the management of outpatient, emergency and fever clinics, especially primary medical institutions should effectively play the role of "sentinel" in human plague monitoring, strengthen the investigation and reporting of fever patients, and improve the awareness and ability of medical personnel to identify plague patients.

8.3 improve the emergency response ability of plague

In accordance with the requirements of the state and autonomous regions, standardize the plague emergency team, emergency equipment and emergency material reserves, and improve the infrastructure and laboratory equipment conditions of disease prevention and control institutions or plague prevention and control professional institutions. Strengthen the construction of professional teams for rodent control and emergency response, strengthen professional technical training and emergency drills, enhance technical reserves, and improve the ability of epidemiological investigation, on-site disposal and laboratory testing. Each region organizes at least one plague emergency drill every year to improve the response level and ability of emergency teams.

8.4 Strengthen the capacity building of medical treatment

Strengthen the emergency preparedness of medical and health institutions to deal with the sudden plague epidemic and improve the ability of treatment. Designated medical institutions of plague in various regions should have the ability to carry out rapid screening of plague pathogens, improve the response mechanism of clinical treatment, standardize the prevention process of nosocomial infection, transform and build negative pressure wards and negative pressure laboratories, and equip them with certain facilities and equipment, so that they can have a high level of comprehensive treatment ability and biosafety protection conditions, and truly treat plague cases nearby and on the spot. Strengthen the sense of responsibility of medical institutions and medical staff, and establish a responsibility system for the investigation of patients with fever. According to the principle of territorial management, the health administrative department of counties (cities, districts) should sign a letter of responsibility with all kinds of medical institutions at all levels, the heads of medical institutions and medical staff in the jurisdiction, and compact the responsibility step by step and incorporate it into the performance management of medical institutions.

8.5 Strengthen the working mechanism of combining medical treatment with prevention.

Within the health system, it is necessary to establish a close cooperation mode of combining plague medical treatment and prevention, and strengthen the working mechanism of interconnection between disease control, medical treatment and health supervision institutions. Disease control institutions should release early warning information to medical institutions in a timely manner, and carry out training on plague prevention and control related knowledge and laws and regulations for medical personnel. Medical institutions should actively carry out active monitoring of human plague. It is necessary to set up a human plague monitor in this unit, build an interconnection bridge with the disease control institutions, grasp the epidemic dynamics of plague among animals in this area in real time, and notify the disease control institutions in a timely manner according to regulations when suspected plague cases are found. Medical institutions should give certain performance rewards to human plague monitors. Health supervision institutions should promptly carry out supervision and inspection on the prevention and control of plague in various medical institutions at all levels to ensure that all prevention and control work is implemented in detail.

8.6 Strengthen the working mechanism of joint defense and joint control among departments.

Improve the inter-office joint conference system for prevention and control of major diseases, further clarify the responsibilities and functions of each member unit, and actively study major issues in plague prevention and control according to their responsibilities and functions. Each member unit should plan, study, arrange and implement the work of the unit, and form a joint prevention and control work pattern with information exchange, close cooperation and mutual support.

8.7 Establish the working mechanism of group prevention and control.

Take Gacha village (community) as the basic unit, implement grid and carpet management, fully implement territorial responsibility, departmental responsibility, unit responsibility and individual responsibility, clarify the division of responsibilities, and implement the responsibility of plague prevention and control to each grid unit, so as to achieve accurate management to counties (cities, districts), Gacha village (community) and households (units), and at the same time implement the organs, enterprises, institutions and grassroots organizations under the jurisdiction.

8.8 Strengthen health publicity and education

Strengthen the publicity and education of plague prevention and control knowledge, and improve the awareness rate of plague prevention and control knowledge through various channels and forms. Actively carry out public opinion monitoring, timely organize experts to answer questions about social hotspots and issues of public concern, clarify false information on the Internet, and do a good job in communication on epidemic prevention and control risks. Publicize the "three noes and three noes" to residents and migrants in epidemic areas, especially migrant workers (no hunting, no stripping, no taking epidemic animals and their products out of epidemic areas without permission, reporting dead mice and marmots, reporting suspected plague patients, and reporting patients with unexplained high fever and sudden death), so as to improve people’s awareness of self-prevention.

8.9 Strengthen the capacity building of health supervision.

We will continue to strengthen the construction of the law enforcement system, constantly improve the four-level supervision and law enforcement agencies in autonomous regions, league cities, counties (cities, districts) and towns (streets) in Sumu, clarify their functions and responsibilities, provide sufficient supervision and law enforcement personnel and equipment, strengthen the institutionalization, standardization, informationization and standardization, and increase capital investment to ensure the normal development of the work.

8.10 Implementation of commendation and reward

After the epidemic treatment, the regions, units and individuals that have completed the plague emergency response work shall be commended and rewarded.

9 supplementary provisions

9.1 formulation and revision of the plan

This plan is formulated by the Health and Health Committee of the autonomous region, and updated, revised and supplemented in time according to the changes in the plague situation and the problems found in the implementation. Health administrative departments at all levels shall, according to this plan, organize the formulation of emergency plans for plague control in this area in combination with the actual situation in this area.

9.2 Interpretation of the Plan

This plan shall be interpreted by the Health and Health Committee of the autonomous region.

9.3 the execution time of the plan

This plan shall be implemented as of the date of issuance, and the Notice of the General Office of the People’s Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Printing and Distributing the Emergency Plan for Plague Control in the Autonomous Region (No.53 [2008] of the Office of the Internal Affairs Office) shall be abolished at the same time.

Attachment: Inter-provincial Plague Defense Units in Inner Mongolia

attachment

Inter-provincial plague defense unit in Inner Mongolia

First, nine northern provinces (cities, districts) plague defense

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Shaanxi provinces.

Two or five provinces (regions) Mongolian gerbil plague prevention and control

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hebei Province, Shaanxi Province, Shanxi Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Three or four provinces (regions) Daour Citellus plague joint defense.

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, Liaoning Province

Four or eight provinces (regions) plague prevention and control in Marmot foci

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xizang Autonomous Region, Gansu Province, Chongqing City, Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province.

　　When we often brush Tik Tok, we will find that the music shared in the lower left corner has a hint to listen to soda music. Many friends don’t know what this soda music is. In fact, this is a music APP owned by Tik Tok, which can synchronize music to Tik Tok. Let’s take a look.

　　Why is soda music hanging in Tik Tok?

　　1. First of all, we use [Tik Tok account one-click login] on the soda music software;

　　2. After logging in successfully, click [My] in the lower right corner to come to my page and you can see the songs in Tik Tok;

　　3. The interface of the soda music player adopts a layout similar to that of the music player in Tik Tok App, and users can slide up and down to select songs recommended by the system. In addition, users can collect, forward and comment on the songs.

　　How about Tik Tok soda music?

　　"Soda Music" was upgraded from Tik Tok Music, focusing on discovering minority music+recommendation. It is an official music independent app produced by Tik Tok. Come and keep differentiation with QQ music and Netease cloud music. Let’s learn what soda music looks like together.

　　Entering the home page, soda music has three tabs: music, discovery and mine. Let’s introduce them one by one. 1. There are recommendations under music, and two tabs have been played recently.

　　Under the recommendation, according to your listening preferences and those of people with similar tastes, I recommend songs of interest to you and refuse to follow the same pattern. Recently played, showing the recently played songs. We can see that soda music playing is much like Tik Tok brushing short videos, sliding up and down to switch music, and putting likes, comments and sharing in a conspicuous position on the playing page to guide users to interact and facilitate algorithm recommendation. 2. Find and find music in multiple dimensions under the tab, including music stations, song list recommendations, hot song lists/new song lists/global lists, and quickly find the music you want to listen to.

　　Music station, healing/fitness/study/commuting, hip-hop/rock/electronic music /R&B, quickly enter the music you want to listen to.

　　Song list recommendation includes daily recommendation, official song list and user-built song list, so as to know what songs people who love music are listening to and find more good songs.

　　3. mine

　　"Soda Music" was upgraded from Tik Tok Music, so the account is interoperable with Tik Tok, including personal information, attention, fans, song list and so on.

　　Soda Music creates its own song list and adds its favorite songs. The song list can be open to everyone or set as private.

　　It is worth mentioning that "soda music" has been launched as a member VIP function. New registered users will be given VIP membership for 2 months. At present, there are three packages available for VIP members, one month in 8 yuan, six months in 45 yuan and twelve months in 88 yuan.

Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Diplomatic Personnel Abroad (Draft)

Chapter I General Principles

Chapter II Duties, Conditions, Obligations and Rights

Chapter IV Director of the Museum

Chapter v dispatch, recall and recall

Chapter VI Assessment, Training and Communication

Chapter VII Reward and Punishment

Chapter VIII Wages and Welfare

Chapter IX Spouses and Children

Chapter X Supplementary Provisions

About People’s Republic of China (PRC)

Explanation of the Diplomatic Staff Abroad Law (Draft)

Vegetarianism is a "health-preserving" diet in many people’s minds. In recent years, many people have joined the ranks of vegetarians. At present, the number of vegetarians in China is about 50 million, and "vegetarianism" is becoming popular.

Although more and more people are vegetarian, unreasonable diet is a problem. Long-term unreasonable vegetarian diet can not only make the body healthier, but also lead to malnutrition.

What kind of influence will vegetarianism have on the body, and what is the correct way to open vegetarianism? In this article, we will answer the questions about vegetarianism, and attach an egg white recipe at the end of the article, so you can keep it for reference!

What are the benefits of vegetarianism?

Vegetarian food with reasonable diet can not only provide adequate nutrition for the body, but also reduce the risk of many diseases. Studies have shown that the mortality of all-cause mortality’s disease, ischemic heart disease, circulatory system disease and cerebrovascular disease in vegetarian population is significantly lower than that in omnivorous population with animal food. [1] Moreover, the risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes and cancer in vegetarian population is lower than that in animal omnivorous food population.

Which two vegetarian dishes are more recommended?

The most common vegetarianism can be roughly divided into two types: ovalbumin and vegan. Egg-lactating people can also eat eggs and milk food besides vegetarian food; Vegan is a strict vegetarian, and does not eat any animal food, including eggs and milk. No matter what kind of vegetarian diet, as long as it can ensure a balanced nutrition. However, compared with the two, vegan has more disadvantages. If you must be vegetarian, you should recommend egg white.

What nutrition is vegetarian easy to lack?

For vegetarians, there is no serious shortage of carbohydrates, fats, dietary fiber and water for vegetarians, and it is easy to meet their physical needs as long as they follow the requirements of Dietary Guidelines for China Residents. Emphasis should be placed on preventing the deficiency of protein, vitamin B12, mineral iron and zinc, because meat food is an important source of high-quality protein, vitamin B12 and mineral iron and zinc. Therefore, we should pay attention to the intake of these nutrients in the diet, and we also need to pay attention to the supplement of vitamin D.

How to supplement the nutrition that is easy to lack?

(1) protein:

Although the protein of meat is high-quality protein, it is not only meat that contains protein. Eggs, milk and beans are all sources of high-quality protein.

The people who eat egg yolk are advised to eat every day:

A whole egg

300~500ml milk

25g soybean or corresponding amount of bean products (50g dried bean curd or 50g shredded bean curd or 100g north bean curd).

15~25g nuts (vegan 20~30g)

All kinds of miscellaneous grains and beans

In this way, the intake of protein is at least 50g/d, which is more than 90% of the recommended daily intake of 55g for women in protein. If it is male, it is recommended to add 10~20g protein powder on this basis every day. It should also be noted that different kinds of protein foods should be eaten at the same meal as far as possible, which can play a complementary role in protein and improve the absorption and utilization rate of protein. [1] For example, protein, a cereal food, lacks lysine and is rich in methionine, while protein, a legume food, lacks methionine and is rich in lysine. When they are eaten together, the proteins can complement each other.

② Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 mainly exists in animal foods, and it is a nutrient that is easily overlooked by everyone. Serious lack of vitamin B12 will cause nerve fiber degeneration, symptoms such as listlessness, anxiety, forgetfulness, and even anemia, so vitamin B12 is also called "nutritional nerve" vitamin. A survey shows that vitamin B12 deficiency is common in vegetarians with elevated homocysteine level and enlarged red blood cells, especially in vegetarians. [2] Vitamin B12 mainly exists in meat food, which is easy to be deficient for vegetarians.

Plant foods rarely contain vitamin B12, and fermented bean products such as fermented soybean meal, fermented bean curd, natto, seaweed and mushroom have some, but the salt content of fermented soybean meal and fermented bean curd is generally high, and the taste of natto is unacceptable to many people. Therefore, it is difficult to make up enough by diet, so it is recommended to take vitamin B12 supplements. ③ Mineral iron: Animal foods such as red meat, animal blood, animal liver and shellfish are good sources of iron supplement, and the iron contained is heme iron, which is easy to be absorbed and utilized by human body.

However, plant foods such as auricularia auricula, Tricholoma matsutake, red dates, spinach, moss, etc., although high in iron content, belong to non-heme iron, and the absorption and utilization rate of human body is low. However, if it is combined with vitamin C, it can help to improve the absorption and utilization rate of iron in plant foods [1]. Therefore, it is suggested that vegetarians should add fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C in their diet, such as Chinese cabbage, kiwi fruit, winter jujube, blood orange, guava, etc., and supplement Vc tablets or iron.

④ Mineral zinc: In addition to meat, nuts, coarse grains and fermented bean products are also good sources of mineral zinc, such as sunflower seeds, pine nuts, pumpkin seeds, chestnuts, black sesame seeds, etc. Among them, phytic acid in bean products is destroyed after fermentation, and the absorption and utilization rate of zinc will also increase.

One day, the egg custard recipe came!

According to the dietary recommendations for vegetarian people in the Dietary Guide for China Residents, people with egg yolk can refer to the following recipes (light-bodied women who do not need to lose weight) to arrange their diet for one day:

If it is a male, the ingredients that need to be adjusted are: 50 grams of millet, 100 grams of sweet potato, 20 grams of walnut, 40 grams of red dates, 80 grams of white flour and 100 grams of tofu.

Note: ① The amount of salt is not written in the recipe, so everyone should control it by themselves. It should not exceed 6 grams of salt every day, which is less than 1 bottle cap of mineral water (1~2 mm short of the bottle cap).

6 grams of salt (Master Kong packaged drinking water bottle cap) 2 The cooking pot is best to be non-stick, otherwise it will cost more oil.

A porcelain spoon is about 10 grams of oil.

Remarks:

Vegetarian people are easy to lack vitamin B12 and mineral iron, so it is recommended to supplement multivitamins or targeted supplements every other day; In order to promote the absorption of calcium, it is recommended to supplement 10 micrograms of vitamin D every day.

Vegetarian people are easy to lack n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, so it is suggested that rapeseed oil and soybean oil should be used more in cooking, and linseed oil and perilla seed oil should be used more in cold salad.

Illustration of some ingredients:

Three red dates (20 grams of edible part) Want to know the weight of jujube stones? I eat very clean!

2 grams of laver

30 grams of carrots

20 grams of red beans (mung beans for reference)

100g sweet potato

10 grams of paper walnut Although this recipe is only for one day, as long as you change the ingredients carefully, you can change the recipe for many days. For example, change Chinese cabbage into rape, green pepper into colored pepper, dried tofu into dried tofu, garlic sprout into leek, sweet potato into purple potato, walnut into cashew nut and so on.

Focus

For friends who like vegetarianism, vegetarianism is also ok. However, ovalbumin is easier to achieve nutritional balance than vegan, and it is more recommended.

In addition, when you are vegetarian, you must mix it reasonably, and pay attention to supplementing compound nutrients or specific nutritional supplements.

Introduction:

On August 24th, the latest issue of Horizon’s "Hello, Developer" Autopilot Technology Special Session was successfully broadcast in the Zhidong Open Class.

The special session was given by Dr. algorithm engineer Zhu Hongmei, Horizon Perception, with the theme of BEV Perception Scheme and Deployment Practice Based on Journey 5. This article is a record of the lecture session of this special session. If you need live playback and Q&A, you can click

Good evening, friends of the open class of Zhidong. I’m Perception algorithm engineer Zhu Hongmei from the horizon, and I’m honored to share with you today "Ji"BEV awareness scheme and deployment practice in Journey 5》。 I will introduce it from five aspects.

01

General introduction of BEV perception framework

With the release of Journey 5 in 2021, we designed the sensing prototype scheme of BEV based on Journey 5. The input is vehicle-mounted multi-angle image sequence or multi-mode signal, and the fusion of time and space dimensions is carried out within the network, so that the neural network can output the dynamic and static sensing and prediction results from a bird’s-eye view.

Below is a frame diagram.

The green background part represents the signal processing of pure vision, and the input is the images of each camera. After the first stage of model extraction, the image features are transformed into multi-view spatial fusion from BEV perspective. Then, the features of BEV are fused in time sequence, and then sent to the second stage for feature extraction on BEV; Finally, input it to the head part for the output of perceptual elements. If there is a Lidar in the system, it will also be connected to the Lidar point cloud. In the early stage, we will do rasterization coding processing, and we will also do time sequence fusion. Finally, we will do intermediate fusion with visual BEV features, and also send them to the second stage to output the perceptual elements on BEV.

The blue part is the closed-loop iteration that has participated in many rounds. Students who pay attention to the horizon should know that at the Shanghai Auto Show in April this year, this part of the content has supported the closed-loop demo display of real cars. In recent six months, we have expanded the function of "dynamic obstacle detection" in sensing elements. Based on it, we connected the head of Transformer to do the Track id, speed estimation and trajectory prediction of dynamic obstacles. The dotted line part is currently under development, and we also want to make full use of the dynamic and static sensing results on BEV to output the interactive elements of dynamic and static sensing, such as behavior prediction.

There are two main modes of pure vision scheme here. One is the 11v integration scheme for double Journey 5; The other is a single journey chip-oriented scheme, in which 7v for driving and 5v for parking are integrated. Today’s sharing mainly focuses on the integration of time and space in the visual scheme, the analysis of perceptual elements, and the introduction of dynamic, especially dynamic perceptual prediction end-to-end scheme and deployment.

02

Spatio-temporal fusion module and chip deployment

Firstly, it is introduced that the four-plane space fusion method is adopted at the end of the plate at present. It takes the xy plane of the self-propelled coordinate system as the basic plane, and adds three height planes on this basis, hoping to obtain more scene image information with different heights. Time series fusion is relatively simple. We will cache the features after time series fusion at the last moment, align the historical frames to the current frame by using the self-driving motion between frames, and fuse them with the spatial fusion features of the current frame, and then deconvolution them and send them to the following network structure for perceptual output.

So why do we use this scheme?

In the early stage of research and development, we also compared different spatial fusion methods. In the early stage, in order to quickly get through the process, we adopted the simplest method based on single plane IPM to get through the perception of the whole framework. After that, I went to find out the depth-based fusion and transformer-based fusion scheme on Journey 5. The assessment dimension is the delay in Journey 5, assuming that the prerequisite is to be able to independently run this model above 30fps on the single core of Journey 5 to design the corresponding network parameters.

There are two key parameters that affect the perceptual performance of BEV, one is the resolution of image feature in one stage, and the other is the fusion resolution on BEV. The fusion resolution on BEV is relatively direct, and the higher the resolution, the better the perception of some small targets and point elements. Image resolution determines the amount of information input in two stages.

Here is a lane line simulation diagram, and the physical dimensions of each lane line are the same. Because it is perspective projection, the farther the lane line is in the image, the fewer pixels it will have. BEV indexing image features is generally a process of reverse realization, while BEV is generally designed with equal resolution, such as 0.6 and 0.4 m Grid resolution. When the distant objects in the scene are indexed by the coordinates of BEV, the physical resolution of the pixels in the image is already lower than that on BEV, and at this time, feature duplication will appear on BEV, which is a common stretching phenomenon. Reflected in the perception, for example, the detection box may have the phenomenon that the target splits into a string, so the feature resolution in one stage is also very important.

We grab the middle column of pixels to simulate the contrast of Z-value changes between two adjacent rows of pixels in 2M image and 8M image at 50m. It can be seen that the physical range of the low-resolution image corresponding to two adjacent rows of pixels has changed by more than 2 meters. For a high-resolution image, its adjacent two pixels are only about 0.6 meters. Therefore, when looking at the fusion scheme, we should not only consider whether a single task meets certain accuracy requirements, but also consider the final deployment, because it is multi-task and different perceptual elements output, so we hope that the resolution of one-stage feature and BEV fusion can be higher.

From this point of view, the current structure based on Transformer can meet the requirements of Journey 5, single core and 30+FPS, and the first-stage resolution and the second-stage fusion resolution are relatively low, and the delay is too high under this condition. However, the depth-based fusion method is lower than single plane in one stage. In addition, one reason for not adopting it is that the depth-based deployment has made some specific improvements for Journey 5, reaching a two-phase delay of 9.6 ms. In the stage of prototype verification, the flexibility of carrying different numbers of cameras on the car is not enough, so we adopt the plane mapping fusion method at this stage. In the early stage, we used a single plane, but when we actually did the closed-loop verification, we found that the generality and robustness of camera parameters were not enough, and it was sensitive. Therefore, we improved it in the further research and development process. Through various tests and verifications, we finally adopted the four-plane fusion method, which can achieve a good balance between performance and delay.

For time series fusion, different time series fusion methods will also be compared in the early stage of research and development. The basic method is to align the historical BEV features to the current frame and use different fusion methods to do time series fusion. Here is also a comparison of the fusion of different frames, with the experimental data accumulated at that time to do 10 frames of verification. In the case of 10 frames, there is an improvement of 3.5 points compared with only space. For latency, it is only increased by 1ms because it is deployed in recurrent mode.

Similarly, we also compare the two methods of obtaining historical frames. One is to intercept historical information at equal time intervals, and the other is at equal space intervals. Equal time interval is to use the system timestamp to index and read the corresponding frame. Equal space interval is to calculate the translation distance with the movement of the vehicle, and then get the frame. Finally, we found that the performance of equal space interval of 6 frames is similar to that of equal time interval of 10 frames, and they can also be combined, but the improvement of more fused frames is not great. Therefore, in order to simplify the deployment, we currently adopt the time series fusion method with equal time intervals.

There may be some differences in the training and deployment of time series fusion. One is the Odometry used when aligning two adjacent frames. In order to make the training model performance consistent with the real vehicle deployment, one principle to be observed is that the model input should be consistent with the board signal as much as possible. We use Odometry of wheel speedometer to do model training, and do tests on Odometry obtained by different methods. It is found that if it is consistent with the inter-frame interval during training, then this factor has little influence. In addition, for example, historical frames are obtained at 100ms intervals, and the model trained with 10fps training data is tested at 10fps, 15fps and 30fps. The conclusion is that if there is a big difference between deployment and training, the index gap will be even bigger. The actual system frame rate is affected by the real-time load of the system, and it may not be completely aligned no matter how to set the inter-frame interval during training. Generally, the perimeter perception can be around 15fps, which can basically meet the functional requirements, and the range of 1.5 points is also acceptable. This part can also make the distribution of time series training data more abundant through some data enhancement methods, and alleviate such problems.

The other is that when the time series is being trained, if there is no specific optimization, with the increase of the number of frames, some OOM(Out of Memorry) problems may occur in the time series data, which leads to the slow training speed. The training method is to adopt the feature cache strategy to alleviate or avoid such problems. However, when deploying on the board side, considering the memory limitation of the board side and the bandwidth loaded back, the most streamlined strategy recurrent mode is finally adopted on the board.

03

Analysis of static and Occupancy perception elements

An important component of static perception is truth value. How did the truth value on BEV come from?

From the very beginning of research and development to the present, three static truth values have been used. At first, high-precision maps were used, and now the truth production link based on multi-mode is used on a large scale. At present, the local mapping results of pure vision are also involved in the training. The quality of the drawings is developed by our company’s special 4D-Label team. At the special session of horizon "Hello, developer" autopilot technology, Dr. Sui Wei, the head of horizon 4D labeling technology, also shared the "4D labeling scheme for BEV perception". If you are interested, you can review it.

For the algorithm, the algorithm students should be more involved in the formulation of labeling rules. Even if the truth value is brushed by the big model, the big model needs the truth value, so the labeling rules need the deep participation of the students of the perceptual algorithm, especially the actual test scenario is very complicated. A reference condition of labeling rules is the Lidar point cloud base map obtained by mapping, which is an intensity map on BEV, and then it can be labeled by referring to images or videos. For example, lane lines should be marked with colors, some functional attributes and some downstream functions that are necessary and cannot be obtained from the Lidar bottom map, all of which need to be combined with images. For pavement signs, they are usually unmarked rotating frames, and for those that need a clear direction, they need to be marked in an orderly sequence. The elements of parking are basically to mark parking spaces, wheel gears, speed bumps and so on by marking key points.

The output of the model corresponds to the annotation. The marked information will be preprocessed to generate the true value of the model. Only when the truth value is supervised output can the downstream functional requirements be met. The lane line output is the position and attribute of the example point column; The intersection point is the position and type of the point; Curbside is also the instance position and type; Pavement discrete signs are detection frames and types. These static perception elements are very rich. For the model scheme, there is a classification learning of foreground extraction, a regression learning of accurate position, and a learning of example features of lane lines. On the whole, the static perception scheme is relatively conventional. When analyzing, line elements such as lane lines will extract the foreground through the score of Class Map, then cluster the points through the Embedding similarity, and reverse the attribute features to index the corresponding features of these points.

For lane lines, in the actual software analysis, we should consider the delay on the software, roughly estimate the direction of lane lines through vertical points according to the preset, and do one-dimensional search along this direction to shorten the post-processing time of lane lines. Now our scheme is newly optimized, and it takes less than 3ms to deal with this part. The analysis of pavement signs, detection points or boxes at intersections is a set of CenterNet: card score→maxpolling→TopK→ attribute extraction → output.

For parking elements, parking spaces will output orderly corner position, occupancy and parking space type direction; The wheel stopper is an orderly end position and type; The underground locks and columns under the parking lot are all output by detection frames, which are the same as the analytical ideas of the previous points and line frames. The parking space here has two small head, one of which is to obtain the overall attributes of the parking space, such as its occupancy, and whether the parking space type is parallel or vertical. There is also a Local head to accurately estimate the corner of the location, because the accuracy of this corner of the location is very high. After getting a more accurate one, calculate the point matching with the rough corner position obtained under global. Because this point is orderly, you can just card a distance threshold. After matching, you can get an accurate corner coordinate by replacing the corner coordinate.

This is our performance. The 2D perception scheme of horizon has been polished for a long time before, which is equivalent to having a good reference baseline for BEV perception.

Compared with the 2D scheme, lane lines and road signs have a great improvement in ranging, such as lane lines in different distance sections, arrows and stop lines of road signs. For parking spaces, Horizon also has a pre-fusion scheme. Before being sent to the network, four fish-eye images are fused by IPM to get an IPM image covering 360 degrees around the car, and then integrated into the network to output parking spaces. Now BEV is introduced in the previous framework, and feature are fused inside the model. At present, there are also great improvements in these three class libraries.

Take a look at this video, which is a visual display of a high-speed lane line, with a wide dotted line, and then get off the ramp. Here is a diversion point, a change point between reality and reality, and the arrow represents the direction.

For the perception of parking space, a parking scene is chosen here, where the red line represents the entrance line, the yellow X represents the occupation, the yellow box is the pillar of the parking lot, and the grass green is the wheel stopper.

Let’s talk about the perception of Occupancy. First of all, Occupancy is a 2D occupancy graph based on Journey 5, which is a binary graph, where 0 means unoccupied and 1 means occupied. We call it Freespace internally. The traditional Freespace is image segmentation and post-processing to calculate the drivable area under BEV. It is more natural to do it on BEV, and output such a binary image directly on BEV. Its true value depends on Lidar segmentation model+detection model+threshold of cloud card height of multi-frame aggregation point to obtain some obstacles on the ground. Lidarseg mainly obtains the basic surface first, and takes the road plane as the drivable area; Lidar3D detection is to supplement the true value of dynamic obstacles in the white list.

The other output is Vismask. It mainly describes the area that the vehicle can see in the image at the current moment, and also uses Lidarseg model and 3D detection model. Image segmentation combined with back projection of point cloud can get the points that can be seen under BEV, calculate the ray according to the semantics and camera parameters, and then calculate the surface paved by the points that can be seen in the image in the self-propelled coordinate system, and then flatten them in the height direction of point cloud to get the visible Grid points on BEV. Why do you need 3D detection? Because when the ray hits the point cloud, it is a surface. We want the whole object of the surface boundary to be visible, so we need a 3D detection frame to supplement the object of the boundary, thus obtaining the true values of these two tasks. Perception model is a relatively simple binary classification model. Vismask’s 0 means invisible and 1 means visible.

Because these two tasks are dense outputs, when actually doing this on the board, its bandwidth occupation is relatively large. Usually, we will use a Run Length Encoding (RLE) to compress the result. For example, Freespace, as shown in the following figure, has the same values in a connected region. Run-length coding is used to reduce the bandwidth of the perceptual results transmitted from BPU of Journey 5 to CPU, and a final output binary image can be obtained by doing a back analysis in CPU.

Here is a visual video, and the bar on the left is a response to the fence. This is a specially built evaluation set, including strollers, fallen cones and so on. Here, Freespace is mainly to supplement the perception of non-standard obstacles. In addition, it is also useful to feed back the representation of roadside by Freespace when the downstream closed loop is used.

04

Dynamic Perception Predicting End-to-End and Chip Deployment

Let’s introduce the end-to-end scheme of dynamic sensing prediction and chip deployment.

The end-to-end model, as shown in the previous frame, is followed BEV3D several layers of Transformer decoder to output dynamic end-to-end elements. The multi-scale features extracted by BEV in two stages are reused, and there is a detection head of BEV3D, which regresses to the heatmap and the offset to the precise position to get the possible target position.

For Transformer head, it depends on how the Q/K/V of its input comes from the first layer. There is a construction part of the input. First of all, "q" is divided into detection query and Track query. Detect the position embedding； of query, which is the position parsed from BEV3D head and obtained by MLP; Context embedding is learnable and can be initialized randomly.

For the position embedding of Track query, the position of the previous frame will be used, and the self-vehicle motion between frames will be aligned to the current frame to eliminate the self-vehicle motion. Then, the position of the current frame is estimated by combining the speed estimation result of the previous frame itself, and the position embedding of Track query is obtained by MLP. Its context embedding was also randomly initialized and learnable at the beginning, which resulted in "Q".

"K" and "V" For BEV, there is a fixed mapping relationship between the pixel coordinates on BEV and the coordinate positions under VCS. Therefore, according to the position of the reference point, its pixel coordinates on multiple dimensions of BEV can be calculated reversely. Query also sorts from 0 to N-1, and it has an index, so that the difference between the two coordinates can be calculated into the mapping relationship between them. Then the warping operator, that is, the grid_sample operator, is used to reversely index the BEV region features, and then "K" and "V" are generated through MLP, so that the end-to-end head input is constructed.

One of the differences in Transformer here is that it improves the quantization and efficiency on Journey 5, and removes the MatMul matrix multiplication operator. Here, the commonly used Deformable attention is replaced by warping.

The output layer of end-to-end head is actually several MLPs. Among them, the output of trajectory and speed will pass through Memory bank in order to obtain historical information. The point of the trajectory output here is also the displacement between frames, and the velocity describes the position change of unit time between frames in the future. We think that these changes are not abrupt, but smooth, so we use historical information.

The embedding of history is composed of two parts. The first part is the Oddity of N historical frames and the embedding of query output by Transformer decoder of N historical frames will be stored in Memory bank. Query of the current frame, and pay attention to the time sequence of the current frame and the historical frame for each target. After that, self-attention will also be done among the targets, and finally we define it as Temporal embedding. In addition, speed embedding is added. How did it come from? That is, the position of historical frame N is transferred to the current frame through the odometry of the vehicle motion, and the position of the historical frame under the current frame is obtained, so as to eliminate the vehicle motion and obtain the inter-frame offset. Combining with the frame rate of the system, a time difference can be derived, and the historical inter-frame speed can be estimated. Similarly, after passing an MLP, the embedding of the speed can be obtained. By making a simple concat, the final historical embedding can be obtained and input to the trajectory.

After the model is output, some of it will be analyzed in CPU. For Track query and Detect query, the model output itself will analyze the position, length, width, height, orientation angle, Score confidence and so on. The function of track management is to screen out the Track query of the next frame. Two thresholds are set here. A higher threshold is to filter out the tracked query with higher confidence from all the queries, that is, the tracked query, and identify the newly generated target in the current frame. For the newly generated target, a current maximum id value of +1 is given, and its disappearance time is initialized to 0. For setting a low threshold, I want to recall those targets that have been tracked before, but have low confidence in the current frame due to occlusion and other reasons. If it can be greater than this threshold, and the disappearance time is not greater than the set time, it will continue to be preserved. If the time of disappearance (disp_times) has been greater than the threshold of the number of frames that can be dropped, we will definitely drop this target in this frame.

For the analysis of velocity, the model itself can be directly output, and kinematics post-processing will be added after it comes out. The "z" here is the length, width, height and speed (attribute) of the previous output, which we call observation. The model will also learn from the gain matrix of Kalman, avoiding calculating "k" on CPU, and finally giving the filtered state quantity to the downstream. Compared with the unfiltered operation, this operation has a 19% improvement in speed accuracy. From the visual performance, the speed does appear smoother after this. When updating the embedding of Track query in the next frame, the historical embedding generated in Memory bank will be used. The details of QIM will not be expanded, so you can refer to the implementation of MOTR.

Take a closer look at the performance of the end-to-end model. End-to-end comparison is only detection, tracking and speed estimation through post-processing. The baseline detection compared here is already 3D detection on BEV. Compared with the original 2D detection, it has obvious advantages in ranging. Blue and green are the vertical error percentages of 2D detection in different distance segments, and red and purple are BEV3D. It can be seen that the end-to-end model is more advantageous than BEV3D on the basis of this better baseline.

First of all, take a look at ranging and speed measurement. From end to end, ranging and velocity measurement have obvious advantages on three kinds of dynamic obstacles. The lower the error here, the better, and here is the percentage of error reduction, especially the speed advantage is particularly obvious. Trajectory comparison is a cascade model, its input is the dynamic post-processing of 3D detection on BEV, and some vector information of lane line static post-processing after environmental reconstruction, which is a separate trajectory prediction model. The end-to-end input is the image, and the direct output is the trajectory. Compared with the two, end-to-end has obvious advantages in the position error of this point series.

Here is also a visual video. The box in the picture is the target, the yellow line represents the horizontal and vertical speed, and the pink line is the trajectory. It can be seen that the target coming from the right can appear stably when it passes in front, although it is blocked by the target here. For the speed advantage mentioned just now, especially for the target parked next to it, if it is a detection frame, once the jitter is beyond the range of post-processing energy cover, there will be a relatively large speed, which will trigger a trajectory and cause some brakes of the car. Like here, parked next to it is very stable, and the speed is basically consistent with reality.

05

Real vehicle deployment and closed-loop verification

The last part introduces several key problems related to the model when the real vehicle is closed-loop.

First of all, the model must be quantified and compiled before deployment. Professional quantitative processes and methods, we also arranged an open class to share later. I mainly look at this matter from the perspective of a user.

For the general model, such as CNN-based, we directly single-task float and directly train qat after training, which basically does not lose points. A freezebn will be added in the middle of multiple tasks, so that the counted bn can be applied to each task.

For complex models, a step calibration will be added. The key point here is calibration. Take our end-to-end model deployment as an example. As far as the single-task model is concerned, there are many drop points in the early end-to-end direct float training qat. After consulting my colleagues in the tool chain, I suggest that we do calibration. However, after calibration, it is found that although qat has been greatly improved, it still has a big gap with float. Colleagues in the tool chain suggest fixing the scale of weight or feature. Actually, it is more effective to fix the scale of the feature, but it does not completely solve the problem of qat output of the above tasks from end to end.

So what’s the problem? I also went to some pits. In fact, it is very simple to think about it now. We need to calculate the appropriate feature scale and select the appropriate data when doing calibration. For example, in the early stage, we used the data of urban scenes to estimate the feature scale of speed, and found that the qat index of the trained qat model in high-speed scenes was worse than that of the float. Later, through the tools of the tool chain, the model was analyzed layer by layer and it was found that the problems on the model could not be found. If there is nothing wrong with the model, it is a problem with the data. Finally, we use a high-speed data set. Because calibration itself has few training steps, it is necessary to select the quantity that can cover the perception and reach the upper and lower limits of the maximum and minimum values, so as to estimate a more suitable quantitative scale.

Despite this step, the problem of quantification has been greatly solved. However, the standard of tool chain is generally that the gap between qat and float cannot be greater than 1%. After these two steps, it still can’t reach this level. So what else went wrong? Later, it was also a groping, and it was found that many quantities of 3D perception on BEV were physically meaningful. The final conclusion is to fix the scale for some physical computing layers. Where does the fixed scale come from? For example, as mentioned earlier, the feature on the query index BEV has warping operation, and it has clear physical significance to calculate the two inputs of offset. When the model structure is determined, the maximum and minimum values of the meshgrid on BEV, as well as the maximum and minimum values of the query index, have been determined, so that the maximum and minimum values of the matrix can be calculated, and then the fixed scale can be calculated.

For example, taking odometry as the model input, the data of calibration may be collected at a medium speed, but the speed of the self-propelled vehicle may also change during the actual large-scale data training. Therefore, the maximum and minimum values can also be obtained for this physical quantity with clear rules. With a similar idea, check some numerical calculation layers with physical significance in the network and calculate the fixed scale. Through these operations, the qat problem of the end-to-end model is solved, and it is also a lot of experience. Let’s share it with you.

Quantization is compilation. Compilation means that the compiler directly converts the intermediate format hbir from qat, and finally gets the hbm format deployed on the real board. The specific details are also shared and introduced later. Here is mainly about the performance of BEV perception in actual deployment.

The large-scale BEV is the perception range of 100 forward, 30 backward and 50 left and right respectively, and the small-scale BEV is the perception range of 20 forward and 10 meters in the other three directions, so as to do the element perception on BEV. On the single core of Journey 5, such as a small parking area, the multi-task model of single core and single frame can reach more than 70fps; The wide range of driving can also reach more than 30fps. Even with end-to-end, the model directly output to trajectory prediction can reach more than 20fps, which is in the case of single core. There are two cores on Journey 5, and the frame rate can be further improved in model scheduling.

At the time of deployment, the generalization of the model is tested. Because the model of the customer’s car is different, the corresponding camera installation position and orientation may be different. Our BEV model, especially in the prototype development stage, has many customers who have been verified in the early stage, so a model can support the deployment of multiple models as much as possible, which requires a high generalization of the model. We have also explored a lot, and finally found that the four-plane spatial fusion method introduced earlier has laid a good foundation at the beginning. The example given here is that the training data are all collected by SUV, and the data of cars are used for evaluation. If it is a single plane, it has more than seven drop points compared with four planes.

On the basis of better generalization of the four planes, we will develop some enhancement strategies for training. There are two effective methods here: one is that the BEV model disturbs the image by the camera rpy in one stage, simulates the bumps in the process of vehicle driving, and enhances the image; In addition, it is assumed that the plane is in the place where the angle of view is converted, and then the plane enhancement is made on the plane where the camera leaves VCS, which is also assumed to be the disturbance of rpy.

With these two disturbance strategies, this performance (AP 72.60) can be achieved in the training and training of SUV models and measured in the car data set, which is similar to the performance of an adaptive car model that we have trained with nearly 1 million data collected in about 20 days. Therefore, these strategic feature ensure the generalization of our current BEV perception model in actual deployment.

After deployment, the speed of closed-loop iteration of the model is tested. Especially in the verification stage of the previous prototype scheme, the demo closed-loop verification of different real vehicle installation and deployment is supported through a total version. For the BEV training framework, any camera configuration can be supported. For example, 11v/9v/7v, 7v may replace the 4v panoramic view with 4v fisheye, or any other multiple perspectives, all of which can participate in the model training. When deploying, compile according to the corresponding camera configuration, and then you can do the corresponding test.

The other is the training speed of the model, especially after the time series fusion. Without optimization, if a single frame is trained for 5 days and 10 frames are linear, it will bring 10 times the training time, which is definitely unacceptable. We definitely need to do optimization, and some students who have developed the framework specially guide us to do optimization. At present, the training speed has increased by 56% after optimization.

Specifically, at present, the multi-task release, multi-task with more than a dozen task heads, and the end-to-end training of time sequence can be completed within one week. The later evaluation or the case CICD of some historical data are all automated, thus ensuring the efficiency of the training and distribution step.

Another important factor, especially in the early stage of real vehicle testing, will feed back some non-working case-bad case data. How to use these data in training? There are generally two kinds of optimization for Badcase: one is to mine from the collected data, which is more conventional; The other is to be able to use the returned Badcase data directly.

For things like 2D perception, the link we did in mass production before was relatively mature. For BEV perception, the difference is to see how the model of the brush library comes from or how the data sent to the target comes from. For dynamics, a pure visual large model is used, which is not limited by on-board op and computational power. We have a big model team, and the pure visual BEV big model specially developed has also been used in the dynamic Badcase processing link to generate a pseudo GT to participate in the training. Static, a purely visual mapping scheme, can also send the base map to the standard, and has been deployed to the static perception Badcase link on BEV. In fact, after the deployment of the model, many of them are infrastructure problems. At present, the infrastructure of horizon’s perception of BEV is basically mature.

That’s all I shared today, mainly to convey a few meanings. First of all, based on the fact that Journey 5 can do many things, we have also done many things on it. For the BEV sensing scheme, we can see that we have a better baseline for reference and iteration, so the conclusion is relatively solid.

In addition, if some online students are developing based on Journey 5, or are about to develop based on Journey 5, when you encounter quantitative problems, don’t give up too early. Besides considering the model structure, analyze the data from the perspective of physical meaning and give it a suitable scale.

Finally, I wish everyone a smooth development, and my sharing today is over. Thank you!

　　Xinhua News Agency, Taiyuan, August 18th (Reporter Fan Xinyang, Zhang Zhe) From early morning till late at night, the emergency department never "closes". Whether it is the first aid in the middle of the night or the ward round in the morning, every moment of persistence is awe and commitment to life.

　　August 19th is the Physician’s Day in China. The reporter recorded the 24-hour working status of the emergency department of Shanxi Bethune Hospital (Tongji Shanxi Hospital) in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province.

　　17 o’clock

　　5 pm is the time when many people are ready to get off work, but for the emergency department, the real busy period has just begun. At this time, outside the emergency room, patients have begun to line up in turn, and emergency doctors respond to every "critical and urgent" patient quickly and orderly, guarding every life in need with professionalism and dedication.

　　18 o’clock

　　At 8 am and 6 pm, it is the emergency shift time. Each round of emergency doctors need to be on duty for about 12 hours, and there are usually a new group of patients from 8 am to noon. The emergency department in the afternoon is a little quiet, and the emergency department enters a busy period at 6 pm.

　　19 o’clock

　　At 7 o’clock in the evening, the head nurse organized new nurses and intern nurses to study the theoretical knowledge of emergency and practice training in the conference room, and one of them was reporting her own topic.

　　20 o’clock

　　Entrusted by the emergency doctor, the nurse, together with the patient’s family, accompanied the patient to do brain CT. In the emergency department, all examinations, instruments and equipment are on-line all the time to protect patients’ lives and health at all times.

　　<扑克游戏> Blackjack <时间> 9 p.m./nine o’clock at night

　　Unlike other departments that sort out cases at fixed points, in emergency, doctors will sort out cases at any time and recycle them to the medical record department in time. Medical record recovery plays an important role in protecting patients’ privacy, improving medical quality and safety, and assisting medical research and education.

　　22 o’clock

　　At 10 o’clock in the evening, the nurse first established venous access for patients entering the emergency room.

　　23 o’clock

　　At 11 o’clock in the evening, an 88-year-old man suddenly suffered from renal failure in the emergency room. The emergency doctor performed femoral vein puncture for him and performed hemofiltration at the bedside.

　　0 o’clock

　　The emergency room ward in the middle of the night is different from the wards of other departments in the hospital. New patients may flood in at any time, and existing patients may also have new emergencies. In the early hours of the morning, compared with the tranquility of other wards, emergency doctors, nurses and patients’ families are still busy in the ward.

　　1 o’clock

　　At 1 o’clock in the morning, an old man in the emergency ward was diagnosed with intracranial infection, and the emergency doctor called the doctor on duty in the neurology department for consultation. According to the regulations, under normal circumstances, patients can’t stay in the emergency department for more than 24 hours, so emergency doctors need to find the most suitable treatment plan for patients within a limited time. Call doctors from all departments of the hospital at any time to assist in diagnosis and treatment, in order to facilitate the patient’s subsequent hospitalization.

　　2 o’clock

　　The early morning is a busy time in the emergency surgical rescue room. Patients injured in unexpected situations such as car accidents were sent to the emergency department. After transporting a patient injured in a car accident, the 120 ambulance team is cleaning up the blood stains on the ambulance.

　　3-4 o’clock

　　The emergency room in the middle of the night is rarely quiet. In the corner of the emergency hall, there are several stretchers on standby. "We definitely hope that there will be fewer patients, and it is best not to use these stretchers." An emergency doctor said.

　　5 o’clock

　　At dawn, the emergency department returned to some tranquility, and the emergency doctor on duty finally had time to lie in the rest room for a while, preparing for the morning shift and rounds.

　　6 o’clock

　　At 6 o’clock in the morning, the emergency doctor on the night shift finally had a chance to eat something to replenish his strength. The doctor on duty was sending breakfast pancakes to the lounge and informing other doctors and nurses in the WeChat group to take time to eat.

　　7 o’clock

　　At 7 o’clock in the morning, many people just got up to go out to work, and emergency doctors have been on standby for a long time, always ready to deal with emergencies. At this time, the instruments in the emergency ward are fully on standby, ready to provide services for new patients. The difference between the emergency department and other departments is that all kinds of rescue equipment are concentrated here, and you can find a transfer ventilator, Saab resuscitator, electrocardiogram machine and so on in one ward. Emergency doctors not only need to respond quickly, but also operate these devices skillfully, and strive to rescue patients effectively in the first time.

　　8 o’clock

　　At 8 o’clock in the morning, the emergency doctors on the night shift began to hand over to the doctors on the day shift, from the triage desk, nurses to doctors to introduce the existing patients in the ward in turn. Beginning with the handover, but not limited to the handover, the emergency director usually discusses the patient’s situation and the follow-up treatment at the handover meeting.

　　9 o’clock

　　After handing over the basic situation, two classes of doctors will come to the ward of the emergency room to further confirm and discuss the patient’s data and complete the final handover between day and night.

　　ten o’clock

　　The patients in the emergency observation room are a relatively minor group in the whole emergency ward. Compared with other emergency patients, they may be lucky enough to leave the emergency room after infusion.

　　11 o’clock

　　Near noon, several workers were in the emergency room, and their arms were injured while working on the construction site. Among the patients admitted to the surgical emergency department, people engaged in high-risk manual labor account for a relatively high proportion.

　　12 o ‘clock

　　Family members of patients bring hot porridge cooked at home for patients with mobility difficulties. Family care and love is the most simple and warm scene in the emergency room.

　　13 o’clock

　　At 1 o’clock in the afternoon, outside the emergency room, the patient’s family hurriedly pushed a patient. The patient was unconscious and lost consciousness. The nurse hurriedly pushed the patient into the emergency treatment room and quickly informed the emergency doctor.

　　14 o’clock

　　120 Emergency Center personnel go to the triage desk to connect the patient information and situation with the nurse after completing the patient transportation. Race against time and life, the shirts of 120 ambulance workers have been soaked with sweat.

　　15 o’clock

　　In the afternoon, the emergency department is a relatively relaxing time, and it is rare to be quiet in the emergency department. Families in twos and threes rest in the empty corridor.

　　16 o’clock

　　If there are no new patients in the emergency rescue room, nurses will use their spare time to practice the rescue practice skill-"simple respirator assisted breathing", which can assist patients with ventilation disorders to increase ventilation and improve ventilation function.

　　Through the moments recorded by the camera, we can see that whether it is waiting in the morning or racing against time in the evening, the emergency department doctors and nurses are always in the front line, striving for precious time for every life in need with selfless dedication and professional skills.

　　On the occasion of China Physician’s Day, I pay tribute to these medical workers who are guarding the front line of life.

　　Moral education curriculum is the most important carrier of moral education in primary schools. Reviewing the changes of moral education curriculum in primary schools since the founding of New China 70 years ago, and summarizing the experience of moral education curriculum construction will help to better implement the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue and cultivate socialist builders and successors.

　　Four stages of the development of moral education curriculum in primary schools and their characteristics of the times

　　Before the reform and opening up &mdash; &mdash;

　　There is no unified moral education curriculum.

　　In March, 1952, the Ministry of Education promulgated the Provisional Regulations for Primary Schools (Draft), pointing out that primary education should "give children a comprehensive basic education", in which the purpose of moral education is to make children have good qualities such as patriotism, national morality, honesty, courage, unity, mutual assistance and discipline, and the main content is the "five loves" education of loving the motherland, people, labor, science and public property. In 1953, the State Council issued the Instruction on Rectifying and Improving Primary School Education, and primary school moral education began to emphasize the education of daily behavior norms. The first primary code, published in 1955, put forward specific requirements for the daily behavior norms of primary school students. Generally speaking, from the founding of New China to 1956, moral education in primary schools focused on the cultivation of moral quality and behavior habits, which was more in line with children’s characteristics. However, with the expansion of the "anti-Rightist" struggle in 1957, this situation has undergone great changes.

　　In April 1958, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a national conference on education. The meeting pointed out that education is a tool of class struggle and should serve politics and production. In September of the same year, the Instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Education clearly stated that "the Party’s educational policy is that education serves the politics of the proletariat and combines education with productive labor". Since then, moral education courses have shifted from paying attention to moral education to political education. Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places took the lead in setting up political courses in primary schools, and then gradually expanded to most parts of the country. At the same time, the Ministry of Education requires primary schools to add a class meeting every week to educate students on current affairs and politics, and the political tendency of moral education in primary schools begins. During the ten-year "Cultural Revolution" that began in 1966, the normal school education order was destroyed and school moral education was completely politicized.

　　Reform and opening up to the end of the 20th century &mdash; &mdash;

　　From political lessons to ideological and moral lessons

　　Before the reform and opening up, there was no unified national curriculum for moral education in primary schools. In 1978, the Ministry of Education promulgated the "Trial Draft of Full-time Ten-year Primary and Secondary School Teaching Plan", which stipulated that politics classes should be offered in the fourth and fifth grades of primary schools, with two class hours per week, mainly to carry out preliminary communist ideological education and necessary political knowledge education. The unified political course has not changed the political tendency of moral education in primary schools, but it was abolished in 1981, so it can be regarded as a transition. However, it is the first time in New China to explicitly set up a political course in the teaching plan, which is of great institutional significance for moral education to get on the right track.

　　From April 22 to May 7, 1979, the Ministry of Education held a national symposium on ideological and political education in primary and secondary schools. After the symposium, the Minutes of the National Symposium on Ideological and Political Education in Primary and Secondary Schools were issued, which criticized the formalism and adult practices in moral education and pointed out that "the ideological and political work of primary and secondary school students must proceed from reality, pay attention to the age characteristics of teenagers, be targeted and stress practical results". This has played a positive role in correcting the politicization and adult tendency of primary school political lessons. In March 1981, the Ministry of Education promulgated the "Full-time Five-year Primary School Teaching Plan (Revised Draft)". In the "Explanation on Revising the Teaching Plan of Full-time Five-year Primary School", it is pointed out in particular: "At present, the political lessons in the fourth and fifth grades are divorced from the students’ ideological reality, and the effect is not good. According to the spirit of adhering to the Four Cardinal Principles and strengthening ideological education for young people, the current political class will be changed into an ideological and moral class, with one class hour per week for grades one to five. " From the primary school political lesson in 1978 to the primary school ideological and moral lesson in 1981, this important change has effectively corrected the tendency of politicization and adulthood of primary school moral education, and turned primary school moral education into cultivating students’ moral quality.

　　In 1982, the Ministry of Education promulgated the "Teaching Outline of Ideological and Moral Courses for Full-time Five-year Primary Schools (Trial Draft)", stating that the purpose of ideological and moral courses for primary school students is to "make primary school students initially have communist moral quality and good behavior habits, and aspire to be workers with ideals, morality, culture and discipline, so as to lay an ideological foundation for training them to be successors of the proletarian cause". Around this goal, the ideological and moral course takes "five loves" (love the motherland, love the people, love labor, love science and love socialism) as its basic content, and combines with the implementation of primary code to educate primary school students on the moral quality and behavior norms that citizens in socialist countries should have, and strives to arrange the teaching content reasonably according to the age characteristics of primary school students. This is the first time that New China has systematically and scientifically constructed the content system of moral education courses in primary schools. Later, according to the requirements of social development and the needs of the situation, the syllabus of ideological and moral course in primary schools (1986), the syllabus of ideological and moral course in full-time primary schools with nine-year compulsory education (preliminary draft) (1990) and the syllabus of ideological and moral course in full-time primary schools with nine-year compulsory education (for trial implementation) (1992) were promulgated successively. Through the continuous revision of the syllabus, the content of ideological and moral course is more in line with the age characteristics of primary school students, and it is more moral enlightenment and life-oriented for primary school students.

　　In 1994, "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Strengthening and Improving Moral Education in Schools" was promulgated, pointing out that the moral education system in schools should be planned as a whole. To implement this opinion, in 1997, the State Education Commission issued "Curriculum Standards for Ideological and Moral Courses in Primary Schools and Junior High Schools in Nine-year Compulsory Education (Trial)", which is the first time to replace the syllabus with curriculum standards, and to determine the teaching objectives and requirements of moral education courses in primary schools and junior high schools as a whole, plan the teaching content system of ideological and moral courses in primary schools and junior high schools, and complete the task of integrating ideological and moral courses in primary schools with junior high schools.

　　Compared with the previous syllabus, the curriculum standard of primary school ideological and moral course in 1997 emphasized the cultivation of good moral quality and civilized behavior habits, and highlighted the foundation and extensiveness of moral education. In the form, it emphasizes the hierarchy, stage, continuity, step by step and spiral rise of teaching.

　　New Curriculum Reform in the 21st Century &mdash; &mdash;

　　Offering courses on morality and life, morality and society in stages.

　　In 2000, the general offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving Moral Education in Primary and Secondary Schools to Adapt to the New Situation, proposing that we should proceed from reality, thoroughly study the current ideological and moral characteristics of students, revise the curriculum standards of ideological and moral courses in primary schools and ideological and political courses in middle schools, further reform and improve the teaching content, and strive to build a moral education curriculum system in primary and secondary schools to meet the needs of development in the 21st century. According to this opinion, the Ministry of Education made necessary revisions to the curriculum standards of ideological and moral education in 1997, and in 2001, it promulgated the Curriculum Standards of Ideological and Moral Education in Primary Schools and Ideological and Political Education in Junior High Schools for Nine-year Compulsory Education (Revised). However, with the start of the new curriculum reform in 2001, the ideological and moral course has been changed into moral and life, moral and society, with new curriculum standards. In 2001, the curriculum standards of ideological and moral education in primary schools only played a transitional role.

　　In June 2001, the Ministry of Education promulgated the Outline of Basic Education Curriculum Reform (Trial). The "Outline" proposes "to set up a nine-year compulsory education curriculum as a whole". In primary school, comprehensive courses are the main courses, and morality and life are offered in lower grades, while morality and society are offered in middle and high grades. In 2002, the Ministry of Education officially promulgated the Curriculum Standards of Morality and Life in Full-time Compulsory Education (experimental draft) and the Curriculum Standards of Morality and Society in Full-time Compulsory Education (experimental draft).

　　From ideological and moral course to moral and life, moral and society, these two course standards and ideological and moral course standards have changed greatly in course nature and design ideas. The changed course name emphasizes activity and comprehensiveness more, which is more suitable for the characteristics of primary school students in low and middle grades. Moral and life curriculum is connected with kindergarten curriculum, which is an active comprehensive curriculum based on children’s life and aimed at cultivating children with good moral character, willingness to explore and love life. It is designed according to three axes: children and self, children and society, and children and nature. Morality and Society course is a comprehensive course based on children’s social life and promoting students’ good moral character formation and social development. It focuses on children’s social life, from individual, family, school to community, hometown, motherland and the world, and forms six modules, such as "I am growing", "I am with my family", "I am with my school", "I am Chinese" and "approaching the world". In 2011, the state promulgated the curriculum standards of Morality and Life, Morality and Society (2011 edition), which kept pace with the times in content and reflected the requirements of the times. At this stage, the management of teaching materials is "one syllabus and many books", which is examined and approved by the textbook review Committee of primary and secondary schools of the Ministry of Education.Multiple sets of teaching materials are selected for use at the same time.

　　Entering a new era &mdash; &mdash;

　　Use the unified textbook "Morality and Rule of Law"

　　On October 23, 2014, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee adopted the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Advancing the Rule of Law, which proposed that the rule of law education should be integrated into the national education system, and the rule of law knowledge courses should be set up in primary and secondary schools. To implement this Decision, in June, 2016, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Justice and the National Law Popularization Office jointly issued the Outline of Youth’s Legal Education, requiring timely and corresponding revision of moral education curriculum standards in primary and secondary schools to complete the teaching content required by the outline. Starting from the fall semester of 2016, the state has changed Morality and Life, Morality and Society in primary schools and Ideology and Morality in junior high schools into Morality and Rule of Law, and set up special books on the rule of law in the second volume of grade six and the first volume of grade eight.

　　On the one hand, the compilation of the textbook Morality and Rule of Law for primary schools is based on the curriculum standards of Morality and Life, Morality and Society and the Outline of Education for Teenagers under the Rule of Law; on the other hand, it is based on the fundamental task of cultivating people in the new era, highlighting the guidance of socialist core values, and strengthening the education of Chinese excellent traditional culture, revolutionary culture, rule of law, national sovereignty awareness and national unity. "Morality and Rule of Law" is compiled by the Ministry of Education, with "one syllabus and one book", reviewed by the National Textbook Committee and used nationwide. Since 2017, the unified textbooks have been used in the first and seventh grades, in the second and eighth grades in 2018, and in the autumn of 2019, all grades will be fully covered. In January 2019, the Ministry of Education initiated the revision of the curriculum standards for compulsory education, and the curriculum standards for Morality and Rule of Law are currently being formulated.

　　Future-oriented,Constructing the overall moral education curriculum suitable for children

　　Since the founding of New China 70 years ago, moral education courses in primary schools have grown from scratch, from political lessons to ideological and moral lessons, from ideological and moral lessons to morality and life, morality and society, and then to morality and rule of law in the new era. The course has both a changing side and a constant side. What remains unchanged is the initial intention of moral education curriculum &mdash; &mdash; To cultivate all-round socialist builders and successors, the contents and organizational forms of moral education have changed, such as from a single political education to paying attention to moral education and then to both morality and law, from instilling political dogma to constructing children’s moral life, from meeting the requirements of society to meeting the common needs of social development and individual development, from "one program with many books", choosing to use one program with one book, and using it in a unified way.

　　Looking forward to the new era, the development of moral education curriculum in primary schools should achieve four points: first, put the moral education curriculum in primary schools into the overall framework of "the integration of moral education in colleges, middle schools and primary schools" and design the moral education curriculum in primary schools step by step and spirally. Second, take children as the center, construct children’s moral life, including children’s communication life with themselves, others, society, country and the world, transcend individuals and realize the integration of individuals and society. Third, construct the content system of "Great Moral Education" course. Moral education is not only a political course, but also an ideological and moral course. It is a "grand moral education" that includes ideological and political education, moral education, rule of law education, psychological education and traditional culture education. The content of moral education not only has a stable side, but also keeps pace with the times and embodies the times. Fourth, highlight the national will of moral education curriculum. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Ideological and political course is the key course to implement the fundamental task of Lide Shuren." In the new era, we must adhere to the Party’s overall leadership over the construction of ideological and political courses, make unremitting efforts to cultivate people with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, the supreme leader of the new era, strive to cultivate new people of the times who are responsible for national rejuvenation, and cultivate socialist builders and successors who are fully developed morally, intellectually, physically and artistically.

　　(The author is distinguished professor, director of the Institute of Moral Education of Nanjing Normal University and Changjiang Scholar of the Ministry of Education)

　　The Central Rural Work Conference was held in Beijing from December 28th to 29th. The meeting put forward the road of rural revitalization in Socialism with Chinese characteristics for the first time, and clearly defined the timetable and road map of rural revitalization strategy. The meeting made it clear that by 2020, important progress will be made in rural revitalization, and the institutional framework and policy system will basically take shape; By 2035, decisive progress will be made in rural revitalization and agricultural and rural modernization will be basically realized; By 2050, the countryside will be fully revitalized, and strong agriculture, rural beauty and farmers’ wealth will be fully realized.

　　The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the strategy of rural revitalization for the first time. This is the general strategy to promote China’s agricultural and rural modernization in the future, and it is also the general starting point for China’s "three rural" work in the future. To truly revitalize the countryside, we must use the idea of reform and innovation to remove all kinds of obstacles that hinder the development of agriculture and rural areas, stimulate the potential of various rural elements and the vitality of various subjects, and continuously inject new kinetic energy into the development of agriculture and rural areas.

　　First, closely focus on the fundamental goal of simultaneous modernization of agriculture and rural areas

　　Since the beginning of the new century, how to build a well-off society in an all-round way has become a top priority for China’s economic and social development. The 16th, 17th and 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China are all based on the strategic goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in 2020, and put forward requirements and arrangements for the work concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that it is an important task for building a well-off society in an all-round way to coordinate urban and rural economic and social development, build modern agriculture, develop rural economy and increase farmers’ income. The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that it is necessary to strengthen the basic position of agriculture, take the road of agricultural modernization with China characteristics, establish a long-term mechanism to promote agriculture through industry and bring rural areas through cities, and form a new pattern of integration of urban and rural economic and social development. The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China once again stressed that the integration of urban and rural development is the fundamental way to solve the problems concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers. It is necessary to intensify the overall planning of urban and rural development, enhance the vitality of rural development, gradually narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, and promote the common prosperity of urban and rural areas. Under the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee, in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way in the past decade or so, China’s agricultural and rural development has made historic achievements and undergone historic changes.

　　While affirming the achievements, we should also be soberly aware that the dual structure of urban and rural areas is obviously still the biggest structural problem in China at present, and the lagging development of agriculture and rural areas is the most prominent manifestation of insufficient development imbalance in China. From the perspective of income and consumption, although the income and consumption expenditure of rural residents have increased faster than that of urban residents in recent years, in 2016, the per capita income and consumption expenditure of urban residents in China were still as high as 2.72 times and 2.28 times that of rural residents, respectively, and the penetration rate gap of household cars, air conditioners, computers and other durable consumer goods between urban and rural residents is still very large. From the perspective of overall labor productivity, in 2016, non-agricultural industries reached 121,300 yuan per capita, while agriculture was only 29,600 yuan, the former was 4.09 times that of the latter. From the perspective of infrastructure, in 2016, 46.2% of rural households in the country used ordinary dry toilets, and even 2% of households did not have toilets; 26.1% of village domestic garbage and 82.6% of village domestic sewage have not been treated centrally or partially; 38.1% of the main roads in the village have no street lamps. From the perspective of basic public services, in 2016, 67.7% of the villages did not have kindergartens or nurseries; 18.1% of villages have no clinics, and 45.1% of villages have no licensed (assistant) doctors. From the perspective of social security, the current rural minimum living security, new rural insurance and new rural cooperative medical insurance standards are also significantly lower than those of urban residents and urban workers. This is only the gap in quantity. If we look at the quality, the gap between urban and rural areas will be even greater.

　　According to the deployment of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China will basically realize socialist modernization in 2035, which is 15 years ahead of the previous deployment. In 2050, China will be built into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modernization power, which is higher than the goal described before. Although new changes and progress will take place in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way in the next three years, the dual structure of urban and rural areas in China will still be quite prominent when the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way is achieved in 2020. From this starting point, China will enter a new journey of building socialist modernization in an all-round way. How to keep up with the pace of national modernization in agricultural and rural development is a major challenge before us. If the key to a well-off society depends on fellow villagers, then it can also be said that the key to modernization is agriculture and rural areas. The fundamental starting point of implementing the rural revitalization strategy is to keep the modernization of agriculture and rural areas in sync with the modernization of the whole country.

　　Second, firmly grasp the two principles of priority development and integrated development

　　Under the background of the obvious dual structure of urban and rural areas, in order to promote the synchronization of agricultural and rural modernization and national modernization, we must deepen our understanding of the important assertion that "the problem of farmers in agricultural and rural areas is a fundamental problem related to the national economy and people’s livelihood" and truly "always solve &lsquo; Agriculture, countryside and farmers &rsquo; The issue is the top priority of the whole party’s work. " In particular, it is necessary to implement the new development concept and adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas and the integration of urban and rural development.

　　Adhering to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas means giving full play to the role of the tangible hand of the government and making efforts to make up for the shortcomings of national modernization. The focus is on two aspects: first, promote the priority allocation of public resources to agriculture and rural areas. This is an urgent need to eliminate the stock gap of basic public services between urban and rural areas, and it is also an inevitable requirement to prevent the incremental gap of basic public services between urban and rural areas. After years of hard work, the "four beams and eight pillars" of the rural basic public service system have been set up, realizing a historic change from "nothing" to "something". At present, the main problem is that the gap between urban and rural areas in the field of public services is still too large, and the level of protection of rural public services is too low. We should take "having" as the main direction, continue to promote the integrated development of urban and rural compulsory education, focus on improving the quality and convenience of rural compulsory education, improve the basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents, focus on increasing farmers’ basic pension, improve the unified basic medical insurance system and serious illness insurance system for urban and rural residents, focus on increasing the proportion of farmers’ reimbursement, coordinate the urban and rural social assistance system, and focus on improving the standard and coverage of rural minimum living security. Increase investment in rural roads, water supply, power supply, communications and other infrastructure, and accelerate the construction of rural domestic garbage and sewage treatment capacity. The second is to improve the effectiveness of agricultural support and protection policies. In recent two years, the state has begun to adjust and improve agricultural support and protection policies.Such as the implementation of cotton target price subsidy pilot, the implementation of corn "market acquisition+producer subsidies", and the promotion of agricultural "three subsidies" system reform. In the future, China’s agricultural support and protection policy should continue to increase, and the key is to adjust the focus of the policy. We should highlight the direction of competitiveness, increase investment in farmland water conservancy, land consolidation, agricultural science and technology, and professional farmers’ training, so as to promote agricultural cost reduction and efficiency improvement. We should also highlight the direction of green ecology, increase investment in returning farmland to forests, returning farmland to wet areas and beaches, water-saving irrigation, farmland fertility protection, reduction of fertilizers and pesticides, recovery of agricultural wastes, over-exploitation of groundwater and treatment of areas polluted by heavy metals, so as to promote the sustainable development of agriculture.

　　Adhering to the integrated development of urban and rural areas means giving play to the role of the invisible hand of the market and making great efforts to promote the quality change, efficiency change and power change of agricultural and rural development. China’s agriculture and rural areas have changed from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. To achieve high-quality development requires the rationalization of urban and rural resource allocation and the integration of urban and rural industrial development. In the future, solving the problems concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers will depend on the strength of towns, and solving the problems of cities will also depend on the strength of villages. Cities and villages should be harmonious, interactive and interdependent. First, rural areas should respond sensitively to the new needs of cities and towns. The demand of urban residents for agricultural products has been well met, but the demand for agricultural products quality has not been well met; Rural areas are required to provide not only sufficient and safe material products, but also ecological products such as clean air, clean water, quiet rural scenery, and spiritual products such as farming culture and homesickness. To catch these new demands, we should accelerate the transformation of agricultural development from increasing production to improving quality, and vigorously develop new industries and formats such as rural leisure tourism and old-age care. Second, cities and towns should respond sensitively to the new needs of rural areas. To develop resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture, new fertilizers and low-toxicity and high-efficiency pesticides are urgently needed; To promote "machine substitution" in the agricultural field and improve agricultural labor productivity, agricultural machinery with high cost performance is urgently needed, especially small agricultural machinery suitable for hilly and mountainous areas and cash crop production; Improve the rural living environment, improve the quality of life of farmers,There is an urgent need for new building decoration materials, solid and durable garbage and sewage treatment equipment, economical and applicable kitchen and bathroom and other household necessities. To catch these new demands, we should speed up the adjustment of the technical structure and product structure of industrial departments and improve the pertinence and efficiency of "industrial products going to the countryside".

　　Third, earnestly grasp the three keys of "people, land and money"

　　The implementation of rural revitalization strategy is a systematic project, which requires scientific planning and comprehensive promotion of various revitalization measures in accordance with the general requirements of "prosperous industry, ecologically livable, civilized rural customs, effective governance and affluent life". The core is to grasp the three keys of "people, land and money":

　　(a) to promote the decline in the proportion of rural population and structural optimization. In 2016, the proportion of rural population in China is still as high as 42.65%, and the proportion of employment in the primary industry is also as high as 27.7%. A considerable part of the urban resident population from rural areas has not been fully integrated into the towns where they are employed and live. Generally speaking, China is still in the development stage of "to be rich, farmers must be reduced". We must unswervingly promote the new urbanization with people as the core and continue to promote the rural population to enter cities and the transfer of agricultural labor force. At the same time, we should also note that the rural population entering the city and the transfer of agricultural labor force in China are characterized by "elite immigrants", and the population entering the city and the transferred labor force are obviously superior to those staying in the countryside in terms of age, education level and gender ratio. To realize rural revitalization, we must pay attention to optimizing the rural population structure and improving the quality of rural human capital while promoting the decline of the proportion of rural population. It is necessary to optimize the structure of agricultural practitioners and speed up the training of modern young farmers, leaders of new agricultural business entities and agricultural professional managers. We should not only pay attention to discovering and cultivating new professional farmers from those who are still in rural areas, but also pay attention to guiding some willing migrant workers to return home, college students who have come out of rural areas to return home, and all kinds of talents who have grown up in cities to the countryside, and introduce modern science and technology, production methods and business models into agriculture and rural areas. Speed up the training of a "three rural" work team that understands agriculture, loves the countryside and loves farmers.Comprehensively improve the ability and level of national civil servants, scientific and technological personnel, teachers and doctors in rural areas.

　　(2) Accelerate the establishment of a land security mechanism for rural revitalization. Deepening the reform of rural land system is an urgent need to promote the construction of modern agriculture and develop new industries and formats in rural areas. First, we should improve the method of "separation of powers" in rural land with the goal of agricultural modernization. With the changes in the employment structure, income structure and even residence of contractors, the gradual withdrawal of the "first generation of farmers", the reluctance of Nong Erdai to farm, and the improvement of the social security system in urban and rural areas, the livelihood guarantee function of contracted land is declining, and the function of production factors is highlighted. Therefore, we should adjust and improve the empowerment of collective ownership, farmers’ contracting rights and land management rights to prevent land abandonment and excessive increase in land rent. Second, we should improve the management policy of agricultural facilities land. More flexible and relaxed management policies should be implemented for facilities such as cold chain, primary processing, leisure picking and storage of agricultural products, and supporting land such as parking lots, toilets and restaurants. Third, we should optimize the layout of urban and rural construction land. Effectively implement the existing policy of "determining a certain proportion of the annual new construction land plan indicators to support new rural industries and new formats". Prudently improve the operation methods of linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land and balancing the occupation and compensation of cultivated land, leave land space for rural revitalization, and do not rush to relocate rural construction land to cities or underdeveloped areas to developed areas. Fourth, we should explore effective ways to revitalize rural idle homesteads. On the premise of not buying and selling rural homesteads,Actively explore specific ways to effectively use rural idle homesteads. For example, rural collective economic organizations can save construction land such as village renovation and homestead consolidation, and develop rural leisure tourism and pension industries and rural three-industry integration projects by means of shareholding and joint venture. For another example, rural collective economic organizations can make full use of idle farmhouses and homesteads through leasing and cooperation.

　　(3) Establish and improve the institutional mechanisms conducive to the flow of all kinds of funds to agriculture and rural areas. Whether it is to achieve "industrial prosperity" or "ecological livability", it needs a lot of capital investment. We should raise funds for rural revitalization from various channels such as finance, finance and social capital. First, we must reform the financial input mechanism for supporting agriculture. On the one hand, we must persist in taking agriculture and rural areas as the priority areas of fiscal expenditure and ensure a moderate increase in investment in agriculture and rural areas; On the other hand, we should focus on innovating the way of use and improving the efficiency of supporting agriculture. Do a good job in two articles: "integration" and "incitement". "Integration" means giving full play to the leading role of planning, bundling all kinds of agriculture-related funds as much as possible to form a joint force. "Inciting" means giving full play to the leverage of financial funds and guiding financial and social capital to invest more in agriculture and rural areas by means of awards, interest subsidies and guarantees. Second, we must accelerate rural financial innovation. A considerable part of rural deposits can not be converted into investment in rural areas, and it is an urgent practical problem to flow to cities through the siphon effect of financial institutions. It is necessary to take a two-pronged approach from "building mechanisms" and "building institutions". "Building a mechanism" is to implement the incremental incentive policy for agricultural loans.We will implement differentiated supervision and assessment methods for financial institutions that have reached a certain proportion of agriculture-related businesses, appropriately decentralize the business examination and approval authority of county branches, and solve the problem of insufficient enthusiasm for putting in loans for agriculture, rural areas and farmers. "Building institutions" is to optimize the establishment mode of rural banks, improve the coverage of counties and cities, carry out internal credit cooperation of farmers’ cooperatives, support existing large financial institutions to increase county outlets, and solve the problem of insufficient market participants in lending to agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Third, we should encourage and guide social capital to participate in rural revitalization. Encourage social capital to develop modern breeding, agricultural service, agricultural product processing, leisure tourism and pension industries suitable for enterprise management in rural areas. Innovate the interest linkage mechanism and guide social capital to drive farmers instead of replacing them. Strengthen the protection of property rights and stabilize investors’ expectations. (Ye Xingqing is the Minister and Researcher of Rural Economic Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center)