The administrative offices of the Union, the Municipal People’s Government, the commissions, offices, departments and bureaus of the autonomous region, and major enterprises and institutions:

With the consent of the people’s government of the autonomous region, the Emergency Plan for Plague Control in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2020 Edition) is hereby issued to you, please conscientiously implement it according to the actual situation.

June 28, 2020

(This piece is publicly released)

Emergency plan for plague control in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

(2020 edition)

1 general rule

1.1 Purpose of compilation

Effectively prevent, respond quickly, control the outbreak and epidemic of plague in time, eliminate the harm of plague in time, protect people’s health and life safety, and maintain social, political and economic stability.

1.2 Compilation basis

People’s Republic of China (PRC) Infectious Disease Prevention Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Emergency Response Law, Public Health Emergency Regulations, Domestic Traffic Health Quarantine Regulations, National Plague Control Emergency Plan, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Endemic Disease Prevention Regulations, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Emergency Measures for Public Health Emergencies, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Overall Emergency Plan for Public Health Emergencies, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Emergency Plan for Public Health Emergencies, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Medical and Health Rescue Plan for Public Emergencies and other relevant plans.

1.3 working principles

Taking people’s health as the center, adhere to the principles of prevention first, combining prevention with control, scientific response, prevention and control according to law, cooperation of government leaders and departments, territorial management, graded responsibility, social participation, mass prevention and control, rapid response and strong guarantee.

1.4 Scope of application

This plan is applicable to the emergency preparation and emergency disposal of plague epidemic in the administrative area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

1.5 Classification of plague epidemic situation

According to the location, disease type, number of cases, epidemic scope and trend, and the degree of harm to society, plague epidemics are divided into particularly serious plague epidemics (Grade I), major plague epidemics (Grade II), major plague epidemics (Grade III), general plague epidemics (Grade IV) and animal plague epidemics (Grade V).

1.5.1 particularly serious plague epidemic (Grade I)

One of the following circumstances is a particularly serious plague epidemic (level I):

(1) Pneumonic plague occurs in large and medium-sized cities and tends to spread;

(2) The associated pneumonic plague epidemic has spread to more than two provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and there is a trend of further spread;

(3) The loss of virulent strain of Yersinia pestis occurred.

1.5.2 Major plague epidemic (Grade II)

One of the following circumstances is a major plague epidemic (Grade II):

(1) cases of pneumonic plague occurred in Hohhot or the seat of Baotou municipal government, and there was a tendency to spread;

(2) More than 5 cases of pneumonic plague or septicemic plague occurred within an average incubation period (6 days, the same below) within the administrative area of a county (city, district);

(3) The associated pneumonic plague epidemic spread to more than two counties (cities, districts), and there is a trend of further spread;

(4) An epidemic of bubonic plague occurred in the administrative area of one county (city, district), and more than 20 cases occurred continuously in one average incubation period, or the epidemic scope spread to more than two allied cities.

1.5.3 Large plague epidemic (Grade III)

One of the following circumstances is a large plague epidemic (Grade III):

(1) The cases of pneumonic plague occurred in the seat of the municipal government of the Union except Hohhot and Baotou, and there was a tendency to spread;

(2) In the administrative area of a county (city, district), there are 1-4 cases of pneumonic plague or septicemia plague in an average incubation period;

(3) An epidemic of bubonic plague occurred in the administrative area of one flag county (city, district), with 10-19 consecutive cases within an average incubation period, or the epidemic scope spread to more than two flag counties (cities, districts).

1.5.4 General plague epidemic (Grade IV)

One of the following circumstances is the general plague epidemic (level IV):

(1) an animal plague epidemic occurred within 25km around the city where the Union municipal government is located;

(2) bubonic plague occurred in the administrative area of a county (city, district), and the number of cases in an average incubation period was 1-9.

1.5.5 Plague epidemic situation among animals (level V)

One of the following circumstances is the plague epidemic among animals (level V):

(1) Detection of Yersinia pestis from host animals or vector fleas;

(2) The nucleic acid in the host animal or vector flea is positive, and the antigen is positive at the same time;

(3) According to the provisions of the Criterion of Natural Plague Focuses and Animal Plague Epidemic (GB 16883—1997), the positive antibody was detected by indirect hemagglutination test, and reached the criterion of animal plague epidemic;

(4) Indirect hemagglutination test antibody positive serum was detected in unknown plague foci during the search of epidemic foci.

2 Organization and management

2.1 Organization

The people’s governments at all levels lead the plague prevention and control work in their respective administrative areas, and the principal responsible persons of the government should personally take the lead, shoulder their responsibilities, stick to their posts, and take effective measures to resolutely curb the spread of the epidemic. The relevant departments of the people’s governments at all levels shall be responsible for the work related to the prevention and control of plague and emergency response within the scope of their respective duties, and form a joint prevention and control work pattern.

2.1.1 plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region.

In accordance with the responsibilities and the provisions of this plan, the people’s government of the autonomous region is responsible for organizing, leading, coordinating and directing the emergency response to the plague epidemic in the whole region. When a particularly serious plague epidemic occurred, the people’s government of the autonomous region established the plague emergency headquarters of the autonomous region according to the actual needs of emergency response work, with the vice-chairman of the people’s government of the autonomous region in charge of health and health work as the commander-in-chief of plague emergency headquarters of the autonomous region, and the deputy secretary-general of the people’s government of the autonomous region or the deputy director of the general office of the people’s government of the autonomous region and the director of the health and health commission of the autonomous region as the deputy commander-in-chief. The plague emergency headquarters Office of the Autonomous Region is located in the Health and Health Commission of the Autonomous Region. The director of the office is concurrently the deputy director of the Health and Health Commission of the Autonomous Region, and the members are the responsible persons of the member units. According to the actual situation, the commander-in-chief, deputy commander-in-chief and member units of plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region can be adjusted. When necessary, the headquarters can be centralized.

The members of the headquarters include: the Propaganda Department of the Party Committee of the Autonomous Region, the Internet Information Office, the Foreign Affairs Office, the General Office of the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region, the Health and Wellness Commission, the Development and Reform Commission, the Education Department, the Science and Technology Department, the Public Security Department, the Finance Department, the Civil Affairs Department, the Ecological Environment Department, the Transportation Department, the Industry and Information Technology Department, the Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department, the Commerce Department, the Culture and Tourism Department, the Emergency Management Department, the Market Supervision Bureau, the Forestry and Grass Bureau, the Medical Insurance Bureau,

2.1.2 Union City and counties (cities, districts) plague emergency headquarters.

It is composed of the people’s government at the corresponding level and relevant departments, with the main leaders of the people’s government at the corresponding level as the chief commander, and the leaders of the government in charge of health, forestry, public security, transportation and other work as the deputy chief commander. The member units of the headquarters refer to the members of plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region.

2.2 Division of responsibilities

2.2.1 responsibilities of plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region.

Responsible for the unified leadership and unified command of emergency response to particularly serious and major plague epidemics, make major decisions on handling plague epidemics, implement prevention and control funds and coordinate material support, and formulate epidemic prevention and control strategies in accordance with national requirements; Determine designated medical and health institutions, set up various prevention and control expert groups at the autonomous region level, and provide technical support for prevention and control work; To carry out supervision and inspection of prevention and control work; Responsible for the release of plague epidemic information in the whole region.

The division of responsibilities of each member unit is as follows:

The Propaganda Department of the Party Committee of the Autonomous Region and the Information Office: In accordance with the unified deployment of plague epidemic control, do a good job in publicity and reporting on epidemic disposal, correctly guide public opinion, strengthen supervision and guidance on online information release, and investigate and deal with illegal information according to law. Actively carry out the propaganda and popularization of plague prevention knowledge, and raise public awareness of epidemic prevention and health care.

The Foreign Affairs Office of the Party Committee of the Autonomous Region: Assist the functional departments to do a good job in foreign-related affairs related to plague emergency response, help solve the concerns of overseas media and other institutions on the epidemic situation, and assist in receiving the inspection of international organizations.

General Office of the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region: convey the requirements of the leaders of the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region on the disposal of plague epidemic, and coordinate relevant departments to do relevant work.

Autonomous Region Health and Wellness Committee: responsible for organizing the formulation of plague prevention and control technical plans, organizing the implementation of plague emergency medical treatment and various prevention and control measures, and inspecting and supervising related work; Responsible for the technical guidance of sanitary treatment in epidemic areas and make a comprehensive assessment of the epidemic situation; According to the needs of plague prevention and control work, put forward suggestions on isolating and blocking plague epidemic areas according to law; Publish information on plague epidemic situation according to law; Organize patriotic health campaigns and health education.

Autonomous Region Development and Reform Commission: cooperate with the Autonomous Region Health and Wellness Commission to formulate the development plan for plague control; Support and cooperate with relevant departments to provide drugs and equipment for emergency epidemic treatment to epidemic areas, and timely organize the transportation of materials necessary for people’s production and life in epidemic areas.

Education Department of the Autonomous Region: To publicize and educate students and teaching staff about plague prevention and control.

Science and Technology Department of the Autonomous Region: Strengthen the construction of scientific and technological innovation platform for plague prevention and control, and increase support for key technologies for plague prevention and control.

Public security department of the autonomous region: assist in sealing off plague epidemic areas and strengthen public security management and security work in epidemic areas.

Autonomous Region Department of Finance: Make arrangements for plague prevention and control and emergency funds and timely allocate them, and strengthen fund management and supervision.

Civil Affairs Department of the Autonomous Region: Provide basic living assistance to plague patients who meet the conditions for assistance.

Department of Industry and Information Technology of the Autonomous Region: Cooperate with the Health and Health Commission of the Autonomous Region and the Food and Material Reserve Bureau to organize qualified industrial enterprises in the autonomous region to produce medicines, medical devices, protective and disinfection supplies and other materials needed for epidemic prevention. When the production capacity in the autonomous region cannot meet the demand, timely coordinate the enterprises with production capacity to build or change production, and ensure the material reserves in the whole region and the material needs necessary for the production and life of the people in the affected areas; Cooperate with Inner Mongolia Communication Administration to ensure communication.

Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department of the Autonomous Region: responsible for animal plague epidemic prevention and animal epidemic prevention supervision of livestock in plague-stricken areas, taking rodent control measures in agricultural areas to reduce rodent density.

Department of Commerce of the Autonomous Region: responsible for the emergency supply of important daily necessities in epidemic areas.

Department of Culture and Tourism of the Autonomous Region: Organize the whole tourism industry to do a good job in the prevention and emergency response of plague epidemic; Do a good job in the publicity and education of the basic knowledge of plague prevention and control in tourism professionals, especially in grassland tourism professionals and tourists, actively publicize and popularize the "three noes and three reports" of plague prevention and control, and effectively improve the self-prevention awareness and ability of the above people.

The Department of Transportation of the Autonomous Region, China Railway Hohhot Bureau Group Co., Ltd. and Civil Aviation Inner Mongolia Safety Supervision Bureau are responsible for the traffic health and quarantine work within their respective responsibilities in accordance with the Domestic Traffic Health and Quarantine Regulations and its implementation methods, and give priority to the transportation of plague epidemic handlers, medical equipment and related materials.

Hohhot Customs and Manzhouli Customs: When frontier health and quarantine is involved, it shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and its implementing rules; Strengthen port health quarantine. When there is a human plague epidemic, it is necessary to carry out port temperature monitoring and medical inspection, and do a good job in epidemic report, environmental disinfection and health education.

Autonomous Region Market Supervision Bureau: Strengthen market supervision and severely punish units and individuals that illegally purchase, sell and process plague host wild animals and their products in bazaars; Guide the market promoters and relevant animal products operators in the market to do a good job in self-discipline management.

Forestry and Grass Bureau of the Autonomous Region: responsible for monitoring the abnormal situation of terrestrial wild animals in epidemic areas, and assisting in the isolation of the epidemic areas when the plague epidemic occurs; Take rodent control measures in grassland areas to reduce the density of rodents.

Autonomous Region Medical Insurance Bureau: formulate policies, plans, standards and organize the implementation of medical insurance and medical assistance for plague epidemic prevention and control.

Security Bureau of Inner Mongolia Military Region and Inner Mongolia Armed Police Corps: Complete the task of handling the plague epidemic in the camp, and assist and support the local authorities to do a good job in epidemic control.

Aiwei Association of the Autonomous Region: responsible for carrying out protective rodent and flea control in cities, mobilizing the masses to carry out extensive actions of cleaning homes and environmental sanitation, strengthening the control of vectors, and doing a good job in urban and rural garbage management and toilet and sewage treatment.

Autonomous Region Red Cross Society: According to the needs of plague prevention and control emergency work, special fund-raising and humanitarian relief activities can be carried out; Give full play to the role of volunteers, assist relevant departments to carry out extensive publicity and popularization of plague prevention knowledge in enterprises, communities, villages and schools, and raise public awareness of self-protection.

Other relevant departments shall, according to the responsibilities of their own departments and the needs of plague emergency treatment, organize and do a good job in emergency material reserve, market supervision, pollution diffusion control and related work assigned by plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region.

2.2.2 Duties of the plague emergency headquarters in Union City and counties (cities, districts).

Responsible for the coordination and command of the emergency treatment of plague epidemic in this administrative area, make decisions on the treatment of plague epidemic in this administrative area, and decide on major measures to be taken. The relevant departments refer to the responsibilities of the member units of plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region, and do a good job in the emergency work of plague prevention and control.

2.2.3 Responsibilities of health administrative departments at all levels

Strengthen coordination and cooperation with relevant departments, establish inter-departmental information communication and fixed liaison system, communicate and negotiate with relevant departments in a timely manner, and form a joint prevention and control mechanism involving multiple departments.

The responsibilities of the Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of 2.2.1.

The administrative department of health of each Union city and counties (cities, districts) is responsible for directing, coordinating and managing the prevention and control of plague within their respective administrative areas; Formulate the plague emergency plan according to the local conditions; Implement prevention and control funds and organize emergency response to plague epidemic; Organize plague emergency training, drills and emergency prevention and control material reserves; Responsible for determining the designated medical institutions and doing a good job in the treatment of patients; Carry out supervision and inspection and health education; Organize patriotic health campaigns, etc.

2.2.4 Responsibilities of disease prevention and control institutions at all levels (professional institutions for plague prevention and control)

Responsible for the monitoring of plague epidemic situation, do a good job in collecting, reporting and analyzing epidemic information, and provide a basis for early warning. Do a good job in the monitoring of animal plague, and promptly give early warning after discovering the epidemic situation among animals, and deal with the epidemic spots in time; When a human epidemic occurs, formulate an epidemiological investigation plan and a technical plan for epidemic control; Carry out follow-up investigation on plague patients, suspected patients and their close contacts; Investigate and analyze the incidence and distribution characteristics of the population; Find out the source and route of infection, and put forward and implement targeted prevention and control measures; Timely report the situation to the health administrative department at the same level and the disease prevention and control institutions at higher levels (professional institutions for plague prevention and control). Conduct laboratory tests on plague samples and report the laboratory test results according to procedures.

The comprehensive disease prevention and control center of the autonomous region is responsible for the final re-judgment of Yersinia pestis in the whole region and the review of the laboratory test results of human plague cases.

2.2.5 Responsibilities of various medical and health institutions at all levels

Responsible for the monitoring, discovery and reporting of human plague, carry out specimen collection, cooperate with disease prevention and control institutions to carry out epidemiological investigation, be responsible for the training of medical staff in this institution, and do a good job in the prevention and control of nosocomial infection.

Grass-roots medical and health institutions should strengthen screening, reporting, isolation and registration of plague patients, and may not stay or refuse to consult without permission.

Designated medical institutions are responsible for the centralized treatment of plague in this area; Do a good job in the training of medical staff in this institution on diagnosis and treatment, disinfection and isolation, personal protection and other knowledge, and strictly implement the workflow; Do a good job in ensuring the personnel, medicines, facilities, equipment and protective equipment needed for medical treatment; Implement measures such as disinfection, hospital infection management and personal protection; Do a good job in hospital infection monitoring, and report and dispose of it in time; Do a good job in medical waste management and disposal; Do a good job in biosafety management and quality control of clinical laboratories.

2.2.6 Responsibilities of health supervision institutions at all levels

Responsible for the supervision and inspection of plague prevention and control work carried out by medical and health institutions in this area.

2.2.7 Duties of Hohhot Customs and Manzhouli Customs

In accordance with the relevant provisions of 2.2.1.

2.3 plague expert advisory group

2.3.1 Composition of plague expert advisory group

When a human epidemic occurs and emergency response of Grade I, II, III and IV is started, a plague expert advisory group shall be established. Relevant experts from the Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention of the Autonomous Region served as the head of the plague expert advisory group of the autonomous region. Members are composed of relevant experts such as the Center for Comprehensive Disease Prevention and Control of the Autonomous Region, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department, Forestry and Grass Bureau, Aiweihui Office, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Inner Mongolia Fourth Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University and universities. When an animal plague epidemic occurs, decide whether to set up an expert group according to the situation.

2.3.2 Responsibilities of plague expert advisory group

According to the epidemic situation, the expert group put forward opinions and suggestions on plague prevention, control and emergency response to emergency headquarters, providing a basis for the decision-making and deployment of the headquarters.

3 Monitoring and early warning

3.1 Plague monitoring

The Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region shall, in accordance with the unified regulations and requirements of the whole country and in combination with the actual situation in our region, organize the active monitoring of plague, strengthen the management and supervision of plague monitoring, and ensure the monitoring quality.

The Union Municipal Health and Health Committees shall organize and guide counties (cities, districts) to carry out active plague monitoring in accordance with the unified regulations and requirements of the autonomous region and the actual situation in the region, and strengthen the management and supervision of plague monitoring to ensure the monitoring quality.

3.1.1 Monitoring system

Establish a three-level plague monitoring system in autonomous regions, union cities and counties (cities, districts). According to the requirements of the National Plague Monitoring Program, the Center for Comprehensive Disease Prevention and Control of the Autonomous Region has formulated the Plague Monitoring Program for the whole region. The plague foci and monitoring areas shall carry out the daily monitoring of plague according to the requirements of the plague monitoring plan of the whole region. In areas with national plague monitoring points, the daily monitoring of plague shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the National Plague Monitoring Program.

3.1.2 Monitoring funds guarantee

The people’s government of the autonomous region is responsible for the necessary funds for the monitoring of plague epidemic; The Union Administrative Office, the Municipal People’s Government, and the people’s governments of counties (cities, districts) are responsible for monitoring the daily operating expenses.

3.2 Plague Warning Release

Health administrative departments at all levels shall timely release and release early warning information according to the harmfulness and urgency of plague epidemic reported by monitoring points. Early warning information includes: plague classification, early warning level, warning events, measures to be taken, starting time and issuing authority, etc.

3.2.1 Early warning issuing unit

According to the requirements of the national and autonomous region plague control emergency plan, health administrative departments at all levels shall timely release and adjust the early warning information according to the classification of plague epidemic warning. Level I early warning: National Health and Wellness Commission; Level II early warning: Autonomous Region Health and Wellness Committee; Level III early warning: Union Municipal Health and Health Commission; Level IV early warning: Qixian (city, district) Health and Wellness Committee.

3.2.2 Early warning classification

I-level early warning: I-level early warning will be started when a particularly serious plague epidemic (I-level) or a major plague epidemic (II-level) occurs.

Level II early warning: Level II early warning will be started when a large plague epidemic (level III) occurs.

Level III early warning: Level III early warning will be started in case of general plague epidemic (level IV).

Ⅳ early warning: In case of animal plague epidemic (Ⅴ), the Ⅳ early warning will be started.

3.2.3 Publishing objects

Level I early warning: The release target is determined by the National Health and Wellness Commission.

Level II early warning:

(1) released to the people’s governments and health administrative departments of 12 league cities and 103 counties (cities, districts) in the whole region;

(2) released to the member units of plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region;

(3) according to the affiliation and management authority to the autonomous region at all levels and all kinds of medical and health institutions;

(4) released to the provincial defense organizations and the health administrative departments of neighboring provinces (see Annex);

(5) release to the public;

(6) at the same time submitted to the National Health and Wellness Commission and the people’s government of the autonomous region.

Level III early warning:

(1) released to the people’s governments and health administrative departments of counties (cities, districts) under the jurisdiction of the Union City where the epidemic occurred;

(2) released to the member units of emergency headquarters Plague in Union City;

(3) according to the affiliation and management authority, release it to all kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels within the jurisdiction of the Union City where the epidemic occurred;

(4) release it to the joint defense organizations between the cities of the Union and the health administrative departments in the adjacent areas;

(5) release to the public;

(6) At the same time, it shall be submitted to the Health and Wellness Commission of the autonomous region and the people’s government at the corresponding level.

Ⅳ warning:

(1) to all kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels where the epidemic occurred;

(2) to the counties (cities, districts) between defense organizations or the health administrative departments in the adjacent areas;

(3) release to relevant departments and the public;

(4) At the same time, submit it to the health administrative department of the Union City and the people’s government at the same level.

3.2.4 Release time

After determining the epidemic situation and grading, early warning information should be released in time, and the longest time should not exceed 24 hours. The early warning time lasts until the end of the epidemic year, and it is decided whether to continue to the next year according to the epidemic situation.

3.2.5 Release Form

According to the release target, you can choose documents, conferences, official website, all kinds of mainstream media, announcements and other ways to release early warning information.

4 epidemic discovery, diagnosis and report

4.1 Information management

4.1.1 Improve the information management system for plague prevention and control in the whole region, build an information network covering disease prevention and control institutions or specialized agencies for plague prevention and control in autonomous regions, union cities and counties (cities, districts), and undertake the collection, processing, analysis and reporting of information related to plague epidemic.

4.1.2 Health administrative departments at all levels are responsible for the organization, implementation, management and platform construction of plague prevention and control management information work within their respective jurisdictions, constantly improving the plague prevention and control information management system within their respective jurisdictions, and providing necessary guarantee conditions for the normal operation of the system.

4.1.3 All kinds of medical and health personnel at all levels who perform their duties are responsible reporters of human plague epidemic.

4.1.4 Disease prevention and control institutions at all levels or plague prevention and control institutions shall be responsible for the monitoring, information reporting and management of plague epidemic within the scope of their responsibilities, and shall be responsible for collecting, analyzing and verifying epidemic information and other relevant information within their respective jurisdictions. Disease prevention and control institutions at all levels and specialized agencies for plague prevention and control are responsible reporting units for direct network reporting.

4.2 Discovery, diagnosis and reporting of human cases

4.2.1 Discovery of cases

If you have been to the above-mentioned areas in the plague-affected areas, historical epidemic areas or suspected plague-affected areas or within 10 days, you should pay attention to asking whether you have been to the plague-affected areas before the onset, whether you have been in contact with dead rats or other wild animals, and whether you have eaten rabbits and marmots. All patients with unknown diagnosis and one of the following symptoms are reported as suspected plague patients:

(1) Patients with high fever and unconsciousness;

(2) Patients with lymph node enlargement and severe pain and high fever without trauma infection;

(3) Patients with high fever accompanied by cough, chest pain and hemoptysis;

(4) Patients with high fever and skin blisters or ulcers.

4.2.1.1 has been to the above areas in plague epidemic areas, historical epidemic areas, suspected plague epidemic areas or within 10 days. Those who have a very short course of disease and die sharply should be reported as patients with sudden death.

4.2.1.2 medical institutions are responsible for collecting relevant clinical samples of cases, and sending the samples to local disease prevention and control institutions (specialized institutions for plague prevention and control) for relevant testing as soon as possible according to biosafety requirements.

4.2.2 Case confirmation

The laboratory test results of all plague cases need to be rechecked by the Center for Comprehensive Disease Prevention and Control of the autonomous region, and evaluated and confirmed by the expert group according to the clinical manifestations, epidemiological history and laboratory test results.

4.2.3 Case report

All kinds of medical institutions at all levels shall immediately report suspected cases of plague to local disease prevention and control institutions and health administrative departments. After receiving the report, the local disease prevention and control institutions should immediately investigate and verify. After judging the epidemic situation of human plague, they should report directly to the network within 2 hours according to the prescribed time limit. At the same time, after receiving the report, the local health administrative department should immediately report to the local people’s government and report to the health administrative department and the people’s government at the next higher level step by step until reporting to the National Health and Wellness Commission.

4.3 Confirmation and report of animal plague epidemic situation

4.3.1 The Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention of the Autonomous Region undertakes the re-judgment and identification of plague strains, and may authorize the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the League City (a professional organization for plague prevention and control) to undertake the re-judgment of nucleic acid positive samples and serum positive samples within its jurisdiction.

4.3.2 Report of animal epidemic situation

After the occurrence of animal plague is monitored at the monitoring point, it shall be immediately reported to the disease prevention and control institutions in counties (cities, districts). Counties (cities, districts) disease prevention and control institutions shall immediately verify after receiving the report. After judging the occurrence of animal plague epidemic, the responsible reporting unit shall report directly to the network within 6 hours in towns and towns, and within 12 hours in Sumu Township and Gacha Village. After receiving the report, the health administrative department of counties (cities, districts) shall immediately report to the local people’s government and report to the health administrative department at the next higher level.

5 emergency treatment

When an epidemic of human or animal plague occurs, the governments of counties (cities, districts), league cities and autonomous regions and their relevant departments at the place where the epidemic occurs shall make corresponding emergency response according to the principle of graded response. At the same time, according to the development trend of plague epidemic and the needs of prevention and control work, the response level should be adjusted in time to effectively control the plague epidemic and reduce the harm, and maintain the normal production and living order.

5.1 Measures to be taken for emergency treatment of animal plague epidemic (Grade V)

5.1.1 Start the emergency response to public health emergencies. After the Qixian (city, district) Health and Health Committee or the Union City Health and Health Committee organizes relevant experts to confirm, the Qixian (city, district) Health and Health Committee shall report to the Qixian (city, district) people’s government, and the Qixian (city, district) people’s government shall start an emergency response according to the animal plague epidemic (level V) and issue a level IV early warning at the same time.

5.1.2 Timely and standardized epidemic treatment. In principle, according to the type and epidemic intensity of plague epidemic among animals, the distance from towns, residential areas, traffic arteries, important areas, tourist attractions, etc., and the ecological characteristics of host animals, the treatment scope is determined according to local conditions, and rodent control and flea control are carried out quickly according to requirements, so as to achieve the standards of no rats, no holes and no fleas.

5.1.3 Strengthen the monitoring of plague among animals. We will continue to expand the scope of search with the epidemic as the center, carry out various laboratory tests in accordance with the laboratory biosafety regulations, and "check all the materials obtained" to improve the quality and skills of laboratory inspectors and improve the inspection quality.

5.1.4 Carry out rodent and flea control. Forestry and grass, agriculture and animal husbandry departments and patriotic health institutions should organize the protective rodent and flea control work in grasslands, agricultural areas and cities. Give full play to the advantages of mass prevention and control, mobilize grassland, land contractors, urban and rural residents and other people to actively participate, combine special groups, expand the scope of rodent control and flea control, increase the frequency and depth, and achieve full coverage without dead ends. At the same time, do a good job in the investigation of rat density and rodent damage before and after deratization, so as to provide a basis for scientific deratization and effect evaluation. All field construction sites, industrial and mining enterprises, tourist attractions and military areas within the scope of the epidemic focus should do a good job of rodent control and flea control in the scope of responsibility and surrounding areas under the guidance of relevant business.

5.1.5 Carry out plague epidemic risk assessment. According to the epidemic characteristics, occurrence areas and development trends, carry out the risk assessment of human plague epidemic in this area. Pay close attention to the dynamics of plague epidemic, focus on large-scale field construction projects in the epidemic focus, and put forward corresponding prevention and control measures.

5.1.6 Publicity and education and risk communication. Strengthen the publicity and education of plague prevention and control knowledge, and publicize the "three noes and three reports" through various channels and forms. Plague focus and its adjacent areas should focus on strengthening health behavior intervention for farmers and herdsmen, field workers, tourists and other groups, and effectively improve the people’s awareness and ability of self-prevention. Actively carry out public opinion monitoring, popularize the knowledge of epidemic prevention and control, solve doubts and doubts to the public in time, respond to social concerns, and do a good job in communication of epidemic prevention and control risks. It is necessary to strengthen health education and risk communication in key groups, key places and large-scale crowd gathering activities.

5.1.7 Strengthen the training of medical and health personnel. The health administrative departments of counties (cities, districts) should organize all kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels within their jurisdiction to carry out training on knowledge related to plague prevention and treatment, focusing on the knowledge of human plague identification, diagnosis and treatment, epidemic situation report, emergency plan implementation, hospital infection control, etc., so as to improve medical staff’s awareness of plague prevention and treatment, implement the responsibility system for first-visit doctors, and achieve early detection, early diagnosis, early reporting, early isolation, early treatment and on-site treatment.

5.1.8 Strengthen the pre-inspection and triage and the investigation of fever patients. All kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels should strengthen the management of pre-inspection and triage, establish a responsibility system for the investigation and reporting of plague patients, strictly implement the process of receiving and screening fever patients, and conscientiously implement the registration and reporting system for fever patients. Grass-roots medical and health institutions should strengthen the screening of patients with fever. If patients with fever of unknown reasons are found, they should take local isolation measures, register and report the patient information well, and it is strictly forbidden to stay in the clinic or refuse to consult without permission.

5.1.9 Emergency response in adjacent areas. The health administrative department in the area where the plague epidemic occurred should inform the health administrative department in the adjacent area of the epidemic situation and the measures taken in a timely manner. In areas adjacent to the plague epidemic, the risk assessment of human and animal plague epidemic in this area should be carried out according to the epidemic characteristics, occurrence area and development trend, and the possibility and degree of being affected in this area should be actively analyzed, and corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken.

5.2 Measures to be taken for emergency treatment of general plague epidemic (Grade IV)

5.2.1 Start the emergency response to public health emergencies. The counties (cities, districts) Health and Health Committee or the League Health and Health Committee shall organize relevant experts to confirm and report to the people’s government at the same level. The counties (cities, districts) people’s government shall start emergency response according to the general epidemic situation (level IV), and the League Health and Health Committee shall issue a level III warning. Counties (cities, districts) set up an epidemic prevention and control headquarters with the main leaders of the government as the chief commander, fully fulfilling the main responsibility of the territory, and at the same time starting the "three reports" system of zero epidemic report, daily report of illness and daily report of work progress.

5.2.2 Make every effort to treat patients. Adhere to the principle of "nearby, local treatment", "centralized patients, experts, resources and treatment", transfer patients to designated medical institutions at the county level with negative pressure ambulances, and carry out treatment according to the plague diagnosis and treatment plan, so as to improve the admission rate and reduce the mortality rate.

5.2.3 Strengthen the prevention and control of hospital infection. Medical institutions should strengthen isolation, disinfection and protection, and fully implement various measures to prevent nosocomial infection. Standardize the pre-inspection and triage, and do a good job in the hospital sense control of fever clinics, emergency departments and all other general wards (wards). Plague cases (including suspected cases and confirmed cases) and mild cases among infected people shall be treated in isolation, and suspected cases shall be treated in isolation in a single room. Medical institutions shall, in strict accordance with the Technical Specification for Disinfection of Medical Institutions, do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting medical devices, contaminated items, surfaces and floors; Carry out air disinfection according to the requirements of "Hospital Air Purification Management Standard". Medical waste generated in the process of diagnosis and treatment of plague patients should be disposed of and managed according to the relevant provisions of the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Waste and the Measures for the Administration of Medical Waste in Medical and Health Institutions.

5.2.4 Timely carry out the treatment of epidemic areas. In strict accordance with the "standards and principles for the treatment of human plague epidemic areas" (GB15978—1995), the epidemic areas were treated. In principle, take the residence of plague patients, suspected patients or plague corpses as the center, and delimit the surrounding areas that may be polluted as isolation circles, such as a courtyard and a house. Pastoral areas can divide a tent or several connected tents into isolation circles. When a patient (or corpse) occurs in an urban community, one of the buildings or an independent unit where the patient (or corpse) is located can be designated as an isolation circle. After the patient is transported, the disinfection and disposal of the isolation circle should be carried out, and the disease prevention and control institutions at higher levels should give guidance.

5.2.5 Rapid epidemiological investigation. When the disease prevention and control institutions in counties (cities, districts) receive reports of suspected cases and confirmed cases of plague from medical institutions or medical personnel, they shall complete the epidemiological investigation within 24 hours in accordance with the Plague Case Questionnaire, do a good job in judging and registering close contacts, and submit the epidemiological investigation and analysis report to the health administrative department at the same level and the disease prevention and control institutions in the Union City (professional institutions for plague prevention and control); Carry out a retrospective investigation of the source of infection.

5.2.6 Tracking and management of close contacts. By the counties (cities, districts) health administrative departments in conjunction with relevant departments to organize the implementation. Close contacts of suspected cases and confirmed cases shall be subject to centralized or isolated medical observation at home, and their body temperature shall be measured at least twice a day, and whether there are other related symptoms such as fever, cough, hemoptysis, lymphadenopathy and the progress of the disease. The medical observation period of close contacts is 9 days after the last contact with the case or infected person.

5.2.7 Preventive dosing. Preventive treatment of plague can be carried out for direct contacts of plague patients, people bitten by fleas in epidemic areas, people who come into contact with secretions and blood of infected animals and laboratory operations.

5.2.8 Fully control wild animals. Except for the need of maintaining public safety such as epidemic research and epidemic prevention and control, all wildlife hunting activities are prohibited, and the patrol and guarding work in the wild is strengthened. Severely punish illegal hunting of wild animals and crack down on indiscriminate hunting of wild animals. Do a good job in isolation, cleaning, sanitation and disinfection, monitoring and quarantine and epidemic prevention of artificial breeding units of wild animals, and block the contact between wild animals and poultry, livestock and people. Pay close attention to the health status of wild animals and do a good job in monitoring the epidemic focus and disease of wild animals. During the epidemic prevention and control period, wildlife trading is completely prohibited.

5.2.9 Strengthen the control of Gacha village (community). Give full play to the mobilization ability of Gacha village (community), implement grid and carpet management, prevent and control groups, and effectively implement the following comprehensive prevention and control measures:

(1) Organize mobilization. Gacha village (community) should establish an organization system for the prevention and control of plague epidemic, with cadres from Sumu township (street) and Gacha village (community) and doctors from primary medical and health institutions as the mainstay, encourage residents and volunteers to participate, form a part-time work team, implement grid and carpet management, and implement responsibility to people, and implement full coverage and implementation of Gacha village (community), natural village (residential area) and family.

(2) Health education. Make full use of various means to carry out targeted publicity on plague prevention and control knowledge, focusing on "three noes and three reports", so that the masses can fully understand the knowledge of plague prevention and control, master the key points of protection, form good habits, reduce travel (especially in the wild) and avoid contact with animals (especially wild animals).

(3) information notification. Release medical information to the public. Patients with symptoms such as cough, chest pain, high fever and swollen lymph nodes (pain) go to fever clinics, and suspected plague patients go to designated hospitals.

(4) Environmental sanitation management. In-depth patriotic health campaign, Gacha village (community) to carry out comprehensive prevention and control of vectors, mainly environmental remediation, supplemented by drug disinfection, to clean up residential quarters, garbage transfer stations, construction sites and other key places, deal with garbage and dirt, and eliminate the breeding environment of vectors such as rats and fleas. Organize and carry out comprehensive vector control and disinfection in time to effectively reduce the density of vector organisms.

(5) Material preparation. Gacha village (community) and families should prepare necessary articles and materials for prevention and control, such as rodenticide, thermometer, disinfection supplies, etc.

5.2.10 Other measures. At the same time, do a good job in the prevention and control of plague among animals according to 5.1.2-5.1.9.

5.3 Measures to be taken for emergency treatment of large plague epidemic (Grade III)

5.3.1 Start the emergency response to public health emergencies, and report it to the Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region, the Union Administrative Office and the Municipal People’s Government after being confirmed by relevant experts organized by the Union Municipal Health and Wellness Committee. The Union Administrative Office and the Municipal People’s Government will start the emergency response according to the major epidemic (level III), and the Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region will issue a level II warning. The League City established an epidemic prevention and control headquarters with the main leaders of the government as the chief commander, fully fulfilling the main responsibility of the territory. At the same time, the "three reports" system of zero report on epidemic situation, daily report on illness and daily report on work progress was launched.

5.3.2 Blocking epidemic areas according to law. For Sumu township (street) and Gacha village (community) designated as epidemic areas, measures can be taken to block the epidemic areas, restrict people from entering and leaving, and temporarily requisition houses and vehicles.

5.3.3 Reduce personnel flow and gathering.

(1) Strictly prevent transmission by means of transportation. Do a good job in the health management of trains, cars, airplanes, urban public transport and other key places such as stations, airports and passenger stations, ventilate and disinfect according to local conditions, and strictly implement prevention and control measures such as passenger temperature screening. Set up a check-up station, equipped with medical materials and professionals, to keep the plague patients and suspected patients found on the transportation for observation and isolation treatment. Do a good job in health quarantine of entry-exit vehicles and personnel, and prevent the import and export of epidemic situations.

(2) Reduce public gathering activities. Strengthen the management of large-scale public gathering activities, cancel or postpone all kinds of large-scale activities, close or stop opening cultural tourism facilities, and minimize large-scale public gathering. Hotels, restaurants, hotels, cultural and entertainment places, business units, public transport and other public places or other crowded places shall implement disinfection, ventilation and other prevention and control measures, and remind visitors and publicize and educate them on prevention and control knowledge.

5.3.4 Strengthen the arrangement and control of key populations. Effectively prevent the import and spread of the plague epidemic, make full use of comprehensive means such as big data, strengthen the grid management of rural pastoral areas and urban communities, and conduct comprehensive door-to-door investigations to ensure full coverage of the investigation area and no dead ends, and ensure that no one is missing. For residents who have traveled in the epidemic area and surrounding areas within 10 days, or who have been to the animal plague epidemic area, it is necessary to track down people, register and observe at home to ensure early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment of the epidemic.

5.3.5 Strengthen epidemic prevention and control in key units and places. Key units and places such as hospitals, enterprises, schools, stations, airports, docks, shopping malls, supermarkets, pension institutions, welfare institutions and supervision places should fulfill their main responsibilities, implement various prevention and control measures, strictly monitor ventilation, disinfection and health, strengthen personal protection and health education, and report and dispose of any abnormal situation in time.

5.3.6 Strengthen supervision and guidance. Health administrative departments at all levels are responsible for the overall guidance of epidemic prevention and control. It is necessary to organize disease control and supervision institutions to go deep into key units and places to carry out publicity and health education, strengthen technical guidance and health supervision on epidemic prevention and control, help relevant units to implement infectious disease prevention and epidemic management systems, and guide the work of rodent control, flea control and disinfection. Autonomous regions and allied cities should send expert groups to guide epidemic situation disposal, patient treatment, hospital infection prevention and control, psychological intervention and other work. It is necessary to send a supervision team to supervise and guide all regions to implement the main responsibility of the territory and implement various prevention and control measures.

5.3.7 Strengthen material support. Local people’s governments at all levels should fully grasp the supply and demand situation of prevention and control materials such as drugs, protective articles, disinfection articles, treatment instruments, equipment and facilities in the local area, dynamically grasp the material demand and production, circulation, inventory transportation and resource guarantee, and organize all kinds of prevention and control materials production enterprises to do a good job in production guarantee; It is necessary to do a good job in emergency transportation and traffic protection to ensure the timely and smooth transportation of epidemic prevention and control and production and living materials; It is necessary to co-ordinate the coordination of local prevention and control material support, obey the unified dispatch of the joint prevention and control mechanism of plague epidemic in the State Council, and give priority to meeting the needs of the front line of prevention and control (including the front line of port prevention and control); Market supervision departments at all levels should strengthen supervision and severely crack down on acts that disrupt market order, such as driving up the prices of prevention and control materials.

5.3.8 Strengthen the cost guarantee. All regions should, in accordance with the spirit of relevant national documents, implement the subsidy policy for patients’ treatment expenses, grant temporary work subsidies to medical personnel and epidemic prevention workers who participate in prevention and control work, and properly arrange the funds needed for medical and health institutions to purchase special equipment for protection, diagnosis and treatment and rapid diagnostic reagents needed for epidemic prevention and control work. According to the requirements of relevant national documents, it is necessary to ensure that the confirmed and suspected plague patients are not affected by the cost, and that the hospitals are not affected by the payment policy.

5.3.9 Strengthen epidemic reporting. All regions should release information on epidemic prevention and control in a timely, open and transparent manner, and seriously blame those who delay reporting, conceal reporting or omit reporting. Strengthen public opinion analysis and judgment, respond to social concerns in a targeted manner, scientifically solve doubts and doubts, clarify false rumors, and eliminate unnecessary panic.

5.3.10 Fully rescue patients. According to the principles of "treatment nearby and on the spot" and "concentration of patients, experts, resources and treatment", patients will be transferred to designated medical institutions for treatment with negative pressure ambulances, and experts in the whole region will be concentrated to implement "one person, one case, one class", which will effectively improve the cure rate and reduce the death rate. At the same time, a front-line expert group will be set up to directly participate in epidemic disposal and patient treatment, and experts from Beijing and other places will be invited to support it if necessary. Set up a standby expert group, strengthen training and be ready to participate in epidemic prevention and control at any time. According to the progress of the epidemic, on the basis of designated hospitals, several medical institutions will be determined by the Union City as backup hospitals to prepare for receiving patients. Care for medical personnel, implement the strictest safety protection measures for medical personnel and epidemic prevention personnel, care for and protect the health and safety of medical personnel, and ensure the "three in place" of protective equipment configuration, implementation of protective measures and personnel treatment.

5.3.11 Other measures. At the same time, we should do a good job in animal plague prevention and control, nosocomial infection prevention and control, epidemiological investigation, close contact management, preventive dosing, wildlife control, epidemic point division and disposal in accordance with clauses 5.1.2-5.1.9 and 5.2.3-5.2.9.

5.4 Measures to be taken for emergency treatment of major plague epidemic (Grade II)

5.4.1 Start the emergency response to public health emergencies. The Health and Wellness Commission of the Autonomous Region shall organize relevant experts to assess and confirm the situation and report it to the National Health and Wellness Commission and the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region. The People’s Government of the Autonomous Region shall start the emergency response according to the major epidemic situation (level II), and at the same time start the "three reports" system of zero report on the epidemic situation, daily report on the illness condition and daily report on the work progress.

5.4.2 The emergency handling of major plague epidemics shall be organized and led by the people’s government of the autonomous region. According to the recommendations of the Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region and the needs of epidemic disposal, the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region established the plague emergency headquarters to quickly grasp and control the epidemic situation, determine the contents of emergency work and organize its implementation; Timely report the changes of epidemic situation and the progress of work in the State Council and send a copy to the relevant departments in the State Council, and at the same time notify the local garrison leading organs, Hohhot Customs and Manzhouli Customs. When necessary, request the National Health and Wellness Commission and relevant departments to give emergency support.

5.4.3 The Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region quickly understands the time, place, source of infection and cases of the epidemic, determines the severity of the epidemic, analyzes the development trend of the epidemic, puts forward suggestions on emergency work in time, and is responsible for reporting to the people’s government of the autonomous region, informing the relevant departments of the autonomous region and reporting to the National Health and Wellness Committee.

5.4.4 All regions and relevant departments shall, in accordance with the unified deployment of the autonomous region headquarters, cooperate closely, conduct joint defense and control, and strictly implement the prevention and control strategy of "internal proliferation prevention and external export prevention", effectively implement various prevention and control measures, and resolutely prevent the epidemic from spreading further.

5.4.5 Strengthen the management of epidemic areas. Start the blockade of epidemic areas, implement strict blockade measures for designated epidemic areas according to law, do a good job in dealing with epidemic areas according to norms, stop crowd gathering activities such as fairs and gatherings, close all public places, enterprises and institutions temporarily stop production and work, and schools and kindergartens suspend classes. Production and operation involving prevention and control needs and residents’ daily necessities should be under strict and effective protection.

5.4.6 Make every effort to treat patients. On the basis of clause 5.3.10, according to the progress of epidemic situation, start the designated backup hospital, and expand the backup expert group to the first-line expert group, and go deep into various regions to deal with the epidemic situation and treat patients. Strengthen the training of all medical staff, focusing on knowledge and skills training in diagnosis and differential diagnosis, patient treatment, prevention and control of hospital sensation, etc., so as to realize that all staff can be employed and everyone can respond to emergencies as soon as possible. Give play to the role of the expert group and conduct consultation and consultation at any time.

5.4.7 Ensure the supply of important materials. We must resolutely obey the unified management and allocation of epidemic prevention and control materials in the whole region, break the regional division, and ensure the timely deployment of epidemic prevention and control materials. No region, enterprise or individual may plunder, intercept or hoard important epidemic prevention and control materials, and once found, resolutely investigate and deal with them according to the law and discipline. It is necessary to designate departments to uniformly grasp the supply and demand situation of epidemic prevention and control materials such as drugs, protective equipment and disinfection materials in the region, take strong measures to support enterprises to resume work and production as soon as possible, strive to achieve full production, and support qualified enterprises to expand production capacity and increase supply. Attach great importance to the construction of "rice bag" and "vegetable basket" projects, and quickly organize production enterprises of daily necessities such as grain, oil and food to resume production as soon as possible under the premise of implementing epidemic prevention and control measures to ensure adequate supply of food, meat, vegetables and other necessary daily necessities. Ensure the smooth logistics distribution in the wholesale market and urban areas, and ensure the timely replenishment of supermarkets and convenience stores. Strengthen price monitoring and product quality and safety supervision, deal with panic buying at the first time, severely punish price gouging, hoarding and profiteering according to law, crack down on counterfeiting, maintain market order and stabilize market expectations.

5.4.8 Strengthen capacity dispatching. Scientifically analyze and judge the epidemic situation and the need for prevention and control, and pay attention to avoiding excessive traffic control measures. According to the principle of "one break and three contingencies" ("one break" is the channel to block the spread of the epidemic, and personnel traffic stops in principle; "Three contingencies" refers to the principle of continuous highway traffic, continuous emergency green passage and continuous traffic of people’s living materials, and "three non-priorities" (no stop production, no inspection, no charge and priority traffic), so as to strengthen the dispatch of all kinds of transportation capacity, make reasonable overall plans for traffic control and guidance, and ensure smooth transportation of medical protection and materials necessary for people’s production and life.

5.4.9 Make every effort to maintain social stability. Propaganda departments at all levels should comprehensively strengthen epidemic prevention and control propaganda and public opinion guidance, keep a close eye on important nodes of epidemic prevention and control, publicize the progress of prevention and control work, and respond to social concerns in a timely manner. Clear channels to solve doubts and doubts, clarify false rumors, eliminate panic, publicize touching stories, set a positive example, and strengthen the determination and confidence of the whole society. Political and legal departments at all levels should promptly investigate all kinds of epidemic-related contradictions and disputes and potential risks that may affect social stability, promptly and effectively ease and resolve them, and prevent conflicts and risks from converging and overlapping. Strengthen patrol prevention and control of pharmacies, shopping malls, airports, stations and other key places to prevent all kinds of major incidents. We will spare no effort to maintain the normal production and living order, and all kinds of illegal and criminal acts that affect the prevention and control of the epidemic situation, political and legal organs should perform their duties, cooperate with each other, and severely crack down on them according to law. At the same time, we should give full play to grassroots social organizations and mass forces to jointly safeguard social stability.

5.4.10 Other measures. At the same time, we should do a good job in animal plague prevention and control, nosocomial infection prevention and control, epidemiological investigation, close contact management, preventive administration, wildlife control and epidemic point division in accordance with articles 5.1.2-5.1.9, 5.2.2-5.2.9 and 5.3.2-5.3.10.

5.5 Measures to be taken for emergency treatment of particularly serious plague epidemic (Grade I)

After the National Health and Wellness Commission started the emergency response and issued the first-level warning, the people’s governments at the three levels of autonomous region, Union City and counties (cities, districts) should set up the plague emergency headquarters, and be responsible for rapidly developing and seriously implementing the emergency measures for the plague epidemic within their respective administrative areas in accordance with the unified leadership and deployment of relevant departments in the State Council or the State Council.

6 prevent cases from being exported.

During the period of prevention and control of plague epidemic, according to the principle of territorial management, the health and health committees of all league cities and counties (cities, districts) should strengthen the management of patient transfer, and all kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels should strictly implement the "twelve no" measures, resolutely put an end to the long-distance transfer of plague patients and prevent the spread of the epidemic. The specific situation is as follows:

(1) Patients with fever (history) and/or swollen lymph nodes (pain) are not allowed to leave the hospital at will;

(2) No patients with suspicious symptoms such as fever of unknown origin, sudden onset of high fever and sharp increase of white blood cells are allowed to be transferred to hospital or discharged;

(3) Patients with unexplained acute lymphadenitis, swollen lymph nodes, severe pain and suspicious symptoms such as forced posture are not allowed to be transferred to hospital or discharged;

(4) patients with suspicious symptoms such as severe toxemia and shock syndrome of unknown reasons are not allowed to be transferred to hospital or discharged;

(5) Patients with unexplained cough, chest pain, expectoration with blood, hemoptysis and other suspicious symptoms are not allowed to be transferred to hospital or discharged;

(6) Patients with unexplained severe conjunctivitis and serious upper and lower eyelid edema and other suspicious symptoms are not allowed to be transferred and discharged;

(7) Patients with unexplained bloody diarrhea and suspicious symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, high fever and shock syndrome are not allowed to be transferred to hospital or discharged;

(8) It is forbidden to transfer and discharge patients with suspicious symptoms such as painful red papules on the skin with unknown reasons and bloody blisters;

(9) Patients with unexplained severe headache, lethargy, stiff neck, delirium, high brain pressure, turbid cerebrospinal fluid and other suspicious symptoms are not allowed to be transferred to hospital or discharged;

(10) patients who have been to animal plague epidemic areas 10 days before the onset of the disease and have not been released from isolation are not allowed to be transferred and discharged;

(11) No patients who have come into contact with animals and animal products from plague epidemic areas within 10 days before the onset of the disease, who have entered plague laboratories or come into contact with plague experimental supplies and have not been released from isolation are transferred to hospitals and discharged from hospitals;

(12) It is forbidden to transfer and discharge patients who have been in contact with patients with clinical characteristics (1)-(9) within 10 days before onset and have not been released from isolation.

7 Confirmation, termination and evaluation of emergency response level

7.1 Confirmation of plague emergency response level

7.1.1 According to the requirements of this plan, the particularly serious plague epidemic (Grade I) shall be confirmed by the National Health and Wellness Commission; Major plague epidemic (level II) shall be confirmed by the Health and Health Commission of the autonomous region or the National Health and Health Commission; The larger plague epidemic (Grade III) shall be confirmed by relevant experts organized by the Health and Health Committee of the Union City or the Health and Health Committee of the Autonomous Region; General plague epidemic (Grade IV) and animal plague epidemic (Grade V) shall be confirmed by the Health and Health Committee of counties (cities, districts) or the Health and Health Committee of Union City.

7.1.2 When the plague epidemic occurs in towns, traffic arteries, densely populated areas, tourist attractions, border crossings, military and space bases and large-scale infrastructure projects, health and health administrative departments at all levels can report to the health and health administrative department at the next higher level while confirming the emergency response level, and the health and health administrative department at the next higher level will confirm whether the emergency response level is upgraded.

7.2 Termination of plague emergency response

Handling of human plague epidemic situation: according to the requirements of People’s Republic of China (PRC) national standard "Standards and Principles for Handling Human Plague Epidemic Areas" (GB15978—1995), all the corresponding emergency response work has been completed, and the standards of rodent control and flea control and environmental sanitation have been reached in large and small isolation circles, and there have been no secondary cases for 9 consecutive days.

Treatment of animal plague epidemic areas: According to the requirements of People’s Republic of China (PRC) national standard "Standards and Principles for the Treatment of Human Plague Epidemic Areas" (GB15978-1995), when infected rats and fleas are found in pastoral areas, the treatment scope should be centered on the epidemic area, and the fleas should be thoroughly exterminated, with early warning as the precondition. The health administrative department of the League City will organize the professional institutions at the League City level to meet the standards of no rats, no holes and no fleas after acceptance.

The termination of the emergency response to the particularly serious plague epidemic (level I) shall be implemented after the approval of the State Council or the national plague emergency headquarters.

The termination of major plague epidemic (Grade II), major plague epidemic (Grade III), general plague epidemic (Grade IV) and inter-animal plague epidemic (Grade V) shall be analyzed and demonstrated by relevant experts organized by the health administrative departments of the autonomous region, Union City, counties (cities, districts), and implemented after being reported to the people’s government at the same level or plague emergency headquarters, and reported to the health administrative department at the next higher level.

7.3 Evaluation of plague epidemic handling work

7.3.1 Organization of appraisers

The assessment of the handling of particularly serious plague epidemic (Grade I), major plague epidemic (Grade II), major plague epidemic (Grade III) and general plague epidemic (Grade IV) shall be organized by the National Health and Health Commission and the health administrative departments of autonomous regions, leagues and counties (cities, districts) to form an assessment team to carry out the assessment. For the epidemic situation of plague among animals (level V), the health administrative department of the Union City and counties (cities, districts) shall organize relevant personnel to form an evaluation team to carry out the evaluation.

7.3.2 Main contents of assessment

Physical geography of epidemic area, causes of epidemic, sources of infection, transmission routes and epidemic factors, occurrence, development and control of epidemic, composition of patients, treatment effect, distribution of infected animals and flea species, density of infected animals and flea index, effect evaluation of measures taken, existing problems in emergency treatment, experience gained and suggestions for improvement. The evaluation report shall be submitted to the people’s government at the same level and the health administrative department at the next higher level.

8 safeguard measures

8.1 Strengthen the capacity building of disease control institutions.

In accordance with the requirements of the National and Autonomous Region’s Standards for the Construction of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Guiding Opinions on the Organization Standards for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we will strengthen infrastructure construction, increase investment, strengthen personnel training, deepen internal reform, improve scientific research level and professional ability, reach the national and autonomous region standards as soon as possible, and provide strong technical support for plague prevention and control.

Strengthen the construction of laboratory detection capacity of county-level disease control institutions, and enhance the capacity of plague field monitoring laboratories. All county-level rodent control professional institutions should have the ability to carry out nucleic acid detection, so as to comprehensively improve laboratory infrastructure, detection equipment and personnel technology. At the same time, we should constantly strengthen the standardization and standardization of laboratory management system, and comprehensively improve the biosafety level of plague laboratories.

Because the focus of plague prevention and control work is in remote and poor areas, the work is hard and the task is heavy. Plague is a highly pathogenic and virulent infectious disease, and rodent control personnel are facing a high threat of biological safety. All regions should ensure the wages and benefits of plague control personnel, pay temporary work subsidies in full and on time, and tilt the appointment of professional titles.

8.2 Strengthen the monitoring of plague among animals and human beings.

Improve the three-level plague monitoring system in autonomous regions, union cities and counties (cities, districts). In accordance with the requirements of the National Plague Monitoring Program and the Plague Monitoring Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, monitoring points are set up reasonably, the monitoring scope is continuously expanded, and the plague monitoring among animals is actively carried out. Gradually promote the application of drones to carry out epidemic focus surveys, carry out new technologies such as plague nucleic acid detection, and continuously improve the efficiency and quality of monitoring work. Medical and health institutions at all levels should strengthen the management of outpatient, emergency and fever clinics, especially primary medical institutions should effectively play the role of "sentinel" in human plague monitoring, strengthen the investigation and reporting of fever patients, and improve the awareness and ability of medical personnel to identify plague patients.

8.3 improve the emergency response ability of plague

In accordance with the requirements of the state and autonomous regions, standardize the plague emergency team, emergency equipment and emergency material reserves, and improve the infrastructure and laboratory equipment conditions of disease prevention and control institutions or plague prevention and control professional institutions. Strengthen the construction of professional teams for rodent control and emergency response, strengthen professional technical training and emergency drills, enhance technical reserves, and improve the ability of epidemiological investigation, on-site disposal and laboratory testing. Each region organizes at least one plague emergency drill every year to improve the response level and ability of emergency teams.

8.4 Strengthen the capacity building of medical treatment

Strengthen the emergency preparedness of medical and health institutions to deal with the sudden plague epidemic and improve the ability of treatment. Designated medical institutions of plague in various regions should have the ability to carry out rapid screening of plague pathogens, improve the response mechanism of clinical treatment, standardize the prevention process of nosocomial infection, transform and build negative pressure wards and negative pressure laboratories, and equip them with certain facilities and equipment, so that they can have a high level of comprehensive treatment ability and biosafety protection conditions, and truly treat plague cases nearby and on the spot. Strengthen the sense of responsibility of medical institutions and medical staff, and establish a responsibility system for the investigation of patients with fever. According to the principle of territorial management, the health administrative department of counties (cities, districts) should sign a letter of responsibility with all kinds of medical institutions at all levels, the heads of medical institutions and medical staff in the jurisdiction, and compact the responsibility step by step and incorporate it into the performance management of medical institutions.

8.5 Strengthen the working mechanism of combining medical treatment with prevention.

Within the health system, it is necessary to establish a close cooperation mode of combining plague medical treatment and prevention, and strengthen the working mechanism of interconnection between disease control, medical treatment and health supervision institutions. Disease control institutions should release early warning information to medical institutions in a timely manner, and carry out training on plague prevention and control related knowledge and laws and regulations for medical personnel. Medical institutions should actively carry out active monitoring of human plague. It is necessary to set up a human plague monitor in this unit, build an interconnection bridge with the disease control institutions, grasp the epidemic dynamics of plague among animals in this area in real time, and notify the disease control institutions in a timely manner according to regulations when suspected plague cases are found. Medical institutions should give certain performance rewards to human plague monitors. Health supervision institutions should promptly carry out supervision and inspection on the prevention and control of plague in various medical institutions at all levels to ensure that all prevention and control work is implemented in detail.

8.6 Strengthen the working mechanism of joint defense and joint control among departments.

Improve the inter-office joint conference system for prevention and control of major diseases, further clarify the responsibilities and functions of each member unit, and actively study major issues in plague prevention and control according to their responsibilities and functions. Each member unit should plan, study, arrange and implement the work of the unit, and form a joint prevention and control work pattern with information exchange, close cooperation and mutual support.

8.7 Establish the working mechanism of group prevention and control.

Take Gacha village (community) as the basic unit, implement grid and carpet management, fully implement territorial responsibility, departmental responsibility, unit responsibility and individual responsibility, clarify the division of responsibilities, and implement the responsibility of plague prevention and control to each grid unit, so as to achieve accurate management to counties (cities, districts), Gacha village (community) and households (units), and at the same time implement the organs, enterprises, institutions and grassroots organizations under the jurisdiction.

8.8 Strengthen health publicity and education

Strengthen the publicity and education of plague prevention and control knowledge, and improve the awareness rate of plague prevention and control knowledge through various channels and forms. Actively carry out public opinion monitoring, timely organize experts to answer questions about social hotspots and issues of public concern, clarify false information on the Internet, and do a good job in communication on epidemic prevention and control risks. Publicize the "three noes and three noes" to residents and migrants in epidemic areas, especially migrant workers (no hunting, no stripping, no taking epidemic animals and their products out of epidemic areas without permission, reporting dead mice and marmots, reporting suspected plague patients, and reporting patients with unexplained high fever and sudden death), so as to improve people’s awareness of self-prevention.

8.9 Strengthen the capacity building of health supervision.

We will continue to strengthen the construction of the law enforcement system, constantly improve the four-level supervision and law enforcement agencies in autonomous regions, league cities, counties (cities, districts) and towns (streets) in Sumu, clarify their functions and responsibilities, provide sufficient supervision and law enforcement personnel and equipment, strengthen the institutionalization, standardization, informationization and standardization, and increase capital investment to ensure the normal development of the work.

8.10 Implementation of commendation and reward

After the epidemic treatment, the regions, units and individuals that have completed the plague emergency response work shall be commended and rewarded.

9 supplementary provisions

9.1 formulation and revision of the plan

This plan is formulated by the Health and Health Committee of the autonomous region, and updated, revised and supplemented in time according to the changes in the plague situation and the problems found in the implementation. Health administrative departments at all levels shall, according to this plan, organize the formulation of emergency plans for plague control in this area in combination with the actual situation in this area.

9.2 Interpretation of the Plan

This plan shall be interpreted by the Health and Health Committee of the autonomous region.

9.3 the execution time of the plan

This plan shall be implemented as of the date of issuance, and the Notice of the General Office of the People’s Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Printing and Distributing the Emergency Plan for Plague Control in the Autonomous Region (No.53 [2008] of the Office of the Internal Affairs Office) shall be abolished at the same time.

Attachment: Inter-provincial Plague Defense Units in Inner Mongolia

attachment

Inter-provincial plague defense unit in Inner Mongolia

First, nine northern provinces (cities, districts) plague defense

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Shaanxi provinces.

Two or five provinces (regions) Mongolian gerbil plague prevention and control

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hebei Province, Shaanxi Province, Shanxi Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Three or four provinces (regions) Daour Citellus plague joint defense.

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, Liaoning Province

Four or eight provinces (regions) plague prevention and control in Marmot foci

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xizang Autonomous Region, Gansu Province, Chongqing City, Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province.

Original Tommy guoke

If you don’t know the friend below, call him "long-haired black pig".

Actually, it’s called curly boar, wikimedia commons/ Magalh?es

We might as well call the following clump of plants "Carex macrophylla".

Actually, it’s bottle grass in the mountains, wikimedia commons/ NoahElhardt

Even without professional knowledge, we can easily name animals and plants that are visible to the naked eye according to their appearance, such as small red flowers, big orange cats and so on.

But there are many microbes in the world! They are invisible to the naked eye, and their features are not as obvious as those of animals and plants. How do you name them? Is it like the joke that the newly discovered bacteria are named after their sweetheart?

Have a surname and be famous.

The long-haired black pig and the big tube grass mentioned just now are nicknames casually, but in formal occasions, we should use scientific names and big names.

The scientific name of a species is written in Latin and consists of two parts: the first half is the generic name, which is equivalent to the surname of a person, and a surname is the family name; The latter part is a name, which is equivalent to a person’s name and is used to identify an individual.

In order to explain this matter more interestingly, we also drew a cartoon. Welcome to come in and have a look →.

Theoretically, if a scholar discovers a new kind of bacteria/fungi, as long as it doesn’t duplicate the existing bacterial name, it won’t cause ambiguity, and it doesn’t violate the law, morality, public order and good customs. Basically, he can name whatever he thinks of, and the naming right belongs to the scholar who first reported it.

It’s kind of cool to think about it.

The first rule of naming: look at the face

Naming according to the shape is the most common naming method, which is very intuitive! The most representative is the famous Staphylococcus aureus.

The scientific name of Staphylococcus aureus is Staphylococcus Aureus. It is a string of Latin names, meaning "bunches of grapes" and "round fruits". Do you think it is as round as a grape?

Figure CDC

And its "name" means "golden yellow" The photo above has been dyed, and it is actually golden in a Petri dish:

Figure wikimedia commons

Staphylococcus aureus in "Working Cell" and "Working Cell"

This naming method is as straightforward as a boy who is 1.9 meters tall is really called a "tall man".

They also belong to this category.

Staphylococcus haemolyticus: This bacterium can make hemolysis circle around the colony on the culture medium containing blood components.

Bacillus cereus: The colony is rough in appearance and resembles solidified wax drops, which often causes food poisoning.

Fusarium spp.: The spores of this kind of fungi are crescent-shaped and resemble sickle, which can cause plant diseases and infect people or animals.

Naming Rule 2: Check the account.

We often use place names to identify a person, such as Beijingers, Asians and Earthlings. This method can also be used on microorganisms: see where it is.

In 2001, the Medical College of Hong Kong University reported a brand-new pathogenic bacteria for the first time. The strain was isolated from the blood and pleural pus of a patient with liver cirrhosis admitted to hospital due to high fever and shortness of breath [7]. Because it was isolated for the first time in Hong Kong, it was named Laribacter hongkongensis.

Some bacteria have a more unique "hukou", for example, Escherichia coli, and the hukou: large intestine.

Escherichia coli wikimedia commons/ Eric Erbe magnified by 10000 times

The official name of Escherichia coli is Escherichia coli, and it is worth mentioning that "Ehi" comes from a person’s name.

In 1885, German doctor Theodor Escherich isolated the bacterium from feces. To commemorate the great discovery of Dr. Escherich, in 1919, the strain was officially named "Escherichia" [6].

They also belong to this category.

Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in St. George’s Church: The bacterium was first isolated from the mural of the church. Because the church is located in a small town called Gelsenkirchen in Germany, it is sometimes translated as Nocardia Gelsenkirchen.

Leifsonia shinshuensis: "shinshu" refers to shinshu, Japan, and is the old name of Nagano, where it was first discovered.

Bacillus nanhaiensis: It was first isolated from oysters collected in the South China Sea by Chinese scholars in 2011, and later it was renamed as "Fictitious nanhaiensis".

Rule 3 of Naming: Name by "sin"

All children in our country should be vaccinated with DTP, in which "white" refers to diphtheria, a once murderous disease. This disease can cause myocarditis or systemic poisoning, and most patients will have a gray-white film on their throat, so this disease is called "diphtheria".

A grayish white membrane grows near the tonsils of diphtheria patients. wikimedia commons/Dileepunnikri.

The initiator of diphtheria is a long rod-shaped bacterium, which is also called "Corynebacterium diphtheriae".

They also belong to this category.

Rabies Virus: the pathogen of rabies; In addition to infecting humans, it can also infect mammals such as dogs, wolves and cats.

Yersinia pestis: the pathogen of plague (Black Death); The strain can infect rodents, mainly rodents, and spread to humans through rat fleas.

Streptococcus pneumoniae: a kind of cocci arranged in a short necklace, which often causes pneumonia in children and the elderly.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, formerly known as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, can cause purulent infection of urogenital system and is one of the common sexually transmitted diseases, commonly known as gonorrhea.

Naming Rule 4: Name after people and institutions.

It is true that the newly discovered bacteria are named after their lover’s name, which belongs to the romance of microbiologists.

Louis Pasteur is one of the founders of microbiology. In order to express his respect and commemoration, in 1887, people really named a brand-new genus (equivalent to a big family) Pasteurella.

Up to now, Pasteurella "Junding Xingwang" has included 31 species and 4 subspecies, many of which are zoonotic pathogens, which coincides with some of Pasteur’s contributions (research on rabies and anthrax). I don’t know if Father Pasteur is happy or speechless.

Pasteur: I should still be happy, right? wikimedia commons/Paul Nadar

Examples of naming microorganisms after institutions or groups are no problem.

In 2010, a bacterium named Yimella was discovered [5]. YIM is the acronym of Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, and it is also the place where this bacterium was first discovered and studied. Yimella literally translated it as "Yunnan Institute of Microbiology". It’s a bit of a collective merit.

They also belong to this category.

Shigella flexneri: one of the pathogens of bacillary dysentery. The first half of the name commemorates Japanese bacteriologist K. Shiga, and the second half commemorates American bacteriologist Simon Flexner.

Rickettsia: the pathogen of typhus and trench fever. Howard Taylor Ricketts, a young American scientist, was unfortunately infected by him and gave his precious life during his research. In order to commemorate his contribution and sacrifice, later generations named it after him.

Legionella: During the Veterans’ Congress held in Philadelphia, USA in 1976, some veterans suffered from pneumonia, which was later confirmed to be caused by a new bacterium named Legionella.

Rule 5 of naming: flip through fairy tales

There’s a genus called Agaricus bisporus, which is very domineering, right? Friends who are familiar with western mythology may know that there is a god in Roman mythology with two faces: the front face looks ahead and the future can be seen; Looking back, you can see the past.

Two-faced gods in Roman mythology: wikimedia commons/ Loudon dodd.

Are the members of the genus Agaricus also very distinctive? No, it looks like an ordinary capsule (Bacillus) or ball (cocci).

However, most members of this genus have one thing in common: they can switch the two forms of Bacillus and cocci in different culture environments. This may also be one of the reasons why it was named like this.

They also belong to this category.

Mycobacterium chimaera: "Chimera" originated from a monster in Greek mythology. It has the head of a lion, the body of a goat and the tail of a python. Mycobacterium Chimera has obvious mixed genetic characteristics, hence its name.

Asgardarchaeota: Some scholars think that this kind of bacteria may be the common ancestor of all life on the earth. What’s more, they named the members of this kind of bacteria Odinarchaeota, Thorarchaeota, and Loki archaea in one breath … and they got together the family photos of the Nordic gods. By the way, these archaea have not yet been alive, and I sincerely hope that there will be a big coffee among the readers of the shell to clarify this process and name it "Ragnarok".

Guokr

In fact, there are many other naming methods, so I won’t list them here. In any case, the naming of microorganisms is a serious process. In the short name, there are both lessons of blood and tears, as well as the exploration of nature, which is an immortal testimony of our human wisdom and courage.

references

[1]Rosenbach FJ. Microorganismen bei den Wund-Infections-Krankheiten des Menschen. J.F. Bergmann, Wiesbaden, 1884.

[2]Shaw LN, Aish J, Davenport JE, et al. Investigations into sigmaB-modulated regulatory pathways governing extracellular virulence determinant production in Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol. 2006; 188(17):6070-6080.

[3]Schleifer KH, Kloos WE. Isolation and characterization of staphylococci from human skin. I. Amended descriptions of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus sa prophyticus and descriptions of three new species: Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus xylosus. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1975; 25:50-61.

[4]Trevisan V. Sul Micrococco della rabbia e sulla possiblità di riconoscere durante il periodo d’incubazione, dall’esame del sangue della persona moricata, se ha contratta l’infezione rabbica. Rendiconti dell’Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere (Ser 2) 1887; 20:88-105.

[5]Tang SK, Wu JY, Wang Y, et al. Yimella lutea gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium of the family Dermacoccaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2010; 60(Pt 3):659-663.

[6]Castellani A, Chalmers AJ. Manual of Tropical Medicine, 3rd ed. Williams Wood and Co., New York, 1919.

[7]Yuen K Y , Woo P C Y , Teng J L L , et al. Laribacter hongkongensis gen. nov. sp. nov. A Novel Gram-Negative Bacterium Isolated from a Cirrhotic Patient with Bacteremia and Empyema[J] . Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2001, 39(12):4227-4232.

[8]Woo P, Lau S, Teng J, et al. Association of Laribacter hongkongensis in community-acquired gastroenteritis with travel and eating fish: A multicentre case-control study[J]. Lancet, 2004, 363(9425):1941-1947.

Author: Tommy

Original title: "I found a new bacterium, can I name it Cyndi Wang? 》

Read the original text

　　When we often brush Tik Tok, we will find that the music shared in the lower left corner has a hint to listen to soda music. Many friends don’t know what this soda music is. In fact, this is a music APP owned by Tik Tok, which can synchronize music to Tik Tok. Let’s take a look.

　　Why is soda music hanging in Tik Tok?

　　1. First of all, we use [Tik Tok account one-click login] on the soda music software;

　　2. After logging in successfully, click [My] in the lower right corner to come to my page and you can see the songs in Tik Tok;

　　3. The interface of the soda music player adopts a layout similar to that of the music player in Tik Tok App, and users can slide up and down to select songs recommended by the system. In addition, users can collect, forward and comment on the songs.

　　How about Tik Tok soda music?

　　"Soda Music" was upgraded from Tik Tok Music, focusing on discovering minority music+recommendation. It is an official music independent app produced by Tik Tok. Come and keep differentiation with QQ music and Netease cloud music. Let’s learn what soda music looks like together.

　　Entering the home page, soda music has three tabs: music, discovery and mine. Let’s introduce them one by one. 1. There are recommendations under music, and two tabs have been played recently.

　　Under the recommendation, according to your listening preferences and those of people with similar tastes, I recommend songs of interest to you and refuse to follow the same pattern. Recently played, showing the recently played songs. We can see that soda music playing is much like Tik Tok brushing short videos, sliding up and down to switch music, and putting likes, comments and sharing in a conspicuous position on the playing page to guide users to interact and facilitate algorithm recommendation. 2. Find and find music in multiple dimensions under the tab, including music stations, song list recommendations, hot song lists/new song lists/global lists, and quickly find the music you want to listen to.

　　Music station, healing/fitness/study/commuting, hip-hop/rock/electronic music /R&B, quickly enter the music you want to listen to.

　　Song list recommendation includes daily recommendation, official song list and user-built song list, so as to know what songs people who love music are listening to and find more good songs.

　　3. mine

　　"Soda Music" was upgraded from Tik Tok Music, so the account is interoperable with Tik Tok, including personal information, attention, fans, song list and so on.

　　Soda Music creates its own song list and adds its favorite songs. The song list can be open to everyone or set as private.

　　It is worth mentioning that "soda music" has been launched as a member VIP function. New registered users will be given VIP membership for 2 months. At present, there are three packages available for VIP members, one month in 8 yuan, six months in 45 yuan and twelve months in 88 yuan.

Vegetarianism is a "health-preserving" diet in many people’s minds. In recent years, many people have joined the ranks of vegetarians. At present, the number of vegetarians in China is about 50 million, and "vegetarianism" is becoming popular.

Although more and more people are vegetarian, unreasonable diet is a problem. Long-term unreasonable vegetarian diet can not only make the body healthier, but also lead to malnutrition.

What kind of influence will vegetarianism have on the body, and what is the correct way to open vegetarianism? In this article, we will answer the questions about vegetarianism, and attach an egg white recipe at the end of the article, so you can keep it for reference!

What are the benefits of vegetarianism?

Vegetarian food with reasonable diet can not only provide adequate nutrition for the body, but also reduce the risk of many diseases. Studies have shown that the mortality of all-cause mortality’s disease, ischemic heart disease, circulatory system disease and cerebrovascular disease in vegetarian population is significantly lower than that in omnivorous population with animal food. [1] Moreover, the risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes and cancer in vegetarian population is lower than that in animal omnivorous food population.

Which two vegetarian dishes are more recommended?

The most common vegetarianism can be roughly divided into two types: ovalbumin and vegan. Egg-lactating people can also eat eggs and milk food besides vegetarian food; Vegan is a strict vegetarian, and does not eat any animal food, including eggs and milk. No matter what kind of vegetarian diet, as long as it can ensure a balanced nutrition. However, compared with the two, vegan has more disadvantages. If you must be vegetarian, you should recommend egg white.

What nutrition is vegetarian easy to lack?

For vegetarians, there is no serious shortage of carbohydrates, fats, dietary fiber and water for vegetarians, and it is easy to meet their physical needs as long as they follow the requirements of Dietary Guidelines for China Residents. Emphasis should be placed on preventing the deficiency of protein, vitamin B12, mineral iron and zinc, because meat food is an important source of high-quality protein, vitamin B12 and mineral iron and zinc. Therefore, we should pay attention to the intake of these nutrients in the diet, and we also need to pay attention to the supplement of vitamin D.

How to supplement the nutrition that is easy to lack?

(1) protein:

Although the protein of meat is high-quality protein, it is not only meat that contains protein. Eggs, milk and beans are all sources of high-quality protein.

The people who eat egg yolk are advised to eat every day:

A whole egg

300~500ml milk

25g soybean or corresponding amount of bean products (50g dried bean curd or 50g shredded bean curd or 100g north bean curd).

15~25g nuts (vegan 20~30g)

All kinds of miscellaneous grains and beans

In this way, the intake of protein is at least 50g/d, which is more than 90% of the recommended daily intake of 55g for women in protein. If it is male, it is recommended to add 10~20g protein powder on this basis every day. It should also be noted that different kinds of protein foods should be eaten at the same meal as far as possible, which can play a complementary role in protein and improve the absorption and utilization rate of protein. [1] For example, protein, a cereal food, lacks lysine and is rich in methionine, while protein, a legume food, lacks methionine and is rich in lysine. When they are eaten together, the proteins can complement each other.

② Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 mainly exists in animal foods, and it is a nutrient that is easily overlooked by everyone. Serious lack of vitamin B12 will cause nerve fiber degeneration, symptoms such as listlessness, anxiety, forgetfulness, and even anemia, so vitamin B12 is also called "nutritional nerve" vitamin. A survey shows that vitamin B12 deficiency is common in vegetarians with elevated homocysteine level and enlarged red blood cells, especially in vegetarians. [2] Vitamin B12 mainly exists in meat food, which is easy to be deficient for vegetarians.

Plant foods rarely contain vitamin B12, and fermented bean products such as fermented soybean meal, fermented bean curd, natto, seaweed and mushroom have some, but the salt content of fermented soybean meal and fermented bean curd is generally high, and the taste of natto is unacceptable to many people. Therefore, it is difficult to make up enough by diet, so it is recommended to take vitamin B12 supplements. ③ Mineral iron: Animal foods such as red meat, animal blood, animal liver and shellfish are good sources of iron supplement, and the iron contained is heme iron, which is easy to be absorbed and utilized by human body.

However, plant foods such as auricularia auricula, Tricholoma matsutake, red dates, spinach, moss, etc., although high in iron content, belong to non-heme iron, and the absorption and utilization rate of human body is low. However, if it is combined with vitamin C, it can help to improve the absorption and utilization rate of iron in plant foods [1]. Therefore, it is suggested that vegetarians should add fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C in their diet, such as Chinese cabbage, kiwi fruit, winter jujube, blood orange, guava, etc., and supplement Vc tablets or iron.

④ Mineral zinc: In addition to meat, nuts, coarse grains and fermented bean products are also good sources of mineral zinc, such as sunflower seeds, pine nuts, pumpkin seeds, chestnuts, black sesame seeds, etc. Among them, phytic acid in bean products is destroyed after fermentation, and the absorption and utilization rate of zinc will also increase.

One day, the egg custard recipe came!

According to the dietary recommendations for vegetarian people in the Dietary Guide for China Residents, people with egg yolk can refer to the following recipes (light-bodied women who do not need to lose weight) to arrange their diet for one day:

If it is a male, the ingredients that need to be adjusted are: 50 grams of millet, 100 grams of sweet potato, 20 grams of walnut, 40 grams of red dates, 80 grams of white flour and 100 grams of tofu.

Note: ① The amount of salt is not written in the recipe, so everyone should control it by themselves. It should not exceed 6 grams of salt every day, which is less than 1 bottle cap of mineral water (1~2 mm short of the bottle cap).

6 grams of salt (Master Kong packaged drinking water bottle cap) 2 The cooking pot is best to be non-stick, otherwise it will cost more oil.

A porcelain spoon is about 10 grams of oil.

Remarks:

Vegetarian people are easy to lack vitamin B12 and mineral iron, so it is recommended to supplement multivitamins or targeted supplements every other day; In order to promote the absorption of calcium, it is recommended to supplement 10 micrograms of vitamin D every day.

Vegetarian people are easy to lack n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, so it is suggested that rapeseed oil and soybean oil should be used more in cooking, and linseed oil and perilla seed oil should be used more in cold salad.

Illustration of some ingredients:

Three red dates (20 grams of edible part) Want to know the weight of jujube stones? I eat very clean!

2 grams of laver

30 grams of carrots

20 grams of red beans (mung beans for reference)

100g sweet potato

10 grams of paper walnut Although this recipe is only for one day, as long as you change the ingredients carefully, you can change the recipe for many days. For example, change Chinese cabbage into rape, green pepper into colored pepper, dried tofu into dried tofu, garlic sprout into leek, sweet potato into purple potato, walnut into cashew nut and so on.

Focus

For friends who like vegetarianism, vegetarianism is also ok. However, ovalbumin is easier to achieve nutritional balance than vegan, and it is more recommended.

In addition, when you are vegetarian, you must mix it reasonably, and pay attention to supplementing compound nutrients or specific nutritional supplements.

Special feature of 1905 film network "Today is a day of celebration! "Feng Shen" has finally reached 2.5 billion! "September 2, withThe first part of feng ShenBox office exceeded 2.5 billion, actorsThis sandFulfilling the promise has brought fans a long-awaited "meatball head" tutorial.

At the same time, Yu Shi, Hou Wenyuan, Yang Le, Huang Xiyan, Shan Jingyao, Pengyi Han and other leading actors are not to be outdone, and they have brought "unique skills" such as dancing, showing muscles, playing Tai Chi, chasing pigs and washing their hair upside down. The Eight Immortals crossed the sea and showed their magical powers.

When the movie box office achieved good results, it was a routine operation for the founders to give back benefits to fans.However, unlike the previous materials and photos, the first part of "Feng Shen""Put all your eggs in one basket", "Learn from Dad" and "Disappearing She"Wait for a fewsummermovie seasonThe film has reached a new height in the "fancy whole life", which can be said that there is no maximum volume, only more volume.

The first part of feng Shen

The first part of Feng Shen let the audience know a group of new actors with both value and strength in one breath.In order to repay the support of the "tap water", the founders launched the welfare without ambiguity and kept their word.

Huang Xiyan, Naernasi, Shan Jingyao and others all chose to make sports videos at the time of 2.5 billion yuan, from swimming, iron throwing and boxing to Tai Ji Chuan, which fully demonstrated the fruitful results of Fengshen Training Camp.

As a "roadshow victim", Yang Le, who plays Boyikao, also made good on his promise at the time of 2.5 billion, and released photos of abdominal muscles. Eight abdominal muscles are clearly visible, and the image of "Hamburg" is also displayed on the face P, and the terrier is played by himself.

Chen Muchi, Li Yunrui and Hou Wenyuan are more open-minded. When it broke 2 billion yuan, Chen Muchi and Li Yunrui brought God of Wealth shorts dance and down jacket women’s group dance respectively, and the picture was very magical.Even Chen Muchi himself commented: "Three days off the net" and "a person’s life will soon pass".

Hou Wenyuan chose to reproduce the "black history" — — The dance of "Subject 1" will carry out the "collapse of human setup" to the end.

If the above is just a routine operation, then the next few can be said to have taken out the housekeeping skills. Xia YuAt the time of 2 billion, an antique trick was displayed, and two small fish were conjured out of thin air, which was very suitable for Shen Gongbao people.

Yu Shi brought a difficult "dragon sucking water" and a brain-opening "chasing pigs" at 2 billion and 2.5 billion respectively.

To say that the most difficult factor is Lei Zhenzi Pengyi Han’s one-handed handstand shampoo, which shows the super arm strength that ordinary people can’t reach.

Wu Ershan, the director, is the most realistic. First, he released a "proton group" muscle photo, and then officially announced that he would launch a variety show of proton training camp, which is expected to meet the audience as a "welfare" at the box office of 2.6 billion yuan.

Put all your eggs in one basket

The first part of "Feng Shen" is in full swing, and another summer explosion "Put all your eggs in one basket" is also not to be outdone. It is full of fancy, singing and dancing, and it is full of network feeling.

Starring LAY turned into Aladdin’s magic lamp, and gave his fans everything they wanted, from "Little Bear Dance" and "Dinosaurs Against Wolves" to singing the theme song "Thousands of Money Are Gone" with fans, which was a perfect score.

Gina also danced the bear dance regardless of the image. The netizen commented: "I can see that today is a big joy, not Anna."

Zhou Ye and Wang Dalu brought a song "Listen to Mom" (gambling-forbidden version) to the audience and also to Atian in the play.

Sun Yang, who has played a lot of fans, finally brought a Cantonese song at the box office of 3 billion yuan, and made an appointment with fans to "advance to 4 billion yuan"!

Learn from dad

Breaking 500 million yuan of "Learning Dad" can be called the "little dark horse" of the summer file, and the celebration methods of several starring roles are also quite grounded. Bo HuangKeep your promise and jump up the upgrade.Dragon fist, join the snake dance, bobby jump and other fat burning actions, very hard.

Wan Qian brought a piano version of "Up in the Cloud", with guitar and kazudi singing in concert with literature and art, full of fairy tales.

NI YAN, who plays the owner of the group of chickens and dolls, "chicken" herself outside the play, bringing "Liu Zhenzhen’s piano debut". User comments: I don’t have enough skills, and I sincerely come together, as if I saw myself practicing the piano.

Lost in the Stars

No more sincere than the involution is "She Disappeared". Although there are not many special benefits, it is also full of sincerity. NiNiWhen I broke 3 billion, I took 30 selfies in one breath, and compared the gestures of 1 to 30 with my hands, which is called sunbathing the ceiling.

Zhu Yilong carefully prepared the piano version of "Cage", thanking the fans and audience for their support all the way. The Weibo broadcast volume of a single video has exceeded 22 million.

The last summer movie set a new record with a box office of 20.6 billion yuan, which is inseparable from the strong support of China audience.

The fancy animation of the film’s main creators not only shows their other side, but also responds to the voice of netizens, which often plays a good marketing and communication effect in the short video era.

But in the final analysis, these are the icing on the cake after all. Only by taking good pictures and becoming explosions can we have the opportunity to do business in a variety of ways.

Who impressed you the most about the above films? What kind of heavy benefits do you want to see next?

　　The Central Rural Work Conference was held in Beijing from December 28th to 29th. The meeting put forward the road of rural revitalization in Socialism with Chinese characteristics for the first time, and clearly defined the timetable and road map of rural revitalization strategy. The meeting made it clear that by 2020, important progress will be made in rural revitalization, and the institutional framework and policy system will basically take shape; By 2035, decisive progress will be made in rural revitalization and agricultural and rural modernization will be basically realized; By 2050, the countryside will be fully revitalized, and strong agriculture, rural beauty and farmers’ wealth will be fully realized.

　　The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the strategy of rural revitalization for the first time. This is the general strategy to promote China’s agricultural and rural modernization in the future, and it is also the general starting point for China’s "three rural" work in the future. To truly revitalize the countryside, we must use the idea of reform and innovation to remove all kinds of obstacles that hinder the development of agriculture and rural areas, stimulate the potential of various rural elements and the vitality of various subjects, and continuously inject new kinetic energy into the development of agriculture and rural areas.

　　First, closely focus on the fundamental goal of simultaneous modernization of agriculture and rural areas

　　Since the beginning of the new century, how to build a well-off society in an all-round way has become a top priority for China’s economic and social development. The 16th, 17th and 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China are all based on the strategic goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in 2020, and put forward requirements and arrangements for the work concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that it is an important task for building a well-off society in an all-round way to coordinate urban and rural economic and social development, build modern agriculture, develop rural economy and increase farmers’ income. The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that it is necessary to strengthen the basic position of agriculture, take the road of agricultural modernization with China characteristics, establish a long-term mechanism to promote agriculture through industry and bring rural areas through cities, and form a new pattern of integration of urban and rural economic and social development. The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China once again stressed that the integration of urban and rural development is the fundamental way to solve the problems concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers. It is necessary to intensify the overall planning of urban and rural development, enhance the vitality of rural development, gradually narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, and promote the common prosperity of urban and rural areas. Under the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee, in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way in the past decade or so, China’s agricultural and rural development has made historic achievements and undergone historic changes.

　　While affirming the achievements, we should also be soberly aware that the dual structure of urban and rural areas is obviously still the biggest structural problem in China at present, and the lagging development of agriculture and rural areas is the most prominent manifestation of insufficient development imbalance in China. From the perspective of income and consumption, although the income and consumption expenditure of rural residents have increased faster than that of urban residents in recent years, in 2016, the per capita income and consumption expenditure of urban residents in China were still as high as 2.72 times and 2.28 times that of rural residents, respectively, and the penetration rate gap of household cars, air conditioners, computers and other durable consumer goods between urban and rural residents is still very large. From the perspective of overall labor productivity, in 2016, non-agricultural industries reached 121,300 yuan per capita, while agriculture was only 29,600 yuan, the former was 4.09 times that of the latter. From the perspective of infrastructure, in 2016, 46.2% of rural households in the country used ordinary dry toilets, and even 2% of households did not have toilets; 26.1% of village domestic garbage and 82.6% of village domestic sewage have not been treated centrally or partially; 38.1% of the main roads in the village have no street lamps. From the perspective of basic public services, in 2016, 67.7% of the villages did not have kindergartens or nurseries; 18.1% of villages have no clinics, and 45.1% of villages have no licensed (assistant) doctors. From the perspective of social security, the current rural minimum living security, new rural insurance and new rural cooperative medical insurance standards are also significantly lower than those of urban residents and urban workers. This is only the gap in quantity. If we look at the quality, the gap between urban and rural areas will be even greater.

　　According to the deployment of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China will basically realize socialist modernization in 2035, which is 15 years ahead of the previous deployment. In 2050, China will be built into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modernization power, which is higher than the goal described before. Although new changes and progress will take place in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way in the next three years, the dual structure of urban and rural areas in China will still be quite prominent when the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way is achieved in 2020. From this starting point, China will enter a new journey of building socialist modernization in an all-round way. How to keep up with the pace of national modernization in agricultural and rural development is a major challenge before us. If the key to a well-off society depends on fellow villagers, then it can also be said that the key to modernization is agriculture and rural areas. The fundamental starting point of implementing the rural revitalization strategy is to keep the modernization of agriculture and rural areas in sync with the modernization of the whole country.

　　Second, firmly grasp the two principles of priority development and integrated development

　　Under the background of the obvious dual structure of urban and rural areas, in order to promote the synchronization of agricultural and rural modernization and national modernization, we must deepen our understanding of the important assertion that "the problem of farmers in agricultural and rural areas is a fundamental problem related to the national economy and people’s livelihood" and truly "always solve ‘ Agriculture, countryside and farmers ’ The issue is the top priority of the whole party’s work. " In particular, it is necessary to implement the new development concept and adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas and the integration of urban and rural development.

　　Adhering to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas means giving full play to the role of the tangible hand of the government and making efforts to make up for the shortcomings of national modernization. The focus is on two aspects: first, promote the priority allocation of public resources to agriculture and rural areas. This is an urgent need to eliminate the stock gap of basic public services between urban and rural areas, and it is also an inevitable requirement to prevent the incremental gap of basic public services between urban and rural areas. After years of hard work, the "four beams and eight pillars" of the rural basic public service system have been set up, realizing a historic change from "nothing" to "something". At present, the main problem is that the gap between urban and rural areas in the field of public services is still too large, and the level of protection of rural public services is too low. We should take "having" as the main direction, continue to promote the integrated development of urban and rural compulsory education, focus on improving the quality and convenience of rural compulsory education, improve the basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents, focus on increasing farmers’ basic pension, improve the unified basic medical insurance system and serious illness insurance system for urban and rural residents, focus on increasing the proportion of farmers’ reimbursement, coordinate the urban and rural social assistance system, and focus on improving the standard and coverage of rural minimum living security. Increase investment in rural roads, water supply, power supply, communications and other infrastructure, and accelerate the construction of rural domestic garbage and sewage treatment capacity. The second is to improve the effectiveness of agricultural support and protection policies. In recent two years, the state has begun to adjust and improve agricultural support and protection policies.Such as the implementation of cotton target price subsidy pilot, the implementation of corn "market acquisition+producer subsidies", and the promotion of agricultural "three subsidies" system reform. In the future, China’s agricultural support and protection policy should continue to increase, and the key is to adjust the focus of the policy. We should highlight the direction of competitiveness, increase investment in farmland water conservancy, land consolidation, agricultural science and technology, and professional farmers’ training, so as to promote agricultural cost reduction and efficiency improvement. We should also highlight the direction of green ecology, increase investment in returning farmland to forests, returning farmland to wet areas and beaches, water-saving irrigation, farmland fertility protection, reduction of fertilizers and pesticides, recovery of agricultural wastes, over-exploitation of groundwater and treatment of areas polluted by heavy metals, so as to promote the sustainable development of agriculture.

　　Adhering to the integrated development of urban and rural areas means giving play to the role of the invisible hand of the market and making great efforts to promote the quality change, efficiency change and power change of agricultural and rural development. China’s agriculture and rural areas have changed from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. To achieve high-quality development requires the rationalization of urban and rural resource allocation and the integration of urban and rural industrial development. In the future, solving the problems concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers will depend on the strength of towns, and solving the problems of cities will also depend on the strength of villages. Cities and villages should be harmonious, interactive and interdependent. First, rural areas should respond sensitively to the new needs of cities and towns. The demand of urban residents for agricultural products has been well met, but the demand for agricultural products quality has not been well met; Rural areas are required to provide not only sufficient and safe material products, but also ecological products such as clean air, clean water, quiet rural scenery, and spiritual products such as farming culture and homesickness. To catch these new demands, we should accelerate the transformation of agricultural development from increasing production to improving quality, and vigorously develop new industries and formats such as rural leisure tourism and old-age care. Second, cities and towns should respond sensitively to the new needs of rural areas. To develop resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture, new fertilizers and low-toxicity and high-efficiency pesticides are urgently needed; To promote "machine substitution" in the agricultural field and improve agricultural labor productivity, agricultural machinery with high cost performance is urgently needed, especially small agricultural machinery suitable for hilly and mountainous areas and cash crop production; Improve the rural living environment, improve the quality of life of farmers,There is an urgent need for new building decoration materials, solid and durable garbage and sewage treatment equipment, economical and applicable kitchen and bathroom and other household necessities. To catch these new demands, we should speed up the adjustment of the technical structure and product structure of industrial departments and improve the pertinence and efficiency of "industrial products going to the countryside".

　　Third, earnestly grasp the three keys of "people, land and money"

　　The implementation of rural revitalization strategy is a systematic project, which requires scientific planning and comprehensive promotion of various revitalization measures in accordance with the general requirements of "prosperous industry, ecologically livable, civilized rural customs, effective governance and affluent life". The core is to grasp the three keys of "people, land and money":

　　(a) to promote the decline in the proportion of rural population and structural optimization. In 2016, the proportion of rural population in China is still as high as 42.65%, and the proportion of employment in the primary industry is also as high as 27.7%. A considerable part of the urban resident population from rural areas has not been fully integrated into the towns where they are employed and live. Generally speaking, China is still in the development stage of "to be rich, farmers must be reduced". We must unswervingly promote the new urbanization with people as the core and continue to promote the rural population to enter cities and the transfer of agricultural labor force. At the same time, we should also note that the rural population entering the city and the transfer of agricultural labor force in China are characterized by "elite immigrants", and the population entering the city and the transferred labor force are obviously superior to those staying in the countryside in terms of age, education level and gender ratio. To realize rural revitalization, we must pay attention to optimizing the rural population structure and improving the quality of rural human capital while promoting the decline of the proportion of rural population. It is necessary to optimize the structure of agricultural practitioners and speed up the training of modern young farmers, leaders of new agricultural business entities and agricultural professional managers. We should not only pay attention to discovering and cultivating new professional farmers from those who are still in rural areas, but also pay attention to guiding some willing migrant workers to return home, college students who have come out of rural areas to return home, and all kinds of talents who have grown up in cities to the countryside, and introduce modern science and technology, production methods and business models into agriculture and rural areas. Speed up the training of a "three rural" work team that understands agriculture, loves the countryside and loves farmers.Comprehensively improve the ability and level of national civil servants, scientific and technological personnel, teachers and doctors in rural areas.

　　(2) Accelerate the establishment of a land security mechanism for rural revitalization. Deepening the reform of rural land system is an urgent need to promote the construction of modern agriculture and develop new industries and formats in rural areas. First, we should improve the method of "separation of powers" in rural land with the goal of agricultural modernization. With the changes in the employment structure, income structure and even residence of contractors, the gradual withdrawal of the "first generation of farmers", the reluctance of Nong Erdai to farm, and the improvement of the social security system in urban and rural areas, the livelihood guarantee function of contracted land is declining, and the function of production factors is highlighted. Therefore, we should adjust and improve the empowerment of collective ownership, farmers’ contracting rights and land management rights to prevent land abandonment and excessive increase in land rent. Second, we should improve the management policy of agricultural facilities land. More flexible and relaxed management policies should be implemented for facilities such as cold chain, primary processing, leisure picking and storage of agricultural products, and supporting land such as parking lots, toilets and restaurants. Third, we should optimize the layout of urban and rural construction land. Effectively implement the existing policy of "determining a certain proportion of the annual new construction land plan indicators to support new rural industries and new formats". Prudently improve the operation methods of linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land and balancing the occupation and compensation of cultivated land, leave land space for rural revitalization, and do not rush to relocate rural construction land to cities or underdeveloped areas to developed areas. Fourth, we should explore effective ways to revitalize rural idle homesteads. On the premise of not buying and selling rural homesteads,Actively explore specific ways to effectively use rural idle homesteads. For example, rural collective economic organizations can save construction land such as village renovation and homestead consolidation, and develop rural leisure tourism and pension industries and rural three-industry integration projects by means of shareholding and joint venture. For another example, rural collective economic organizations can make full use of idle farmhouses and homesteads through leasing and cooperation.

　　(3) Establish and improve the institutional mechanisms conducive to the flow of all kinds of funds to agriculture and rural areas. Whether it is to achieve "industrial prosperity" or "ecological livability", it needs a lot of capital investment. We should raise funds for rural revitalization from various channels such as finance, finance and social capital. First, we must reform the financial input mechanism for supporting agriculture. On the one hand, we must persist in taking agriculture and rural areas as the priority areas of fiscal expenditure and ensure a moderate increase in investment in agriculture and rural areas; On the other hand, we should focus on innovating the way of use and improving the efficiency of supporting agriculture. Do a good job in two articles: "integration" and "incitement". "Integration" means giving full play to the leading role of planning, bundling all kinds of agriculture-related funds as much as possible to form a joint force. "Inciting" means giving full play to the leverage of financial funds and guiding financial and social capital to invest more in agriculture and rural areas by means of awards, interest subsidies and guarantees. Second, we must accelerate rural financial innovation. A considerable part of rural deposits can not be converted into investment in rural areas, and it is an urgent practical problem to flow to cities through the siphon effect of financial institutions. It is necessary to take a two-pronged approach from "building mechanisms" and "building institutions". "Building a mechanism" is to implement the incremental incentive policy for agricultural loans.We will implement differentiated supervision and assessment methods for financial institutions that have reached a certain proportion of agriculture-related businesses, appropriately decentralize the business examination and approval authority of county branches, and solve the problem of insufficient enthusiasm for putting in loans for agriculture, rural areas and farmers. "Building institutions" is to optimize the establishment mode of rural banks, improve the coverage of counties and cities, carry out internal credit cooperation of farmers’ cooperatives, support existing large financial institutions to increase county outlets, and solve the problem of insufficient market participants in lending to agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Third, we should encourage and guide social capital to participate in rural revitalization. Encourage social capital to develop modern breeding, agricultural service, agricultural product processing, leisure tourism and pension industries suitable for enterprise management in rural areas. Innovate the interest linkage mechanism and guide social capital to drive farmers instead of replacing them. Strengthen the protection of property rights and stabilize investors’ expectations. (Ye Xingqing is the Minister and Researcher of Rural Economic Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center)

1905 movie network news Directed by, starring,,,, and, the May 1st disaster action movie held its premiere in Beijing on April 22nd. The response to the event was enthusiastic. Once the film was shown, it was praised by ordinary audience, frontline firefighters and firefighters’ families. The real rescue scene and rich emotional expression made the film rated as "a disaster action blockbuster not to be missed in May 1st" by many viewers. Inspired by many real rescue incidents, the film tells the story of an unprecedented chemical explosion threatening the whole city. Facing the life-and-death test of putting out a fire and saving people, the moving story of a group of members of the fire rescue station going through fire and water with flesh and blood will be officially released on April 28, and will be shown ahead of schedule on April 27.

　

Peking University premiere was praised by firefighters and their families.

At the first stop of the Beijing premiere of the film Out of Fire, director Peng Shun made a surprise appearance in Peking University with the leading actors Du Jiang, Wang Qianyuan and Elvis Han, and exchanged views with the students after the screening. Many students were deeply impressed by the display of modern rescue equipment and the portrayal of firemen’s humanistic care in the film. A student from Guanghua School of Management said: "We saw the introduction of many modern fire-fighting equipment in the film, such as the dry powder fire truck for high-rise buildings and the’ water dragon’ fire-fighting robot. I am very excited to have such a work to let us see the modern progress of fire fighting in China, and I believe that the application of technology can save more firefighters’ lives." Some students also paid attention to the portrayal of firefighters’ psychology in the film. A psychology major said: "Zhao Yingqi, the stationmaster, quickly adjusted his emotions and continued to command calmly when his comrades died. The powerful psychological energy behind him made me admire and thank every firefighter for his contribution." A girl whose boyfriend is a fireman also said frankly: "I have a great resonance with the plot of firefighters getting along with their families. Because of the particularity and danger of the profession, the fireman’s brave figure is behind his family’s worries and anxieties. This film reflects many real situations and is of great social significance."

　

The second stop of the Beijing premiere of the film Out of Fire came to Wanda Studios, and many viewers were in tears not long after the film was shown. In the film, the firemen face the fire and build a line of defense with their flesh and blood, which deeply moved the audience: "They are ordinary people, not omnipotent, but doing their best." "There are no quiet years, but someone is carrying the burden for us. I hope every firefighter can be safe." Several real firefighters at the scene expressed their feelings: "When I saw the story of firefighters being injured in the film, it reminded me of my comrades around me." "I am afraid that my parents will be more worried about me after watching the movie, but I have no regrets about becoming a firefighter. Saving people, fighting fires and rescuing are all our duties!" As the strong pillar and backing behind the firefighters, many firefighters’ families who came to watch the movie also choked after the screening: "The film shows all the hard work of firefighters, and firefighters try their best to protect everyone. As their family, I will also try my best to protect our little home."

　

The main creative acting is well received, and it is blunt that firefighters are real heroes.

At the Beijing premiere of the film Out of Fire, several masters shared the details of behind-the-scenes shooting with the audience. In order to restore the most real and shocking rescue action under the disaster, director Peng Shun revealed: "A part of the explosion point that did not inform the actor’s position was buried at the scene under the condition of ensuring safety, only to capture the most real actor’s reaction." Talking about the impressive shooting moment, Elvis Han said: "When shooting the scene of the explosion of the oil tanker, I really experienced the fire fighting in full combat uniform and found it extremely exhausting. It is very difficult to breathe even wearing an oxygen mask in the thick smoke, and it is not easy for firefighters. " In addition, the actors’ delicate tear-poking performance in the film was also full of praise. Some viewers praised Wang Qianyuan’s incisive interpretation of stationmaster Zhao’s responsibility and firmness, and the charm of "retrograde" infected everyone. There are also audiences who shed tears when they saw Han Kai, the correspondent played by Du Jiang, hand over the oxygen mask symbolizing the passage of life to his sweetheart at a critical moment. The film not only shows the bravery of firefighters, but also depicts the tenderness under fortitude.

　

At the scene of the event, Li Jin, one of the film planners of the film Out of Fire and former deputy director of the Beijing Fire Bureau, also said after the screening: "I choked and cried several times during the movie, thanking the master for performing a live firefighter’s soul. The film presented the ordinary, great and love of firefighters. Every rescue medal has half of firefighters and half of their families." In the warm atmosphere, after watching Dad’s movie, Uh-huh also shared his feelings of watching movies: "Heroes are really hard to be, firefighters are real heroes!" For the part of Han Kai’s emotional line in the film, I was moved bluntly: "Out of Fire made me feel the most extreme romance." In addition, the director who came to help the film also said: "There are always some occupations in life, which may be around us but are easily overlooked. The film makes more people know about them, and also presents the feelings of firefighters with very advanced expressions." In the post-screening exchange, another girl asked actor Ham about her feelings of being a fireman. Ham said frankly, "Every experience is a nutrient for growth, and I thank the actor’s career for giving me motivation and energy. I also hope that through this movie, firefighters can walk into everyone’s hearts. "

　

On the same day, several Xinjiang firefighters who participated in the film promotion song "I am an ordinary firefighter" also specially came to the scene to sing with the masters. The sincere songs made it difficult for the "Flame Blue" to experience the ups and downs and hardships. Tong Liya also said frankly: "I feel the ordinary and greatness of firefighters, and the existence of firefighters makes us feel at ease." Wang Ge, an actor in the rescue brothers group who was unable to attend in person, sent a blessing to Li Guangfu, the actor of Chinese Bin’s father in the film, through a touching VCR: "There are some words I want to tell my father for Wang Wenbin — — Dad, happy birthday, I’m your son Wang Wenbin! And dad, I’m sorry, I don’t regret being a fireman’s son. " The fire fighting belief extending from the screen to reality and the true feelings of "father and son" touched everyone.

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According to the survey report on the living conditions of national automobile dealers in 2023 released by china automobile dealers association, more than 70% of dealers failed to complete the annual task index; The loss ratio accounts for 43.5%, and the profit ratio is only 37.6%.

Will car dealers and 4S shops still be a good business in 2024?

Let’s take a look at several sets of key data. (The following data source: china automobile dealers association)

According to the survey, 27.3% of the vehicle sales targets are achieved at or above 100%, and 19.4% are between 90% and 100%, which make up 46.7%. Usually, the completion rate is above 90%, and the OEM can get 100% rebate.

This means that in 2023, more than half of dealers failed to get the "planned" rebate at the beginning of the year.

Judging from the proportion of income of each business module in the total income, the proportion of new cars and after-sales has not changed much, only the proportion of financial insurance has been rising all the way, and the proportion of used cars has been declining all the way.

The profitability of dealers is also not optimistic. In 2023, the loss ratio reached 43.5%, and the profit ratio was 37.6%. Although the profitability improved compared with that in 2022, it was significantly lower than that in 2021, which was the second worst result in the past six years.

Finally, look at the composition of dealers’ profits. The vehicle sales contributed -15.6% and the after-sales contributed 60.7%. Obviously, the new car does not make money, and the after-sales volume is small, which is the dilemma faced by dealers.

Combining these tables, we can roughly see what kind of year the dealers experienced in 2023.

First of all, dealers are trapped in the traditional business model.None of the business sectors can make people shine at the moment, leading a certain sector to rise suddenly.

Vehicle sales always account for about 80% of operating income, which confirms an experience in the industry: vehicle sales determine whether dealers are dead or alive.

Yes, after-sales can’t determine the life and death of dealers. Even those dealers whose service absorption rate is more than 100% will actually live for less than three years after being cancelled and turned into ordinary repair shops.

Because on the one hand, there is no source of supplementary customers, and the loss of customers and the reduction of admission are inevitable results; On the other hand, the expenses such as rent, water and electricity personnel’s wages have not decreased, and the profits will only become thinner and thinner; The most important thing is to lose the gold-lettered signboard authorized by the manufacturer, and the degree of trust is no longer the same.

Secondly, new car sales not only don’t make money,It is also necessary to dig out a piece from the profits of other business sectors to fill the "negative profits".

Combined with the achievement rate of vehicle sales target, the dealers who can make profits or survive in 2023 are all the stores that rank higher in the national sales ranking of brands or top in the regional sales, with high achievement rate. They can not only get millions of full rebates, but also get hundreds of thousands of extra rewards such as "market contribution award" and "market development award".

From the OEM’s point of view, if all the head dealers in the brand fall down, the brand will have no one to follow. In order to prove the "correctness" of its marketing strategy, it is necessary to set a good example, even if we put some water on these dealers at a critical moment.

From the dealer’s point of view, only those senior dealers whose service absorption rate is greater than 100% can have the confidence to reduce the profit of the new car sales section in the store to negative, so as to follow up the annual volume price in 2023 and sell cars at a loss. The gambling is that the main engine factory does not dare to let itself go bankrupt.

Especially for those dealers whose land is owned rather than leased, the operating expenses are missing a large piece of land or store rent, and only the personnel expenses and marketing expenses are left in the big expenses.

Even if the profits of previous years are filled in, the speed of losing blood can be greatly alleviated, and they can stay at the poker table for a longer time, and the greater the grasp of procrastination.

So in 2024, is automobile distribution still a business project worth sticking to?

Needless to say, the enterprises or 4S shops that still have the status of car dealers are all authorized to sell fuel car brands (except Tucki).

Whether these dealers are still worth sticking to in this industry depends on the power technology route they will adopt in the future and their geographical location.

With regard to the future development direction of automobile power technology route, pure electric vehicles will become more and more mainstream, but it will not be realized in a short time, and its market penetration may even fluctuate upward, let alone completely replace fuel vehicles.

Even if the hybrid vehicle is a transitional technology, this transitional period will last at least 10 years, or even more than 20 years.

Fuel trucks or liquid fuel trucks will not disappear completely. Even in the southern provinces and cities of China, there will still be sporadic use in emergency rescue and disaster relief, field work, etc., while the scope and time of use in the north will be wider and longer.

The power technology route of automobile brand OEM is a long-term strategic decision that will not be easily changed. As its distributor, it is relatively easy to obtain accurate information.

Then the remaining major influencing factor is the geographical location of the dealer.

If the dealer is located in the north of Qinhuai line, even if the power technology route of the brand main engine factory is only fuel oil and electricity, the risk of sticking to it is still relatively low; If the power technology route of the brand OEM is only pure electricity, then the risk of sticking to it is relatively high.

On the other hand, if the dealer is located in the south of the Yangtze River, the risk of sticking to technology brands with only fuel and oil is relatively high, even if the risk of sticking to technology brands with only pure electricity is still relatively low.

So, in 2024, is automobile distribution still a business project worth investing in?

This problem is more complicated than the previous one, which involves not only the power technology route that the brand OEM will adopt in the future and the geographical location of the proposed store, but also the business policy of the brand OEM.

Because the brand OEM sells well and makes money or not, it doesn’t mean that the dealer sells well and makes money or not.

At present, most of the "new power" new energy brand OEMs adopt a mixed cooperation mode, that is, the electromechanical service sector of new car sales and after-sales is self-operated, and only the after-sales car body panel is recruited.

Typical brand OEMs, such as Tesla (since last year, it has started to operate its own business), Weilai, Ideality, etc., are not discussed here.

Most of the new energy brands established by the original fuel vehicle brand OEM still choose the 4S store model, such as:, Lantu, Feifan, Zhiji, Aouita, etc., but when choosing these brands to apply, we must pay attention to their respective business policies.

In business policies, special attention should be paid to the following terms:

Address of the proposed store:Generally, it is required to be in the automobile business circle or downtown area, which is related to the rental cost in future operations.

Building area and building form:It is related to the capital investment of hardware construction and the cost of hydropower publicity in operation.

Sales commission:New energy brands basically adopt the sales agency system, that is, dealers are no longer required to control the inventory, but dealers also lose their influence on the terminal retail price of automobiles. Every time a commercial car is sold (signed), they can only get a sales service fee of 2%-3% of the sales price of new cars from the brand OEM, that is, a sales commission.

This profit is basically less than half of the difference between the purchase and sale of dealers 10 years ago, but for the current market environment, it is a long-lost new car sales profit. However, it is unclear how the proportion of this sales service fee will change in the future.

Payment method of store building rebate:Brand OEMs usually give rebates to newly-built stores, but the current rebate method is disgusting. For example, the total amount of the promised rebate for building stores is 2 million, but it needs to be paid in three years (every 12 months is one year from the month after acceptance and opening), with a maximum of 700,000 yuan per year, which is paid as a subsidy to 1000 yuan for each new car sold.

That is to say, in the past three years, at least 700 vehicles must be sold every year, in theory, in order to get the store-building rebate in full. After the new store opened for three years, the sales volume usually increased gradually. If 500 units, 800 units and 1,000 units were sold in these three years, the store-building rebate would be 50+70+70 = 1.9 million. Of course, in order to reach the sales volume of 700 units in the first year, investors increased their investment in publicity or marketing activities to push up sales volume, and brand OEMs also encouraged and welcomed the success, because it was the investors’ money that was spent, and these promotional investments, brand OEMs said that even if it rains, it will never rain.

In short, there are many reward or rebate clauses in business policies that need to be carefully studied. If you want to get them in full or at the top, there is basically only theoretical feasibility, just for the operation of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, which is quite insulting to IQ.

As for whether it is worth investing, it is necessary to judge the specific location, brand and investor’s own conditions one by one.

Article source: automobile service world, thank you.

　　On June 1st, the Implementation Plan for Guangdong Province to Implement the State Council’s "A Package of Policies and Measures to Firmly Stabilize the Economy" (hereinafter referred to as "Implementation Plan") was published on the website of the provincial government.

　　It is reported that the "Implementation Plan" extends the 33 policies and measures in six aspects of the State Council’s deployment item by item, especially in combination with the series of policies and measures for steady growth issued by our province this year, further combing and forming 131 specific policies in six aspects, so as to accelerate the greater effect.

　　"Overall, the policy has strong operability, covering the real economy, investment and financing, consumption and other fields, and is expected to play an important role in the steady growth of Guangdong’s economy." Lin Jiang, a professor of economics at Lingnan College of Sun Yat-sen University and deputy director of the Pearl River Delta Research Center in Hong Kong and Macao, said.

　　fiscal policy

　　Expand the scope of implementation of the phased deferred social security premium policy.

　　Corresponding to the State Council’s package of policies and measures to stabilize the economy, the fiscal policy proposed in the Implementation Plan includes seven aspects: further strengthening the implementation of the VAT tax refund policy, speeding up the progress of fiscal expenditure, accelerating the issuance and use of local government special bonds and expanding the scope of support, making good use of government financing guarantees and other policies, increasing government procurement to support small and medium-sized enterprises, implementing the policy of delaying the payment of social security fees, and increasing the support for job stability.

　　The "Implementation Plan" emphasizes that it is necessary to strictly implement the tax refund policies for six industries that have been issued by the state to ensure that the stock tax allowance is fully refunded and the incremental tax allowance is fully refunded on a monthly basis. At the same time, we will take effective measures to speed up the processing, and on the basis of taxpayers’ voluntary application, we will centrally refund the remaining tax credits of micro-enterprises and small enterprises before June 30.

　　As for the newly-added enterprises in wholesale and retail, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, accommodation and catering, residents’ service, repair and other services, education, health and social work, culture, sports and entertainment industries, the policy of full monthly incremental refund and one-time full refund of the reserved tax amount is implemented. The "Implementation Plan" emphasizes close docking and good preparation in advance to ensure that it is put in place at the first time.

　　In order to speed up the issuance and use of local government special bonds, the "Implementation Plan" proposes to speed up the issuance of special bonds issued by the central government this year and basically complete the issuance before the end of June. According to the requirement that this year’s special bonds are basically used up before the end of August, we will speed up the progress of special bond expenditures, and strive to start all the issued special bond projects before the end of June. At the same time, we will closely follow the state’s policy of appropriately expanding the areas of special bond support, and accelerate the planning and reserve of a number of special bond projects around new infrastructure, new energy projects, public services, renovation of old public facilities, and consumer infrastructure.

　　In order to reduce the burden of financing guarantee fees for small and micro enterprises, the "Implementation Plan" proposes that the financing guarantee business for small and micro enterprises with a single-family guarantee amount of less than 10 million yuan and an average annualized guarantee rate of less than or equal to 1% will be subsidized by 1% of the business amount for the regional financing guarantee institutions in Jiangmen, Huizhou, Zhaoqing and the eastern Guangdong, western Guangdong and northern Guangdong.

　　In addition, increase government procurement to support small and medium-sized enterprises. Strengthen the evaluation of government procurement projects of budget units at all levels, and reserve procurement shares for small and medium-sized enterprises for procurement.

　　On the basis of the implementation of three social insurance premium policies for five poverty-stricken industries, such as catering, retail, tourism, civil aviation, highway, waterway and railway transportation, and in accordance with the provisions of national policies, other poverty-stricken industries that have been severely affected by the epidemic, experienced difficulties in production and operation in a large area of the industry and are in line with the guidance of national industrial policies will be expanded to implement the policy of deferred payment, and the period of deferred payment of old-age insurance will be extended to the end of this year.

　　The "Implementation Plan" particularly emphasizes increasing the support for stabilizing posts. We will optimize the implementation of the unemployment insurance return policy and further increase the return ratio. Large enterprises will return 50% of the unemployment insurance premiums actually paid by enterprises and their employees in the previous year, and small and medium-sized enterprises will return 90% of the unemployment insurance premiums actually paid by enterprises and their employees in the previous year. In addition, if an enterprise recruits college graduates in the graduation year, signs a labor contract and participates in unemployment insurance, it will issue a one-time job expansion subsidy at the standard of 1,500 yuan per person, which is not repeated with the one-time employment subsidy.

　　Monetary and financial policies

　　Personal housing, consumption and other loans of people affected by the epidemic can be postponed to repay the principal and interest.

　　In encouraging the implementation of deferred repayment of principal and interest for small and medium-sized enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households, truck drivers’ loans and personal housing and consumer loans affected by the epidemic, the Implementation Plan continues the relevant contents in the State Council’s package of policies and measures to stabilize the economy.

　　Specifically, guide commercial banks and other financial institutions to continue to negotiate independently with small and medium-sized enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households, truck drivers, etc. according to the principle of marketization, and postpone the repayment of principal and interest on their loans, and strive to make the extension as long as possible; Give a six-month extension of debt service support for commercial truck consumption loans issued before June 30 this year; For people who are hospitalized or isolated due to infection in COVID-19, who are isolated and observed by the epidemic situation or who have lost their sources of income, we will guide financial institutions to flexibly adjust the repayment plan by reasonably delaying the repayment time, extending the loan term and delaying the repayment of the principal.

　　In addition, the "Implementation Plan" specifically proposes that local financial organizations such as microfinance companies, pawn shops, financial leasing companies and commercial factoring companies should optimize financial services for key industries, small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households affected by the epidemic.

　　In terms of increasing the support for inclusive micro-loans, in addition to implementing the national policy requirements of doubling the amount and support ratio of inclusive micro-loan support tools this year, and guiding financial institutions and state-owned enterprises to support small and medium-sized enterprises’ accounts receivable pledge and other financing, the Implementation Plan proposes to implement the "first-time lender" loan discount subsidy, and appropriately extend the subsidy time limit depending on the discount effect. We will continue to guide the financial system to reduce fees and make profits to the real economy, and the central financial management department will give incentive funds to local corporate financial institutions that issue inclusive small and micro loans at an increase of 2% of the balance of inclusive small and micro loans.

　　At the same time, the "Implementation Plan" proposes to continue to promote the steady decline of the actual loan interest rate, improve the financing efficiency of the capital market, and increase the support of financial institutions for infrastructure construction and major projects. In particular, eligible platform enterprises are encouraged to publicly raise shares and go public overseas according to laws and regulations. Encourage high-quality brokers in the province with subsidiaries in Hong Kong, such as GF Securities, to increase their services for listing in Hong Kong, and strengthen the professional guidance and in-depth cultivation of IPO enterprises in Hong Kong stocks. Support Shenzhen Stock Exchange to build a trading platform for intellectual property rights and scientific and technological achievements, support Guangdong regional equity market to speed up the construction of "special board for scientific and technological innovation", "special board for specialization and special innovation" and "rural revitalization board", and build a centralized custody platform for unlisted securities and a comprehensive cultivation platform for enterprises to be listed.

　　Policy of stabilizing investment and promoting consumption

　　Promote technological transformation of 8,500 industrial enterprises.

　　Car trade-in can be up to 10,000 yuan/car.

　　In order to speed up the construction of provincial key projects, the Implementation Plan proposes to set up a special class for parallel examination and approval of provincial major projects, give full play to the overall coordination role of the special headquarters of six provincial major projects, and implement measures such as exempting construction projects from EIA procedures in accordance with laws and regulations, notifying and promising approval, and simplifying the contents of EIA preparation. We will promote a number of proven water conservancy projects, focusing on promoting the construction of Guangdong water resources allocation project around Beibu Gulf and Guangdong water resources optimal allocation project as soon as possible. Accelerate the investment in transportation infrastructure, speed up the construction of Guangzhou-Zhanjiang high-speed railway, Guangzhou-Shantou high-speed railway, shenyang-haikou expressway reconstruction and expansion project, start the construction of Hezhan railway and Ruimei railway, speed up the construction of cross-river and sea-crossing projects such as Shenzhen-China Passage, Shiziyang Passage and Huang Mao Sea Passage, and speed up the construction of "Greater Bay Area on track".

　　In order to stabilize and expand private investment, the Implementation Plan calls for encouraging and attracting more social capital to participate in major engineering projects, encouraging private enterprises to give full play to their own advantages to participate in key basic products and technical research, promoting qualified enterprises in the province to actively declare "little giant" enterprises specializing in specialty and innovation, accelerating the technological transformation of 8,500 industrial enterprises, and adding 1,500 new industrial enterprises to digital transformation in the second quarter. In particular, speed up the construction of digital government, develop the innovation industry, and enhance the breadth and depth of the application of innovation products and services in the daily office, business systems and important infrastructure of party and government organs. Encourage private investment to focus on urban infrastructure and participate in project construction in key areas through comprehensive development mode.

　　In order to promote the standardized and healthy development of the platform economy, the "Implementation Plan" emphasizes giving full play to the stable employment role of the platform economy, stabilizing the development expectations of platform enterprises and their symbiotic small and medium-sized enterprises, and driving small and medium-sized enterprises to bail out with the development of platform enterprises. Subsidize the e-commerce platform for small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households to reduce online store deposits, publicity and promotion services. Encourage e-commerce platforms to provide traffic support for SMEs and subsidize the cost of participating in online promotion activities. Guide platform enterprises to do a good job in the online and offline linkage of the "last mile" of epidemic prevention materials and important livelihood commodities in epidemic prevention and control.

　　In order to steadily increase the consumption of automobiles, household appliances and other fields, we will implement the special action of automobile trade-in, and give a subsidy of 3,000-10,000 yuan/vehicle to those who scrap or transfer old cars with Guangdong license plates under their personal names, and at the same time buy new cars with trade-in promotion models in the province and put them on the license in the province. Encourage the purchase of new energy vehicles, and give 8,000 yuan/vehicle subsidy to individual consumers who purchase new energy vehicles within the scope of trade-in promotion models in the province before June 30 this year. Further optimize the management of car use, increase the car purchase index in Guangzhou and Shenzhen on the original basis, and no new measures to restrict car purchase shall be introduced in various places. We will fully implement the policy of removing the restrictions on the movement of used cars and remove the restrictions on the movement of small non-operating used cars that meet the national five emission standards. Optimize the investment and construction operation mode of charging piles (stations) for new energy vehicles, improve the construction standards of charging infrastructure and parking facilities, and gradually realize the full coverage of charging facilities in all communities and operating parking lots. More than 20,000 public charging piles have been built this year, basically achieving 100% full coverage of charging facilities in expressway service areas in the province. Encourage cities to organize production and sales enterprises such as household appliances to launch activities to benefit the people and promote consumption, and focus on encouraging the promotion of green smart home appliances, smart phones and wearable devices to promote the upgrading of household appliances in our province. Encourage all localities to issue coupons, Huimin coupons, etc. for consumption in retail, catering, cultural tourism, accommodation and sports, and activate the consumer market.

　　Policy of ensuring food and energy security

　　Accelerate the payment of agricultural subsidies for cultivated land, and add 13 million kilowatts of installed power this year.

　　Ensuring food and energy security is an important prerequisite for stabilizing the economy.

　　The "Implementation Plan" proposes to improve and perfect policies such as grain income security, speed up the distribution of subsidies for the protection of cultivated land fertility, and timely distribute the second batch of agricultural subsidies to make up for the decline in grain income brought about by rising costs. We will introduce a policy of rewarding and subsidizing the rehabilitation of abandoned farmland to ensure stable grain production and increase production.

　　The "Implementation Plan" emphasizes that efforts should be made to promote the implementation of a number of energy projects. 8.88 million kilowatts of backbone power supply projects and 26 power grid projects supporting coal-fired power stations, gas-fired power stations and pumped storage power stations will be completed and put into operation this year. This year, the installed power supply is 13 million kilowatts. At the same time, improve the coal reserve capacity and level, and strengthen the reserve capacity of energy resources such as crude oil.

　　Policy of ensuring supply chain stability in industrial chain

　　Small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households use water, electricity and gas in arrears.

　　In order to reduce the production and operation costs of market players, the "Implementation Plan" clearly stipulates that the policy of "non-stop supply of arrears" for water, electricity and gas for small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households temporarily experiencing production and operation difficulties due to the epidemic situation will be fully implemented, and a six-month fee deferral period will be set up, and cities will be encouraged to further extend it according to local conditions, and late fees for arrears will be exempted during the deferral period.

　　The "Implementation Plan" proposes to promote the phased reduction and exemption of housing rents for market entities. This year, it is listed as a county-level administrative area where high-risk areas in the epidemic are located (Dongguan City and Zhongshan City are located in the administrative areas of towns and streets). Small and micro enterprises in the service industry, small and micro enterprises in the manufacturing industry and individual industrial and commercial households rent state-owned houses, and the rent is reduced for six months this year, and the rent in other areas is reduced for three months. If the lessor waives the rent, it can waive the property tax and urban land use tax in the current year according to the regulations. Small and medium-sized enterprises that rent standard factories in industrial parks and industrial clusters will be given rent holdover or reduction support, and municipalities will give subsidies to the lessors of standard factories to reduce their rental income.

　　For enterprises in industries such as civil aviation, which are greatly affected by the epidemic, the "Implementation Plan" emphasizes the need to increase relief support, increase the amount of emergency loans for civil aviation, encourage banking financial institutions to increase credit support for airports and airlines in the province, encourage qualified airports and airlines in the province to issue corporate credit bonds, and broaden diversified financing channels. As a relief fund for cultural tourism enterprises, the provincial financial co-ordination fund is mainly used to support cultural tourism enterprises such as key travel agencies, A-level tourist attractions, cultural and artistic troupes, performance venues and cultural tourism to promote consumption activities.

　　In terms of optimizing the policy for enterprises to return to work and achieve production, the Implementation Plan emphasizes that the epidemic prevention and control measures defined by the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council and the joint prevention and control mechanism of the province should be strictly implemented, and the implementation standards and enforcement efforts of cities, counties, towns and villages should be consistent, and they should not be enlarged without authorization or overweight at different levels. Low-risk places can’t restrict the flow of people at will, and places with epidemic situations can’t arbitrarily expand the scope to ban eating in restaurants and shut down production and business premises outside the "three areas". Encourage qualified enterprises to carry out closed-loop production in the event of an epidemic to ensure their stable production. In principle, it is not required to stop production. The government where the enterprise is located should give guidance on epidemic prevention and control, strengthen the services of returning employees, logistics support, upstream and downstream connection, and minimize the impact of the epidemic on the normal production and operation of the enterprise.

　　In terms of improving the policy of ensuring smooth traffic and logistics, the epidemic prevention restrictions on freight vehicles from areas with low risk of epidemic situation are completely abolished, and efforts are made to break through the bottleneck of manufacturing logistics and speed up the turnover of finished goods inventory; It is not allowed to block or close highways, ordinary highways and waterway locks without authorization. It is strictly forbidden to isolate county and rural roads, and it is not allowed to shut down expressway service areas, ports and docks, railway stations and civil transport airports without authorization. It is strictly forbidden to restrict the normal flow of people in areas with low risk of epidemic situation. For industrial enterprises involved in epidemic areas, the vehicle passes for transportation of key materials should be "applied to the utmost" and "issued to the utmost" to ensure the smooth logistics of key materials. For freight vehicles coming from or entering or leaving the city where the high-risk areas in the epidemic are located, the system of "taking, leaving and chasing" shall be implemented.

　　Policy of ensuring basic livelihood

　　People who are in difficulty due to the epidemic can be temporarily rescued from the place where the emergency occurred.

　　At present, the downward pressure on the economy is increasing, and it is even more necessary for government departments to make precise policies and concentrate financial resources to protect basic people’s livelihood.

　　The "Implementation Plan" requires that the phased support policy for housing provident fund be implemented, and enterprises affected by the epidemic can apply for deferred payment of housing provident fund according to regulations, and pay back after the expiration. During this period, the paid employees can normally withdraw and apply for housing provident fund loans, which is not affected by holdover. If the depositor affected by the epidemic cannot repay the housing provident fund loan normally, it will not be overdue and will not be submitted to the credit information department as an overdue record.

　　At the same time, we will improve the support policies for agricultural transfer population and rural labor employment and entrepreneurship, improve the provincial financial incentive mechanism for urbanization of agricultural transfer population, and increase support for areas where migrant agricultural transfer population across provinces and provinces has settled in many places. Will meet the conditions of new citizens into the scope of business guarantee loans, new citizens belong to the key groups of self-employment or business within three years, can apply for a maximum amount of 500 thousand yuan of personal business guarantee loans. If the small and micro enterprises founded by new citizens meet the relevant conditions, they can apply for a guarantee loan of up to 5 million yuan for small and micro enterprises.

　　More importantly, it is necessary to improve the social and people’s livelihood security measures. The "Implementation Plan" requires that the aid subsidy funds allocated by the central and provincial governments be well used and distributed in full and on time to the people who need help through the direct financial mechanism. Co-ordinate relief resources, give precise subsidies according to the characteristics and needs of the relief objects, cancel the restrictions on household registration and residence, and give temporary relief to people who have difficulties in basic life due to the epidemic from the place where the emergency occurred.

　　【fiscal policy】

　　● For all small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households that are temporarily affected by the epidemic, the payment of three social insurance units will be deferred in stages, and the deferral period will be implemented in stages until the end of this year.

　　Monetary and financial policies

　　● Delayed repayment of principal and interest for small and medium-sized enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households, truck driver loans and personal housing and consumer loans affected by the epidemic.

　　Policy of stabilizing investment and promoting consumption

　　● Promote the technological transformation of 8,500 industrial enterprises; The subsidy for car trade-in can reach up to 10,000 yuan/car; The charging facilities in the expressway service area in the province are fully covered.

　　Policy of ensuring food and energy security

　　● Accelerate the distribution of farmland fertility protection subsidies and the second batch of agricultural subsidies; Promote 8.88 million kilowatts of backbone power supply projects and 26 power grid projects to be completed and put into operation this year, and add 13 million kilowatts of power supply installed this year.

　　Policy of ensuring supply chain stability in industrial chain

　　● Small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households that are temporarily experiencing difficulties in production and operation due to the epidemic situation can use water, electricity and gas "without interruption", and the maximum rent for renting state-owned houses can be reduced for six months.

　　【Policy of ensuring basic livelihood】

　　● Enterprises affected by the epidemic can apply for deferred payment of housing provident fund according to regulations; New citizens can apply for a personal business guarantee loan with a maximum amount of 500,000 yuan.

In the first half of the year, the premium income was 2,553.7 billion yuan, and the premium income of health insurance exceeded that of auto insurance.

　　On July 25th, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission announced the operation of the insurance industry in the first half of 2019. According to the data, in the first half of 2019, the original insurance premium income of the whole industry was 2,553.7 billion yuan, up by 14.16% year-on-year. Among them, the original insurance premium income of property insurance companies was 670.6 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 11.32%; The original insurance premium income of life insurance companies was 1,883.1 billion yuan, up 15.12% year-on-year, and the new payment of policyholders’ investment funds and investment-linked insurance independent accounts was 600.3 billion yuan, up 28.32% year-on-year. It is worth noting that since the first half of the year, the health insurance premium income of the whole industry has reached 397.6 billion yuan, exceeding the auto insurance premium of 396.6 billion yuan. (today’s guarantee)

　　The total assets of Guangdong insurance industry exceeded the trillion mark, and the premium increased by 21.52% in the first half of the year.

　　On July 24, the reporter learned from Guangdong Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau that in the first half of 2019, the total assets of Guangdong insurance industry (excluding Shenzhen) reached 1.02 trillion yuan, which exceeded the trillion mark for the first time, with an increase of 8.12% year-on-year. In the first half of 2019, the insurance industry in Guangdong achieved a premium income of 239.74 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 21.52%, of which the premium income of property insurance companies was 50.462 billion yuan, and the premium income of life insurance companies was 183.02 billion yuan, ranking first in the country in terms of total premium, property insurance and life insurance. (21st century business herald)

　　The highest rate of return of investment-linked insurance accounts in the first half of the year was 39%, and over 90% of the accounts received positive returns.

　　Recently, Huabao Securities recently released a statistical report on investment-linked insurance, showing that there were 200 investment-linked accounts included in the ranking system in June 2019. Except for three investment-linked insurance accounts with negative returns, all other accounts had positive returns, and the accounts with positive returns accounted for more than 90%. Among them, the accounts with the highest returns had a yield of 39% in the first half of the year. (Securities Daily)

　　Rongsheng Property Insurance lost 127 million yuan in the first year of its establishment. Less than one year after its opening, the president left.

　　Recently, the second quarterly report of solvency was released one after another, and the company’s "annual examination" report card was officially unveiled, which came together with the net profit loss of 127 million yuan and the underwriting profit of the top five insurance products, as well as the resignation of President Xu Guangzhe. In front of the new president, in addition to how to turn the tide and help the performance turn losses into profits, the next layout of technology insurance has also become the focus of attention. (beijing business today)

Good consultation and Cathay Property Insurance Cooperation The second old-age medical insurance was officially launched in Alipay.

　　On July 25th, Shanzhen, the inventor and leader of medical insurance for the elderly, and Cathay Property Insurance, a member of Ant Financial, jointly created the "filial piety insurance" medical insurance product for the elderly, which was officially put on sale on Alipay Ant Insurance Platform. This is the second product developed by the joint industry for the brand-new insurance sub-category of old-age medical insurance after the original invention of good diagnosis launched the first domestic old-age medical insurance in March. The "filial piety insurance" old-age medical insurance uses the Alpha accurate risk control engine specially developed for the silver-haired group, which realizes the first insurance for the highest 80-year-old people to buy, and the longest insurance can be extended to 100 years old, providing the basic guarantee of malignant tumor+accidents and the guarantee upgrade of unlimited diseases, with a maximum coverage of 4 million. This product landed on Alipay Ant Insurance Platform, which also represents the initial recognition of medical insurance for the elderly by industry giants. (today’s guarantee)

　　Today’s headlines re-sell insurance, and after half a year of rectification, they are low-key online.

　　Today’s headline APP’s insurance channel has recently launched a number of products, which have changed to some extent compared with the main products before they were removed from the shelves: regarding the problem of improper publicity of its insurance sales subject referred to by supervision, the insurance channel display page of today’s headline APP has changed from the "headline insurance" initially displayed to "insurance service"; There is a gray font at the bottom of the page: this platform is provided with insurance services by Beijing Huaxia Insurance Brokerage Co., Ltd. At the same time, on the insurance product page, the words "sold by Huaxia insurance broker" were added to the information of insurance companies previously underwritten.

　　At present, today’s headline APP shows that the online products come from three insurance companies, including 2 Taikang Online, 5 Allianz Property Insurance and 2 Asia-Pacific Property Insurance. According to official website, an insurance broker of Huaxia, it also sells products of many insurance companies, such as Centennial Life Insurance, Luxury Life Insurance, Sino-Dutch Life Insurance, Ruihua Health Insurance and Anxin Insurance. Official website, an insurance broker of Huaxia, also showed that he is still selling insurance on the Know Car Emperor APP, which is also the headline APP today. (Broker China)

　　Take risks and invest in new science and technology innovation board. Expect to test the investment value with time.

　　Science and technology innovation board is the hottest topic in the capital market these two days, and it has also become the most surprising investment income of insurance equity this year. Insurance funds are also important institutional investors in science and technology innovation board. The six insurance institutions interviewed by the reporter who participated in the new venture in science and technology innovation board all said that "the rate of return is quite good" and achieved the expected income target. The insurance funds interviewed generally made a profit on the first day of trading in science and technology innovation board, and said that they would continue to pay attention to the follow-up trends and opportunities. (Securities Times)

　　Foreign capital makes efforts to invest in insurance market segments or benchmark international markets.

　　The Office of the State Council Financial Stability and Development Committee recently launched 11 measures to open up the financial industry, among which the opening up of the insurance industry is regarded as the "highlight" by the industry. Although the market share of foreign life insurance will increase in the future, the channel problem may be the bottleneck of the business development of foreign life insurance companies. Internet sales can be a breakthrough in the future, but it will be limited by the total scale. Therefore, poor sales channels will still restrict the development of foreign life insurance companies in the future. The liberalization of the foreign shareholding ratio of insurance asset management companies will promote the insurance investment to be in line with the international market, dig out more assets that meet the long-term characteristics of insurance funds, enhance the investment ability of insurance funds, better support entities, and support the transformation of liabilities. (china securities journal)

Financial Times Survey: Mutual Treasure Enlightens Public Security Habits

　　On July 24th, according to the latest survey of the Financial Times, one third of the respondents of Mutual Treasure users said that they are very likely to buy critical illness insurance in the next six months, and the proportion is as high as 55% in first-tier cities. Among the users who did not participate in mutual treasure, the proportion was only 22%. The Financial Times said that at first, traditional insurance companies were worried that mutual treasures might divert customers. On the other hand, the survey results are just the opposite. Mutual Insurance has raised the public’s awareness of protection by lowering the protection threshold, so traditional insurance companies have gained more potential customers. (World Wide Web)

　　Report: Only 30% of white-collar workers buy health insurance.

　　Zhilian Recruitment and Micro-medicine recently released the "2019 Workplace Health Report". The data shows that only 20% of white-collar workers think that they are in good health, only 30% of white-collar workers buy health insurance, and the purchase rate of young people is low. According to the survey data, only 23.3% of people in the workplace think that they are in good health at present. Among them, 5.5% rated themselves as "very good"; It is considered that the general physical condition accounts for the most, reaching 45.4%; Another 31.3% people think that their physical condition is poor. Men are more confident about their health, and 26.8% of men think they are in good health, compared with 19.8% of women. (Beijing Daily)

Credit insurance business exposes four major problems, supervision warns of barbaric growth hidden dangers

　　On July 24th, the reporter learned exclusively that the regulatory authorities recently found internal control loopholes such as lack of management system and imperfect early warning mechanism in a thorough investigation of 62 property insurance companies operating credit insurance business, and warned the companies to operate cautiously and make practical rectification. (shanghai securities news)

BriteCore, a core software solution provider, has received a new round of financing of $47.6 million.

　　BriteCore, a supplier dedicated to providing the next generation of core software solutions for insurance companies, announced that it has received $47.5 million in financing led by WarburgPincus. The original investors RadianCapital and WCF Mutual Insurance Company also participated in this round of financing. This round of investment has made the company’s total financing amount exceed 70 million US dollars, enabling BriteCore to further accelerate the development of innovative products, while continuing to expand its insurance industry expert team to help support the growth of its customers. BriteCore is a platform that provides modern end-to-end core software for property and accident insurance companies with industry-leading technology. The cloud native solution designed by Britecore is deployed through Amazon web services and constantly updated, which maximizes security, efficiency and durability. The API integration function provides access to third-party solutions and extends the basic core, data and digital products of BriteCore. More than 50 insurance companies, MGA intermediary platforms and insurance technology start-ups have cooperated with BriteCore to access emerging technologies, improve operational efficiency and optimize user experience through this platform, so as to promote digital transformation and gain competitive advantages. (crossing insurance observation)

　　SPLICE Software cooperates with Lighthouse Property Insurance to provide user service for it.

　　SPLICE Software is an American technology company that is good at using big data, small data and voice recognition technology to optimize user participation. Recently, SPLICE announced that it has reached a cooperation with Lighthouse PropertyInsurance, a regional property insurance company, which will provide proactive personalized communication services for policyholders of Lighthouse to enhance the company’s user experience. It is reported that Lighthouse Property Insurance will simplify the communication with policyholders and optimize the user experience through SPLICE’s Dialog Suite. In addition, Lighthouse will exchange data seamlessly and securely through Insuresoft’s diamond platform and SPLICE. (crossing insurance observation)

　　END

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