Tara rhea Obsidian Skull is an accessory in the game. After equipped with Obsidian Skull, it can be immune to the burning damage usually caused by contact with meteorites and prison stones, and will not be immune to lava or other fire-based attacks. It also provides 1 defense force. Players can use 20 Obsidian Skull in the furnace to synthesize 1 Obsidian Skull.

Tara rhea Obsidian Skull Obtaining Method and Introduction Strategy

Obsidian skull is an accessory in the game. After equipped with Obsidian skull, it can be immune to the burning damage usually caused by contact with meteorites and prison stones, and it will not be immune to lava or other fire-based attacks, and it also provides 1 defense.

1.4.1 version update

Obsidian Skull Series accessories set to visible are now compatible with hats/helmets that show your face, and it will replace your face with a skull. Because the shape of the skull is different from the standard "tara rhea face", some helmets will change to another layout with a more standard appearance. In addition, almost all physically compatible head/face accessories can be worn with obsidian skulls.

Acquisition method

Production: 20 obsidians can be synthesized into an obsidian skull in the furnace.

(Illustration: synthesis method of obsidian skull)

Internal ID

Internal item id: 3999

make

1. An obsidian skull and a magmatic rock can be combined into a magmatic skull in a craftsman’s workshop.

2. An obsidian skull and a lava amulet can be combined into a melting amulet in a craftsman’s workshop.

3. A lucky horseshoe and an obsidian skull can be combined into an obsidian horseshoe in a craftsman’s workshop.

4. A cobalt shield and an obsidian skull can be combined into an obsidian shield in a craftsman’s workshop.

5. An obsidian rose and an obsidian skull can be synthesized into an obsidian skull rose in a craftsman’s workshop.

6. An obsidian floating boot and an obsidian skull can be synthesized in a craftsman’s workshop.

Item evaluation

1. Players can dig meteorites and prison stones without the protection of obsidian skulls, because players will only be hurt when they come into contact with the shape of their placed objects; Without this immunity, players can dig from a certain distance, but the obsidian skull makes this process easier.

2, Obsidian skull can be worn in the social bar, when worn, it gives players a unique appearance.

3, computer version of 1.4.0.1: inventory Sprite update; Now it is used to make magma skulls, melting spells and obsidian skulls roses; Now we have equipped Sprite.

Attribute introduction

Since the outbreak of the epidemic, under the personal command and deployment of the CPC Central Committee and President Xi, the people of the whole country have been united in the same boat and launched a people’s war, a general war and a blocking war to prevent and control the epidemic. In this struggle, the provincial military region system moved at the command, took the initiative to take the lead and participated in the whole process, and deeply explored the characteristics and laws of national mobilization in actual combat, which provided a useful reference for doing a good job in wartime national mobilization.

Enhance the infiltration of ideological mobilization and lay a good ideological foundation for comprehensive mobilization

The people of the whole country know the general situation, take care of the overall situation, listen to greetings, obey the rules, advance and retreat together, and take responsibility together. This high degree of collective consciousness stems from deep and solid ideological mobilization. In the fight against the epidemic, all localities have made full use of TV broadcasts, newspapers and magazines, mobile phone networks, electronic screens, banners and newspapers and other channels to carry out high-intensity, multi-frequency and full-time launch, continuously convey the concern and care of the CPC Central Committee, timely push forward the anti-epidemic process and decision-making arrangements, and regularly publicize the epidemic prevention professional knowledge and related requirements, and through strong penetration, realize door-to-door and brain-to-heart. On the basis of doing a good job of general mobilization for the public, government agencies, industry associations, university enterprises, and street communities have implemented several waves of directional mobilization in their respective industries. The Hubei Military Region vigorously carried out the activities of "the chief officer leading the battle, the main battle in party member, the militia participating in the war and the civilian fighting", and the military and civilians realized the ideological transformation from peacetime to wartime in a short time. This fight against the epidemic has highlighted the importance of ideological mobilization and demonstrated our strong national mobilization ability. Compared with the anti-epidemic, people faced threats more directly in wartime, suffered more casualties, and the battlefield management was more difficult. It was difficult to quickly form the conscious collective will of the whole people only by relying on short-term mobilization.

From the perspective of anti-epidemic practice, to improve the efficiency of national mobilization in wartime, we must rely on national defense education in peacetime, prepare in advance and infiltrate for a long time, and lay a good ideological foundation for the implementation of national mobilization. It is necessary to broaden the scope, adhere to the "five in one" of party committees, governments, schools, the army and society, build a national defense education system covering the whole people, and extend the audience of national defense education to all social strata and groups; To increase the depth, in addition to popularizing general national defense knowledge, we should also strengthen urban crisis education and risk training, and guide the public to firmly establish the awareness of preparing for famine and disaster; It is necessary to increase the intensity, use various media to moderately increase the content and frequency of national defense education, and form a long-term effect in a subtle way.

Give full play to the organizational strength of the backbone team and make good use of key groups at critical moments.

In this anti-epidemic campaign, cadres, militia, volunteers and other key groups in party member took on heavy responsibilities and became the main force of mass prevention, mass control and joint prevention and control. For example, more than 44,500 party member employees in Wuhan party and government organs, enterprises and institutions have sunk to more than 3,000 communities; About 120,000 volunteers and more than 13,800 grid workers participated in community prevention and control; The Hubei Military Region has mobilized more than 839,000 militiamen, and about 31,000 militiamen are active in the front line every day during the peak period. These key groups assume various responsibilities such as organizers, propagandists, administrators, waiters, rescuers, deliverymen, etc., and play the role of "backbone" and "ballast stone". In the future, the mobilization of the whole people in wartime will be larger in scale and more complicated in organization, and it is even more necessary for these key groups to play a key role in going deep into the masses.

From the practice of anti-epidemic, the implementation of national mobilization needs to combine the different characteristics of different groups and focus on construction in peacetime. For party member cadres, the key point is to strengthen grassroots practice, encourage and guide party member cadres to be grounded, learn skills and grow talents among the masses. Once something can quickly sink into the front line and enter the role, they can better play a leading role in organizing and mobilizing the masses; For militia groups, the key point is to strengthen the professional training of support and emergency response, and truly have the ability to fight in wartime and respond in an emergency; For volunteer groups, the key point is to build a management system centered on management institutions and service platforms, enhance information sharing, financial support and incentive publicity, and enhance their enthusiasm and professional ability to participate in national mobilization.

Enhance the leading role of public opinion propaganda and constantly condense the positive energy of anti-epidemic

During the anti-epidemic period, the public opinion field was quite active. Especially in the early days of the epidemic, the flood of information was overwhelming, and it was difficult to distinguish between true and false. The hostile forces fanned the flames and made malicious speculation, and the people were highly concerned and highly sensitive. Only one Yangtze River Yunrong media platform increased its users by more than 196,000 in a few days, with an average daily page view of more than 27 million, which was six times that before the epidemic. Although governments at all levels, various media and authoritative experts have strengthened the dissemination of positive energy information, some negative information has also produced amplification and acceleration effects in a short time. For example, rumors such as "Wuhan is about to be fully taken over by the People’s Liberation Army" have a very bad influence. With the improvement of the epidemic situation, the information of positive energy has gradually gained the upper hand, and people’s psychology has also changed from tension and anxiety to calm and self-confidence. In wartime, the public opinion field will inevitably present similar characteristics and laws.

Judging from the practice of anti-epidemic, to win the people’s war in the future, the people’s will to fight will be the key target of the enemy, and we must firmly grasp the initiative of public opinion from the beginning. Make full use of various media channels, especially the authoritative platform, to release the dynamic information of war in time and accurately, so that the masses can understand the real situation at the first time; Collect people’s demands, respond to people’s concerns, identify the focus of people’s attention with empathy, and answer people’s questions in people’s language; It is necessary to decisively and effectively control, strengthen the application of information means such as big data and public opinion monitoring software, and block the spread channels of various rumors and false information.

Strengthen the control power at the grass-roots level and give full play to the role of the party organization as a fighting fortress

During the epidemic prevention and control period, closed management was implemented throughout the country, and every community, community and village team was an independent position and a battle fortress. The grass-roots community (village) was responsible for the living security, material procurement, medical treatment, inspection and quarantine management of all residents in this position. According to statistics, more than 9 million people stayed in Wuhan during the "city closure" period, distributed in more than 7,000 communities, more than 1,400 communities and more than 1,900 villages (brigades). Each community worker faces about 350 people, and the task is extremely arduous. Community is the last link between policy provisions and real individuals, and it is also the key link to improve the national governance system and enhance governance capacity. Effective community work can ensure the smooth implementation of government decrees and promote all the people to work and live in an orderly way in wartime. This anti-epidemic campaign highlights the importance of community building, which is the key to the mobilization of the whole people.

Judging from the practice of anti-epidemic, in the future people’s war, to mobilize the whole people to participate in the war, it is especially necessary to strengthen the party’s leadership over the overall work at the grassroots level and give full play to the role of grassroots party organizations as fighting fortresses; Strengthen personnel training, incorporate community team building into national and local talent development plans, and build a team of professional community workers with excellent quality; Increase investment in community platform construction, give urban and rural communities more human, financial and administrative rights with appropriate responsibilities, and build community mobilization publicity and education platforms, material support platforms, and information and communication platforms to ensure that communities provide public services to the end of society, but also have the conditions for legal control and strong control.

Strengthen the support of material supply, focus on ensuring people’s livelihood and promote stability.

Judging from the means of epidemic prevention and control, the fight against the epidemic is a science and technology war, a public opinion war and a logistics war. To implement closed management, we must first solve the basic needs of the people. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee, the whole country played a game of chess, coordinated as a whole, coordinated materials across provinces and regions, and took many measures to ensure supply, transportation capacity and people’s livelihood, which better solved the basic living problems of the people. Take Wuhan as an example, the vegetable stock can continuously supply about 8,000 tons per day, and the stock of basic daily necessities of rice, flour, oil and meat in the city can meet the consumer demand for more than 30 days. The Hubei Military Region coordinated six garrison units to deploy 260 people and 130 transport vehicles to set up a transport support team, transporting 15,019 tons of various materials, and investing them in the frontline and grassroots communities to raise more than 270 tons of materials to alleviate the urgent need for support. Through the joint efforts of the military and the land and comprehensive policies, it has provided peace of mind for the people to stay at home and created a solid rear for the victory of the anti-epidemic.

Judging from the practice of anti-epidemic, to do a good job in mobilizing the whole people in future wartime, we must focus on ensuring people’s livelihood, so that the fighting can last. We must do a good job in strategic material reserves in different fields and specialties, not only in high-tech equipment and information resources, but also in basic people’s livelihood, so as to lay a solid foundation for resource mobilization in wartime. According to the module of jurisdiction, we should conscientiously do a good job in the investigation and statistics of war potential, and make all kinds of potential data, regional distribution and specific positioning accurate to provide support for wartime resource mobilization; It is necessary to establish a wartime control and interest adjustment mechanism, crack down on speculation such as hoarding and raising prices, take incentive measures, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of mass organizations to produce and supply combat materials in short supply, and provide a steady stream of stamina for material supply.

Improve the mobilization of intelligent information and provide intellectual support for wartime mobilization

In this anti-epidemic campaign, big data, cloud computing and other information technologies have shown their talents. All localities rely on government affairs network and mobile APP to accurately convey epidemic prevention policies, and use the medical material demand information platform to organize hospitals to meet the needs of production enterprises and open electronic "health codes" to provide data support for sketching regional epidemic maps, tracing patient trajectories, and assisting the government in making precise policies. Epidemic prevention and control has expanded the application of Internet, big data and communication technology as never before, and also examined the problem of insufficient support for smart cities to fight the epidemic. For example, it is difficult for national defense mobilization data to support epidemic prevention and control, and it is difficult to realize real-time network collection of national defense mobilization potential data, and military and land information is not shared. In the future war, information is an important operational factor, and information mobilization is the main position of war mobilization. We must rely on the construction of smart cities and do a good job in information mobilization.

From the perspective of anti-epidemic practice, to do a good job in information mobilization, we must incorporate smart emergency and smart mobilization into the construction of smart cities, build national defense mobilization command centers at all levels vertically, and cross the command information network of the professional office and industry system of the National Movement Committee; It is necessary to build a big data system platform, improve the management system of data collection, storage and distribution of mobilization potential and demand, and rely on cloud computing technology to achieve dynamic docking and scientific deployment; It is necessary to rely on universities, scientific research institutes and high-tech enterprises to compile and build national defense mobilization professional teams and militia reserve detachments, train information mobilization professionals, and provide intellectual support for accomplishing mobilization tasks in wartime.

(The author is the commander of Hubei Military Region)

　　CCTV News (Reporter Tian Hong, reporter Gou Huimin): Every year from November to April of the following year, people and vehicles will be trapped in the Dynasu section. To this end, in 2021, the 165 th regiment of the 9 th Division established the Emin detachment of the Hurricane Emergency Rescue Center in Tacheng area, which specially escorted the trapped people.

　　"Hey, Diane Sue border police station, our group is trapped in the position of National Highway 219 …" On the morning of March 24, a trapped driver urgently called the Dayinsu police station.

　　After receiving the rescue information, the rescue police of the 165th Regiment of the Ninth Division and the staff of the Comprehensive Management Center contacted the trapped driver while driving in the inclement weather with snow and visibility of only a few meters. It took nearly two hours to find two cars trapped in the snowstorm.

　　When he saw the rescuers who came in a hurry, the trapped driver excitedly thanked him. The rescue team made a rescue plan according to the terrain where the vehicles were trapped at that time. After an hour of hard work and cooperation, the two trapped vehicles were all rescued safely and escorted all the way out of the snowstorm area.

　　The howling north wind kept blowing with snow, and the cold wind hit the face like a knife. The rescuers’ faces were all red, and their eyebrows and eyelashes were covered with white ice flowers. They didn’t drop water for five hours, but it was a true portrayal and normality of their winter rescue.

　　It is reported that the Emin detachment of the Hurricane Emergency Rescue Center in Tacheng area is composed of public welfare personnel from all walks of life and has 23 social rescue vehicles. Up to now, it has been rescued 43 times. There are more than 130 rescuers and more than 60 vehicles.

　　　　I don’t mean to spoil your appetite, but dear friends, when you take the first subway to work in the morning with a few fried dough sticks; When you are standing on the street munching on mutton kebabs; Do you realize that you are in danger when you order a pot of delicious boiled fish for your child?

　　　　Danger comes from oil. I don’t know since when, urban sewers have become places where some people get rich. Every day, they get a lot of dim, turbid and slightly red paste from there. After only one night of filtration, heating, precipitation and separation, they can make this.Some stinking garbage turned into clear "edible oil" and finally returned to people’s tables through low-priced sales. This three-no product, called "waste oil", is still composed of triglycerides, but there are many more toxic substances that cause disease and cancer than real edible oil.

　　　　"You must have eaten gutter oil, too." He Dongping, a professor at the School of Food Science and Engineering of Wuhan Institute of Technology, told the China Youth Daily reporter. His other identity is the head of the oil and grease working group of the National Grain and Oil Standardization Committee. According to his estimation, at present, there are 2 million to 3 million tons of waste oil returning to the table every year in China. The total consumption of animal and vegetable oil in Chinese is about 22.5 million tons a year-that is to say, according to the proportion, if you eat 10 meals, one meal may come across gutter oil.

　　　　In an era of paying attention to food safety, the ideal state is that when you go to a restaurant, you take out a test paper and dip it in the dish. After a while, you take it out and compare it with the spectrum table, and then shout, "Boss, change the oil!" But the reality is that up to now, scientists have not found an ideal means to detect and identify gutter oil.

　　　　A Scientific Investigation on the Influence of Appetite

　　　　At the beginning of the new semester, nine senior students from the School of Food Science and Engineering of Wuhan Institute of Technology received their new task-investigating the situation of waste oil in three towns of Wuhan.

　　　　"This is a survey that affects appetite." Jiang Shan, head of the investigation team, said that sampling is their core task. So, this group of college students put on old clothes and gloves, and lie on the side of the sewer near the restaurant every day. Fortunately, it is winter, low temperature condenses oil into semi-solid, and sewers are not as smelly as summer. The students used shovels to dig out the "red and white" floating objects and put them in plastic bags. However, you have to be careful in doing these things, because the instructors have repeatedly reminded you, "Be careful of those who recycle waste oil, they will beat people."

　　　　Compared with the "sneaking around" of college students, the professional recyclers of gutter oil are really "aboveboard". All they need is a shovel, a few worn-out iron drums and an electric car, and they can go home with a full load, at most, they can bring an extra flashlight when it is dark.

　　　　Sometimes when we meet in a narrow road, the students’ actions of digging oil will inevitably attract some hostile eyes, and some people have come to ask "why". The students were so nervous that they faltered that they wanted to "take it back to feed the dog".

　　　　During the investigation, the students learned that the cost of extracting 1 ton of gutter oil from the kitchen waste in the catering industry is only about RMB in 300 yuan. In their view, profit-driven is one of the main reasons for the long-term existence of waste oil. People who dig gutter oil seem inconspicuous. In fact, they can earn 70 to 80 yuan on average by digging a barrel of oil. A person can usually pay 4 barrels a day. After recycling and refining, even if it is sold at half the market price of edible oil, it can earn more than 10,000 yuan a month, which is equivalent to the income of senior white-collar workers. Someone told the students that in this line, even odd jobs earn 2,500 yuan a month.

　　　　Because of paying attention to the food culture of frying, frying and stewing, extravagance and waste, a large amount of kitchen waste and gutter oil derived from it have become a unique phenomenon in China. In the survey, the students found that in Wuhan, even the stalls selling fish soup paste powder produce about 15 kilograms of kitchen waste every day. It is estimated that there are more than 60,000 restaurants in Wuhan, which produce about 252,000 tons of kitchen waste and 126,000 tons of waste oil every year.

　　　　Therefore, in such a city, digging gutter oil has become a profiteering industry. Some people monopolize the kitchen waste in some restaurants and send someone to buy it every day. A city is usually divided into several spheres of influence.

　　　　It is in such a harsh "competitive environment" that the students of the investigation team obtained more than 60 samples by "stealing openly and stealing secretly". These samples of waste oil in glass bottles are now stored in the freezer of the laboratory with labels such as "Sichuan restaurant" and "boiled fish". Although the bottle cap is tightly plugged, there are still some pungent and sour smells from time to time. It is said that this is "aldehyde produced after rancidity of unsaturated fatty acids".

　　　　After completing the sampling work, the students of the investigation team inspected the catering market in Wuhan by the way, and found that some breakfast stalls were impressively equipped with two pots, one with a good oil label and the other without a label, which was "obviously turbid". There is also a takeaway mutton kebab in the university town, always taking a Sprite bottled oil, and those "golden oil" are full of sediment.

　　　　"Wuhan is just a microcosm." Jiangshan said that in hundreds of cities in China, waste oil is recycled wherever there is a catering industry. Conversely, because of the low price, these waste oils eventually returned to the catering industry, from street shops to five-star hotels.

　　　　The results of medical research show that long-term intake of waste oil will cause obvious harm to human body, such as developmental disorder, enteritis, hepatomegaly, heart and kidney enlargement and fatty liver. Aflatoxin, one of the main hazards in gutter oil, is a strong carcinogen, and its toxicity is 100 times that of arsenic.

　　　　Another problem is ethical. "The oil that others have eaten deteriorates in the sewer and is fished up again. Can people eat it?" A member of the investigation team frowned and said. During that time, there was always an "indelible smell" on his clothes. The investigation took only 10 days, but he lost his appetite for half a month.

　　　　Oil mixed with oil makes the gods worry.

　　　　Since the birth of the catering industry, gutter oil has inevitably appeared. However, when it was originally called "swill", it was usually only used to feed pigs, and it was only given to people in the last 20 years.

　　　　In the view of scientific researchers, the difficulty in treating gutter oil lies in that it is difficult to distinguish gutter oil from ordinary oil only from appearance and sense after refining processes such as washing, distillation, decoloration and deodorization. Illegal traders usually mix gutter oil into edible oil, and if the content is small, it is even more difficult to detect.

　　　　"People who engage in oil" all know a saying: "Oil mixed with oil makes the gods worry".

　　　　Professor He Dongping has been engaged in the research of gutter oil for 7 years. He and his research team are also undertaking the task of the National Standardization Administration Committee-"Research and formulation of the reuse standard of waste oil in urban kitchen waste". At present, the important task is to find an effective means to detect and identify gutter oil.

　　　　In He Dongping’s view, traditional detection methods only capture a certain characteristic of gutter oil, but none of them can effectively detect gutter oil from different sources at the same time, which sometimes leads to large detection error and more possibility of misjudgment. If the content of gutter oil is small, it can’t be detected.

　　　　Such as conductivity detection. Because the oil comes into contact with detergents and metal utensils during cooking, or stays in heavy metal environment for a long time, the conductivity value of gutter oil is obviously higher than that of ordinary edible oil. In Wuhan Institute of Technology, an undergraduate surnamed Liu once found a way to detect gutter oil within 30 minutes. By testing the conductivity of oil, he concluded that the conductivity of waste oil is 5~7 times that of first-class edible oil. This method is relatively effective for the detection of hogwash fat. However, its defect is that it is only suitable for the detection of food oil with more than 20% waste oil added.

　　　　The other is cholesterol test. Because gutter oil is a mixture of various animal and plant fats, among which animal fats generally contain cholesterol, while regular vegetable oils that people eat generally contain no or only a very small amount of cholesterol. Using this characteristic, some gutter oil can be identified, but the addition of gutter oil is also required to be above 10%.

　　　　Under the guidance of the teacher of Wuhan Institute of Technology, a graduate student named Wang Le once developed a blue test paper. With the increasing proportion of waste oil, the blue test paper will show yellow-green, light yellow and bright yellow. This is based on the "accumulation" of oil to detect the purity of oil. When there is sodium chloride (salt) in oil, its accumulation is large, otherwise it is small, while there is usually no sodium chloride in edible oil produced by formal channels. However, this method is also limited by the addition ratio of waste oil.

　　　　On the internet, you can find a company specializing in the production of "waste oil rapid detection kit". However, from the instructions provided by the company, "for some unpurified oils (such as sesame oil, pepper oil, etc.) and oils with other ingredients (such as Chili oil), this method is easy to produce false positives."

　　　　"The detection method of waste oil in the future must be a comprehensive evaluation method that integrates past experience." He Dongping said that a single method will not be included in the future Standard as a "classic method" for identification.

　　　　Government management is the key.

　　　　As a researcher engaged in oil research, He Dongping always believes that the treatment of waste oil is not determined by testing methods or standards, but the key lies in government management.

　　　　He once calculated that every 10,000 people can produce 1 ton of food waste every day, and these food wastes can produce 130 kilograms of waste oil after washing, distillation, decoloration and deodorization. When it is returned to the farmers’ market for sale, the price is half that of ordinary edible oil. Then the comprehensive statistical results show that the total profit of domestic gutter oil can reach 1.5 billion to 2 billion yuan a year.

　　　　However, in the treatment of kitchen waste, China has been in a state of "anarchy" for a long time, which provides a large-scale "gray industry" space for some unscrupulous traders. Therefore, He Dongping’s vision is that "the kitchen waste must be centrally purchased and treated by the government, and the waste oil must be eliminated from the source".

　　　　At the initiative of He Dongping, a kitchen waste treatment plant will be built in Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang, three towns in Wuhan, from this year. While disposing of garbage, it can also produce 25 tons of biodiesel and 400,000 cubic meters of biogas every day.

　　　　"Economic benefits are second and social benefits are first." He Dongping said that as long as the city exists, these factories should exist. According to his vision, as long as more than 3,000 such factories are built in more than 600 cities across the country, it will not only alleviate the "garbage siege", but also completely solve the problem of waste oil.

　　　　In fact, relevant policies have been introduced in some areas of China. As early as 2006, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province implemented the "Measures for the Management of Kitchen Wastes". According to the "Measures", the kitchen wastes in restaurants and canteens in Ningbo City will be collected, transported and disposed in a centralized and harmless way, so as to block the waste oil from the source. He Dongping visited Ningbo and found that the effect was remarkable.

　　　　Recently, enterprises have emerged in Beijing that use microbial fermentation technology to make kitchen waste into organic feed and organic fertilizer. These clean technologies have been favored by international venture capital institutions.

　　　　The Reuse Standard of Waste Oils in Urban Kitchen Wastes, which was formulated by He Dongping, a scientific researcher, is also expected to be published in 2011. "For example, in order to strengthen the management of the circulation field in the future, it is required that bulk oil must also be marked." He Dongping said. According to the scientist who has been engaged in cooking oil all his life, it may take about 10 years for China to completely ban cooking oil.

　　　　

　

　　After the press conference, Chen Conghui, the leader of the 4th Expedition Team of Haidian District Court (Litigation Service Center), was interviewed by the reporter. Kang Dacheng

　　In recent years, loan chaos such as "beheading interest", "routine loan" and deliberately concealing the real interest rate have emerged one after another. How to identify the joint debt of husband and wife in credit consumer loan disputes? Should the handling fee deducted in advance by the lender be included in the principal amount? How can the people’s courts play the role of trial function and realize accurate and effective prevention and control of the source of financial risks? Recently, the Haidian District People’s Court of Beijing issued a typical case of financial disputes over credit consumer loans, which clarified these issues.

　　Joint debts of husband and wife require proof from creditors.

　　On August 18, 2017, Chen Mou (the borrower) signed a Maximum Creditor’s Rights Contract with a bank (the lender), stipulating that the bank intends to provide Chen Mou with a credit line with a maximum creditor’s rights of 300,000 yuan continuously during the five-year credit period, which will be used for personal consumption loans in Chen Mou, and the loan purpose is limited to the borrower himself and family consumption such as decoration, car purchase and marriage.

　　After the signing of the contract, from August to September, 2018, Chen Mou applied to the bank for a loan of 299,900 yuan, and after the approval of the bank, it paid the corresponding amount to the designated account in Chen Mou. After Chen Mou failed to repay the loan as agreed, as of July 22, 2021, the loan principal was still 299,900 yuan, and the corresponding interest, default interest and compound interest were still owed.

　　In the lawsuit, the bank claimed that the loan under the above-mentioned Maximum Creditor’s Rights Contract was used for husband and wife to live together, and the corresponding debt should be the joint debt of Chen Mou and Sun. In this regard, Sun did not recognize it. Sun argued that he and Chen Mou registered their marriage in November 2010 and agreed to divorce in February 2019. Although the above debts occurred during the existence of the husband-wife relationship, he did not sign the loan contract and did not know the corresponding loan situation; Chen Mou’s loans are used to repay his personal debts, but not for family life together. Therefore, the disputed debts are not joint debts of husband and wife. Upon verification, after receiving the above loan, Chen Mou successively transferred the money to himself or the fund management company outside the case, but did not transfer it to Sun’s name.

　　The court held that Chen Mou should bear the corresponding liability for breach of contract. However, the Maximum Creditor’s Rights Contract was signed by Chen Mou personally, and the disputed loan was also applied by Chen Mou personally, and was distributed to the designated account in Chen Mou. The corresponding creditor’s rights certificate was not signed and recognized by Sun, and Sun personally did not issue any written commitment to confirm that the corresponding debt belonged to the joint debt of husband and wife. In addition, although the Maximum Creditor’s Rights Contract states that the corresponding loan uses include household consumption, it cannot be determined that the litigation money is actually used for the daily life or joint production and operation of Chen Mou and Sun. Therefore, the evidence submitted by the bank is not enough to prove that the debt belongs to the joint debt of husband and wife.

　　In the end, the court ruled that Chen Mou repaid the principal of the bank loan and the corresponding interest, penalty interest and compound interest, and rejected the bank’s claim that Sun should bear the joint repayment responsibility.

　　The judge said that during the marriage relationship, the debts incurred by a husband and wife with a third party, such as a financial institution, in their own name, due to acts such as large loans, are not necessarily joint debts of husband and wife. Article 1064 of the Civil Code provides for this situation, that is, the debts incurred by the husband and wife who jointly sign or one of them ratifies their common intention afterwards, and the debts incurred by one of the husband and wife in his own name for the daily needs of the family during the marriage relationship belong to the joint debts of the husband and wife. The debts incurred by one of the husband and wife during the marriage relationship in their own name beyond the daily needs of the family are not joint debts of the husband and wife; However, the creditor can prove that the debt is used for husband and wife’s common life, joint production and operation, or based on the common will of both husband and wife.

　　The judge said that in judicial practice, if a financial institution can’t prove that the husband and wife have a joint debt or the corresponding debt is actually used for the husband and wife’s common life and joint production and operation, it should bear the adverse consequences as a creditor. The Civil Code makes financial institutions and other creditors bear the corresponding burden of proof, which forces financial institutions to fulfill their more prudent duty of care in the loan review stage, and requires borrowers’ spouses to jointly sign loan contracts and issue joint repayment commitments in accordance with the above provisions, so as to avoid damaging the legitimate rights and interests of the non-debt spouse.

　　Do not charge "beheading interest" in advance.

　　On March 29, 2018, Bai (the borrower) signed a Loan Contract with a microfinance company (the lender) and applied for a loan of 40,000 yuan from a microfinance company. The two parties agreed in the contract that if Bai can’t repay the loan on time due to special reasons, he can only delay the repayment after applying to the company and obtaining the consent, and at the same time, he must pay the company a daily handling fee of 0.0767% according to the time of application delay and the contract loan amount; If Bai applied for delayed repayment on or before the loan start date, Bai agreed that the company would directly deduct the fee from the loan amount when issuing the loan.

　　The first repayment date was originally scheduled for April 30, 2018, and was extended to May 6, 2018 after negotiation, with a total extension of 6 days. On the same day, Bai signed an iou for the above loan, agreeing that the company directly deducted the delayed repayment fee of 184 yuan. The next day, the company transferred 39,816 yuan to Bai’s designated account.

　　Later, due to Bai’s failure to repay the principal and interest according to the contract, the company sued Bai to the court, and made it clear that the loan principal amount was confirmed by the actual transfer amount of 39,816 yuan to Bai, and the corresponding interest was calculated based on the actual repayment situation.

　　After trial, the court held that Bai should bear the corresponding liability for breach of contract, but there was no legal basis for the company to deduct the deferred repayment fee from the principal in advance, so it should determine the loan principal amount and calculate the interest according to the actual transfer. In the end, the court ruled that Bai should bear the corresponding debt service responsibility according to the adjusted loan principal amount.

　　The judge said that when granting a loan to a borrower, the money that the lender first deducted from the principal was commonly known as "beheading interest". In judicial practice, in the process of developing credit consumer loans, individual financial institutions often deduct the interest charged in disguised form in the name of deferred repayment fees and service fees from the principal in advance-charge "beheading interest". This behavior actually reduces the amount of principal provided by the lender of funds, which makes the borrower’s borrowing purpose unable to be fully realized, which is unfair to the borrower, which not only harms the borrower’s interests, but also breaks through the legal interest rate red line in disguised form, so Article 600 of the Civil Code. If the interest is deducted from the principal in advance, the loan shall be returned according to the actual loan amount and the interest shall be calculated.

　　Judicature helps to resolve financial disputes in essence.

　　According to Chen Conghui, the leader of the Fourth Expedition Team of the Filing Court (Litigation Service Center) of Haidian District Court, in the past five years, Haidian District Court has accepted 23,945 financial disputes on credit consumer loans, accounting for 46.12% of all financial cases. This kind of disputes mainly presents three characteristics: a large number, rapid growth, and no obvious solution effect. First, the homogenization and batch characteristics are obvious, and most of them are disputes caused by one or several major consumer financial products of financial institutions; Second, the plaintiffs are concentrated in consumer finance companies, and the lawsuits filed by consumer finance companies are the largest, accounting for 82.74%; Third, the judgment rate is not proportional to the execution rate. The judgment rate of cases is as high as 63.07%, but the execution rate is only 7.25%. It is difficult for financial institutions to win the case.

　　In terms of financial institutions, there are three main reasons for the frequent occurrence of financial disputes over credit consumer loans: First, a small number of financial institutions have irregular pre-lending audits, which has led to the borrower’s debt default; Second, individual financial institutions do not take the initiative to collect money by themselves and rely too much on litigation means; Third, the negotiation schemes of some financial institutions are too rigid, and the dispute resolution is ineffective.

　　In view of the above characteristics, Haidian District Court connects with financial institutions, puts the source of litigation at the forefront, actively connects with financial institutions in its jurisdiction, improves internal risk prevention and control systems such as pre-lending audit and post-lending tracking, and reduces the risk of non-performing loans from the source; Actively cooperate with industry mediation organizations, give full play to the positive role of the working mechanism of "entrusted mediation+judicial confirmation", and promote the diversified and efficient resolution of financial disputes on credit consumer loans; Carefully cultivate demonstration judgments for key cases, popularize the application of small claims procedures, strive to achieve "one judgment, one solution", and effectively improve the efficiency of financial trials; Increase the application rate of small claims procedures, supervise the automatic performance of judgment documents, promote the substantive resolution of disputes from multiple angles, levels and ways, and ensure that a financial case solves a substantive dispute. Since 2023, the number of such disputes accepted by Haidian District Court has been significantly reduced, and the effect of substantive settlement has been significantly improved. Taking a bank as an example, in 2023, the automatic performance rate of effective judgment documents in the financial disputes of credit consumer loans filed by Haidian District Court was nearly 40%.

　　In addition, in view of the typical problems in the consumer finance industry reflected in typical cases, Haidian District Court issued a proposal to financial institutions on December 6, 2023 on optimizing credit management, maintaining financial security, and deepening the governance of litigation sources, advocating financial institutions to adhere to the purpose of finance for the people, make prudent and reasonable loans, do a good job in integrity and compliance management, compact management and collection responsibilities, strengthen diversified dispute resolution mechanisms, and take practical actions to shoulder the social responsibility of finance for the people.

　　Zhou Yuanyuan, deputy to the Beijing Municipal People’s Congress, said that the Haidian District Court effectively responded to the general concerns of the society by issuing typical cases of financial disputes over credit consumer loans, and really played the role of "small cases are powerful" in popularizing the law, realizing "promoting governance by cases", reducing the legal risks brought by information asymmetry, and providing effective normative guidance for financial institutions and financial consumers. She suggested that it is necessary to increase publicity, guide financial institutions to standardize their business, prevent financial risks from the source, and reduce financial disputes.

　　Wei Yifan, a representative of Haidian District People’s Congress, spoke highly of the effectiveness of the Haidian District Court in handling financial disputes. He said that the settlement of credit consumer loan disputes is related to people’s happiness and is of great significance to standardizing financial order and stabilizing the overall situation of society. Haidian District Court adheres to and develops the "Maple Bridge Experience" in the new era, does a good job in the source management and diversified solution of financial disputes, and protects the legitimate rights and interests of various financial market entities equally with efficient and high-quality judicial services.