[Chinese Characters and Folklore]

　　Author: Li Jing (Associate Professor, Center for Inheritance, Dissemination and Education of Chinese Character Civilization of the State Language Committee, Center for Inheritance and Innovation of Ancient Chinese Characters and Chinese Civilization of Henan Province)

　　The structure of Chinese character forms contains the wisdom and ingenuity of the Chinese nation, and the changes of Chinese character forms often have profound meanings beyond the sound and meaning of characters. For example, the folk custom of seeking happiness is often realized through the change of the shape of the word "blessing": Kangxi’s imperial pen is "the best blessing in the world", which implies the word "longevity" in writing, indicating "both happiness and longevity", and the "blessing" below is not sealed, which means "boundless prosperity"; The word "Fu" is posted on the gate, which means "Open the door to welcome the blessing", and the word "Fu" is posted upside down on the rice jar. When the rice is poured, the word "Fu" is deformed positively, symbolizing "When things go, they are blessed"; Hundreds of different forms of "fu" form a "hundred-blessing picture" in order to "bless arrival" … This phenomenon of using Chinese characters to express ideas by means of shape variation, orientation movement, stroke increase and decrease, sorting and combination is called the "super-symbolic function" of Chinese characters by scholars, that is, Chinese characters can play an expressive function beyond language without corresponding to the sound and meaning of symbols. This is an important feature that distinguishes Chinese characters from pinyin characters, and it is also a prominent embodiment of the uniqueness of Chinese character civilization and Chinese civilization.

　　1. Intuitive simulation of glyph ideographic.

　　After the transformation of Chinese characters, the original pictographic and pictographic features were weakened, but the unique attribute of "pictographic according to class" in the origin stage has long been deeply engraved in the national cultural psychology, which has influenced the Chinese people’s cognitive psychology and usage habits of Chinese characters. People often describe shapes and examples based on the similarity between glyphs and the shape of things, and activate the original pictographic function of Chinese characters. For example, the Book of Songs Bo Xi: "It rains and it rains, and the sun comes out." Among them, the "pestle" indicates brightness, and the glyph of "sun" on "wood" is used to describe the scene of hanging branches in Chu Qing after the rain, which is vivid. Another example is the Ming poem "Night to Xixi": "The cool moon rises and disappears, and the peaks are bumpy." The word "concave-convex" in the sentence is integrated with the semantic meaning, showing the staggered and uneven shape of Gu Feng and the "chaos" of the mountain peaks, as at present.

　　If the above-mentioned words such as "Gao", "concave" and "convex" are used to express meaning as well as semantics, then the transcendence of Chinese characters over language functions is more prominent in the use of purely glyph-related objective things. For example, the poem "Jiangnan" written by Han Yuefu: "Lotus can be picked in the south of the Yangtze River, and the lotus leaves are He Tiantian." The "field" here does not record "farmland", but only because the shape is similar to the lotus leaf with lines, it is described as "field" to describe the lotus leaf lush and connected. For another example, in the Song Dynasty, "The frog turns white and grows wide, and the earthworm dies purple", in which the word "Chu" imitates the shape of the frog falling to the sky after death, and the word "Zhi" resembles the shape of the earthworm after death. The meaning of "Chu" and "Zhi" is figurative, but none of them corresponds to the meaning of the language. For another example, there is a bamboo garden in Yangzhou named "Geyuan", named after "Ge", and its shape is like the appearance of bamboo leaves, which is interesting and clear.

　　The superlinguistic function of Chinese characters can also be expressed directly by "a certain glyph" by describing the form. For example, in Tang poetry, the word "cross the head" and in Song poetry, the image is particularly clever. Modern contexts include "one-character eyebrow", "eight-character step", "Chinese character face", "I-shaped building", "T-shaped road", "Tian Zige", "Chuanzi pattern" and "well-shaped brick", and so on, all of which are special uses of the whole character as a pictographic symbol to illustrate things.

　　2. Components are divided into many meanings.

　　As an integral part of Chinese characters, components can sometimes "express meaning by form" and push the information related to words from "implication" to "presentation". For example, "Shen (Shen) sacrifice" was a way of offering sacrifices to God in ancient times. In Zhou Li Da Zong Bo, there is a record of "offering sacrifices to mountains and rivers with raccoons", which means that sacrifices sink into the water to worship mountains and rivers. The word "Shen" only means "sinking things into the water (as a sacrifice)", and the object of sinking is unknown. However, the word "Shen" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions has different glyphs from cattle, sheep and jade, and its components mark different sacrifices. Similarly, there are words like "prison", "grazing" and "trap" written by Oracle Bone Inscriptions. The replacement components are cattle, sheep, deer, tapirs, etc. Different components have different related objects.

　　The components of Chinese characters (including non-functional components) can not independently express the language meaning, nor can they be used independently in the language chain. If there is a situation that components or parts express meaning independently and are used independently, it is beyond the function of general symbols. There are two main situations:

　　One is that the whole word does not express the meaning, and the component expresses the real meaning. For example, scholar Feng Youlan, Zeng Zeng friend Jin Yuelin Shoulian: "It’s not just rice, it’s tea." The word "rice" consists of eighty-eight, and the word "tea" consists of two tens on the upper part and eighty-eight on the lower part, which adds up to one hundred and eight. "Rice" does not refer to the word "rice", and "tea" has nothing to do with "tea", which means that the real meaning of the old man’s longevity is hidden in the words, which is quite elegant. According to legend, Ji Xiaolan wrote the inscription "Bamboo Bud" for the newly-built pavilion in He Shen’s house. He Shen thought that it was "like a bamboo bud, like a pine tree" in The Book of Songs, and he was very proud. But he didn’t know that his intention was to satirize his "all fools". "Bamboo bud" does not record the word "dense bamboo forest", but expresses the meaning with the split components, which embodies the excellent and rich expressive force of Chinese characters. There are similar usages in the modern network context, such as "Ji (ao) ? (tān), Bi (ao) ? (rén)", which means "as long as he has his heart, don’t have two hearts". "Luo" and "Yi" are originally dialect words, meaning "as long as" and "don’t". The semantics here are consistent with dialects, but they are read separately. "Mi" is the honorific title of the third person "He", which is interpreted as "His Heart" here; "Ba" is the same as "benevolence" in ancient times, and it is interpreted as "two hearts" here. The speaker’s real meaning lies on the component, even if he only knows the meaning of the word and doesn’t know its sound, he can read and use it.

　　The other is that the whole word expresses the real meaning, and the component does not express the meaning, but the whole word is disassembled into component words and directly compiled into sentences. For example, The Book of Jin: "Gu Yue’s Last Rebellion in Zhongzhou", in which "Gu Yue" is the argot of "Hu" and refers to the Hu people. In the Song Dynasty, "Sitting and watching eighteen gongs, pitching ashes", "eighteen gongs" is derived from "pine" and refers to pine trees. The component only represents the original word, and has no function of recording language. When a poem is dismantled and combined, it is full of purport and euphemism.

　　This kind of glyph disassembly is also often used to create crossword puzzles: either the author leaves, the reader closes, such as "words and deeds, never leaving", and "words, body and inch" combine to get the answer word "Xie"; Or the author’s combination, the reader’s solution, such as "pump", breaks down the mystery word "get to the bottom" Because he talked about it, this is not superfluous.

　　3. The body variation is quite ingenious

　　The transcendence of Chinese characters over language functions is also reflected in the change of the conventional forms of glyphs to convey special meanings. Chinese characters have strong plasticity, and many different forms can be transformed by scaling, increasing or decreasing components and strokes on the two-dimensional plane, which is particularly widely used in the network context. After the Chinese character component is split, it occupies a plurality of characters, which widens the width of the whole character horizontally visually, which not only symbolizes the widening of the body shape, such as "every festival’ half moon’ weighs three pounds"; It can also be a metaphor for the slowness in the time dimension, such as "experiencing the life of Chengdu". The increase or decrease of components can also show the super-linguistic charm of Chinese characters. For example, netizens spit out: "Shandong enters autumn in one second,’ Candong’ becomes’ Shandong’ overnight … and soon becomes’ Mountain Frozen’." Here, "Candong", "Shandong" and "Mountain Frozen" are physical variations based on the shape of "Shandong", where "Candong" increases "fire", "Shantou" increases "water" and "freezing" increases, which corresponds to the unpredictable weather in the objective world.

China Academy of Art

　　In art design, the variation of Chinese characters has unique aesthetic value and can also express special meanings. For example, the school logo of China Academy of Fine Arts is not only like the word "country" without left and right, but also like the abstract word "beauty", which means that the country is boundless. The logo design of Anyang Museum is also full of wisdom: the word "Anyang" is arranged vertically, the upper part of "An" is deformed into the shape of a mountain (short in the middle), which looks like the cornice of an ancient building, and the lower part of the word "female" is extended vertically in two strokes, imitating the shape of the museum wall to cover the traditional word "Yang", which means to collect rare treasures and accumulate the yang of the world. The words "Guo" and "An" convey rich humanistic information by non-verbal means of body variation, which is ingenious and profound. For another example, in the theme posters against corruption and promoting honesty, the forms of Chinese characters convey profound connotations through various changes: or "corruption" is inverted to express the meaning of "anti-corruption"; Or "greed" makes "Bei" a "prisoner", which means that greed is a prisoner; Or "honesty" and "corruption" are combined into one word, which contains dialectical philosophy. There is only a thin line between honesty and corruption. It is necessary to keep the bottom line and sound the alarm.

　　4. Changing words has another pursuit.

　　Chinese characters often use other characters in the process of use, which is related to folk culture and often implies profound meaning. For example, in the Liao Dynasty, the word book "Dragon Cave Hand Mirror" was changed to "mirror" because it avoided Zhao Kuangyin’s grandfather Zhao Jing’s taboo; In the late Ming Dynasty, in order to avoid the name of Zhu Changluo, the homonym "Taste" and "Luo" were used instead of "Chang" and "Luo". The substitution of Chinese characters reflects the cultural custom of "taboo for respect, taboo for relatives and taboo for sages" at that time.

　　In Chinese New Year greetings, people often change a word in an idiom into a word with the same sound or similar sound to that of the year’s zodiac, with the aim of getting a good impression, such as showing off the rabbit, prospering the dragon, making the sheep proud, making the chicken happy and making the pig happy. Sometimes, word-changing is for the pursuit of subtlety and elegance. For example, in letters, "Xian Di" is often written as "Lei Lee", which is even more elegant because "Xiao Ya Chang Di" is a poem that sings the love of brothers and sisters, replacing "Di" with "Di". There are also elegant considerations in changing the names of place names. For example, the names of Beijing hutongs were changed in batches to avoid vulgarity, the "sow" hutong was changed to "Meizhu" hutong, the "Yangwei" hutong was changed to "Yangwei" hutong, and the "Wang Widow" diagonal street was changed to "Wang Guangfu" diagonal street. In addition, Macau changed the ancient name "oyster mirror" to "Hao mirror", and Taiwan Province changed the place name "chicken coop" to "Keelung". Seeking elegance by changing customs reflects the cultural orientation of the times and the ideas of local people. However, place names are valuable intangible cultural heritage, bearing the ancient people’s concept of living together and cultural traditions. If it is not to avoid vulgarity and seek elegance, it is best not to change the words of place names at will.

　　Chinese characters have the function of super-language, and their glyphs vary. When they are replaced by words, they often mean something beyond words and have another mind. This implied cultural meaning needs our careful understanding.

　　Guangming Daily (April 21, 2024, 05 edition)

　　March 29th is the first day when the Civil Aviation Administration of China requested to implement the policy of "one airline, one country, one route" to cut international flights. This week (March 29th to April 4th), the number of international flights in China will be reduced to 108, with a decrease of 85.3%, only equivalent to 1.2% before the outbreak.

　　With the sharp reduction of return flights, return air tickets continue to climb without accident. In various WeChat groups, the prices of return air tickets in Europe and America are 100,000 in economy class and 200,000 in business class.

　　However, if you check the airline app or ota platform yourself, it is difficult to find any recent tickets, especially if you want to buy a direct flight ticket to return home in recent days.

　　On March 28th, China Eastern Airlines directly announced the news in its official Weibo. During the period from March 29th to May 2nd, China Eastern Airlines’ flights from new york, Toronto, Sydney, Auckland, Seoul and Manila to Shanghai Pudong were all sold out.

　　On the one hand, airlines say that the tickets have been sold out, but on the other hand, there are still people selling more than 100 thousand high-priced return tickets in the circle of friends in the next few days. Who is behind this?

　　Who is raising the price?

　　Like domestic air tickets, the pricing of international air tickets has strict rules.

　　According to the Notice on the Provisions on the Administration of International Air Freight Rates issued by the Civil Aviation Administration (hereinafter referred to as the Notice), in order to establish, adjust and modify international air freight rates, after the Chinese (or foreign) airlines and the foreign (or Chinese) airlines agree, it is necessary to declare the freight rates to be implemented to the Civil Aviation Administration.

　　Therefore, like domestic air tickets, international air tickets are limited by the amount of full-price economy class and full-price business class. However, when the supply and demand are not so tight at ordinary times, airlines will publish the price of discounted cabin on the basis of full-price tickets.

　　When the demand for air tickets on a certain route exceeds the supply, the fare will naturally rise, but it cannot be higher than the full-price ticket of this route. The notice of the Civil Aviation Administration requires that airlines should adjust the international air freight rate, and the Civil Aviation Administration will decide whether to approve it according to the relevant national policies, the international air freight rate at that time, the market situation and the changes in the currency exchange rate.

　　According to the reporter’s understanding, in recent days, with the surge in demand for returning to China on international routes, the three major airlines that are basically empty have indeed applied for raising the full-price tickets of relevant international routes one after another.

　　For example, on Air China’s flight from London Heathrow to Shanghai Pudong, the full price of economy class ticket was 16,710 yuan before March 20, and it was raised to 29,860 yuan after March 20, and the full price of business class ticket was also raised from 34,170 yuan to 41,690 yuan.

　　For the flight of China Eastern Airlines from London Heathrow to Shanghai Pudong, the full price of economy class ticket was 25,980 yuan before March 20th, and it was raised to 26,460 yuan after March 20th, and the full price of business class ticket was also raised from 35,420 yuan to 42,880 yuan.

　　However, at present, most passengers can’t buy tickets for returning from London through the above prices. In recent days, they can also buy direct flights from London. It is lucky that the economy class does not exceed 100,000, and the business class exceeds 160,000, which is comparable to the single seat freight rate for returning from business jets.

　　Many insiders revealed to reporters that from the full price of more than 20,000 economy class to the actual transaction price of 100,000 yuan, there have actually been many changes of hands behind the price increase, and even the price increase parties are not necessarily ticket agents with formal licenses, but scalpers with customer resources.

　　Some people purchase, some people distribute, and increase the price layer by layer. The return ticket is pushed higher and higher in this interest chain.

　　However, according to the notice requirements of the Civil Aviation Administration, it is absolutely illegal to continue to increase the fare on the basis of full-price tickets in economy class or business class: "Chinese and foreign airlines should ensure that their own companies (or their offices) and their sales agents implement the approved international air freight rates, and may not reduce or add additional fees in any name (except airport fees or taxes and insurance fees collected according to relevant regulations), and the collection fees shall be indicated in the corresponding columns of the tickets."

　　Who is occupying a seat?

　　In addition to the distributors who increase prices at different levels, there are also many ways for buyers who can get first-hand seat resources.

　　In normal times, air ticket agent is an important channel for airlines to sell air tickets. By purchasing the configuration from China Airlines, they can see the remaining space, fare and other information of an airline route in the background. By inputting the passenger’s ID card or passport information, they can book an air ticket and then issue the ticket within 24 hours.

　　What is said here is the operation of a regular air ticket agent. 24 hours is not a fixed time limit for issuing tickets, and each airline will have differences, and it is 24 hours in the peak season, and the time limit may be relaxed for a longer period in the off-season.

　　However, this time difference between booking and ticketing gives many unscrupulous agents (even scalpers who have rented the agent configuration) the opportunity to "exploit loopholes": select the flight with few seats left, book the ticket of this flight with any passport information, and then cancel the virtual reservation until a real customer comes to buy the ticket, and at the same time buy it with the passport information of the real customer, and then sell it at a higher price than the background fare of the airline company.

　　With the increasing scarcity of return air tickets in Europe and America, the operation of "virtual seat occupation" is becoming more and more "rampant". Even a large-scale airline ticket agency mobilized employees to collectively "occupy seats" and collected a large number of remaining seats on different European and American routes.

　　The airline company is not ignorant of such a "loophole" way. A few days ago, China Southern issued a penalty notice for illegal agents, saying that agents illegally occupied a large number of seats on flights, blocked the configuration of airmail for 93 agents who violated the rules recently or stopped selling China Southern’s authorization.

　　More airlines began to narrow the time difference between booking and ticketing, some required that tickets must be issued within three hours, and some even shortened the time difference to 20 minutes. However, this requirement gave birth to a new way of purchasing tickets.

　　Agents (or scalpers) began to collect customers’ specific needs for returning to China in advance, including departure place, destination, intended departure time, acceptable upper limit of air ticket price, etc., and required customers to pay a deposit ranging from 10,000 to 100,000 (if they can’t get a refund, they won’t get a refund if they buy it), saying that once there are tickets that meet the needs, they will not be notified to issue tickets immediately.

　　A number of airline ticket agents who have worked in the industry for many years revealed to reporters that with the airline company’s stricter control over "false occupancy", it is not easy to grab seats now, either by using the time when everyone slept after the early hours of the morning to brush in the background to see if anyone has refunded tickets, or by colluding with the relevant personnel of the airline company to leave the remaining seats to the designated sellers.

　　Who should be punished?

　　In the face of increasing illegal fare increase and seat occupation, airlines have also begun to increase their intervention.

　　A few days ago, China Eastern Airlines issued a notice, requiring agents to follow the price and conditions of use of company tickets, and it is strictly forbidden to increase sales, otherwise they will be punished for violating agency behavior. However, similar situations are still repeated.

　　Air China, on the other hand, made up its mind to suspend the release of all its international/regional flight information in all booking systems around the world and ota flagship stores in China, requiring passengers to purchase tickets through direct sales channels.

　　Subsequently, Xiamen Airlines also issued a similar notice, which cut off the sales source of unscrupulous agents from the source, but it also affected the normal sales of regular agents with long-term fixed customers.

　　"The full price increase of air tickets should be reported to the Civil Aviation Administration. If the sales price exceeds the upper limit, it will violate the civil aviation regulations. If it does not exceed the upper limit, it will also violate the sales policy of the airline company." Lin Zhijie, an insider in the civil aviation industry, pointed out to reporters that passengers who bought high-priced return tickets can complain to the relevant departments or airlines about the difference if they keep the ticket number and payment records. By comparing the ticket price corresponding to the ticket number with the actual payment price, they can know how much the ticket they bought was added and by whom.

Dear riders, today, Xiaofei, I want to talk to you about four pure electric vehicles with long battery life and see which one is most worthy of your favor.

1. Lan Tu bosom friend

Endurance: The endurance of 901 kilometers is enough to make you forget the "mileage anxiety".

Charging speed: Equipped with 5C super fast charging technology, it can travel 515 kilometers in 15 minutes, which is definitely the leading level in the field of electric vehicles.

Space performance: The trunk has a basic space of 527L, which can be expanded to 1328L at the maximum, which can be easily handled when moving and vacationing.

Battery life: It is claimed that the battery will decay less than 8% after 1 million kilometers, and there is no need to worry about the battery performance degradation after long-term use.

2. TomojiL6

Performance: the maximum power of the dual-motor version is 579 kW, and the acceleration of 100 kilometers reaches 2 seconds, and the performance is comparable to that of super-running.

Endurance: The top version has a battery life of over 1000 kilometers, thanks to its semi-solid battery technology.

Intelligent configuration: Linglong digital chassis, intelligent four-wheel steering system, ultra-long-range and high-precision laser radar, with extremely high intelligent level.

3. star era ES

Space performance: the size and wheelbase of the car body bring high space utilization and high ride comfort.

Power system: Based on the 800V platform, there are single and double motor versions, and the battery life can reach up to 905 kilometers.

Handling performance: air suspension and CDC electromagnetic damping system ensure the smoothness of driving.

4. Sailing Y6

Exterior design: avant-garde design, hidden door handle, frameless window, panoramic canopy, penetrating taillights, full of science and technology.

Space performance: the size is amazing, the interior space is spacious, and the ride experience is comparable to that of the living room.

Power system: four-wheel drive dual motors, with peak power of 520 kW and battery life of over 1,000 km.

A car owner of Zhiji L6 said that he was impressed by the acceleration performance of this car, and the intelligent configuration made his driving experience safer and more convenient.

Performance: Zhiji L6 is undoubtedly the strongest, but Lan Tu bosom friend and Yuan Hang Y6 can’t be underestimated.

Endurance: All four cars can provide more than 900 kilometers of endurance to meet the needs of long-distance travel.

Intelligent: Zhiji L6 and Yuanhang Y6 are superior in intelligent configuration.

Space: The space performance of Y6 is the best.

The endurance and charging speed of electric vehicles have always been the focus of consumers’ attention. Some people think that although the battery life of electric vehicles is getting longer and longer, the popularity of charging facilities is not enough. However, there are also views that with the progress of technology, this problem will be gradually solved.

With the continuous progress of battery technology and the improvement of charging facilities, long-distance travel of electric vehicles will become more and more convenient. In the future, electric vehicles will make more breakthroughs in intelligence and lightweight.

Generally speaking, these four cars have their own advantages, and whether you are pursuing performance, endurance or comfort, you can find the right choice among them. So, riders, which one do you like best? Are you ready to change trains? Come and talk about your thoughts in the comments section!

　　Internship, business trip, study tour and travel … … In the busy employment season, there are such a group of "laid-back" graduates who are not in a hurry to "work after graduation" or "work first and then choose a job". Instead, when faced with a variety of career choices, they temporarily put themselves in a state of uncertainty and slowly consider their life path. This emerging phenomenon in recent years is called "slow employment".

　　Unlike passive "unemployment", "slow employment" is often active. The survey shows that in recent years, the group of "slow employment" has gradually expanded. A big data report on the graduation destination of college graduates in 2016 shows that 4.8% of college graduates in 2016 chose "slow employment", and it is expected that this proportion will further increase in 2017.

　　Why do these graduates choose "slow employment"? What should we think about "slow employment"? Let’s listen to their stories together.

　　I would rather "get a job at the wrong peak" than "get into the wrong business"

　　On the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month, the streets of Beijing are full of flavor, and the number of pedestrians on the streets is much less than usual. As usual, Lin Zhiwei came to his company early and started his day’s work "steadily".

　　A year ago, when he graduated from college for more than half a year, he was still an "unemployed vagrant", working as an intern and investigating various possible entrepreneurial projects.

　　In June 2015, after Lin Zhiwei graduated from cfau majoring in finance, he did not take the postgraduate entrance examination, take the civil service examination, submit his resume or find a job. "I yearn for a free lifestyle. But I hadn’t decided which job was more suitable for me at that time, so I’d rather be with someone else ‘ Peak employment ’ I don’t want to go into the wrong line and make myself very painful. " Lin Zhiwei said, "I’m a native of Beijing, and my family conditions are OK, so I can have a ‘ Inspection period ’ , choose your favorite job. "

　　During the "inspection period", Lin Zhiwei gave himself the goal of recognizing himself and accumulating experience for free entrepreneurship in the future. This also means that everything should start from scratch and "cross the river by feeling the stones".

　　"The so-called ‘ Slow employment ’ Seemingly relaxed, in fact, the pressure is not less than that of working classmates. " Lin Zhiwei said that the biggest pressure comes from parents. Some of his classmates were admitted to prestigious graduate schools, some to national civil servants, and some to Fortune 500 companies. Compared with others, his behavior can be regarded as "the sword is on the side." Parents see in the eye, anxious in my heart, many times to persuade Lin Zhiwei to find a formal job, live in peace.

　　"My aim at that time was to find ways ‘ Drag ’ I have been mediating with my parents because I believe that I will have results soon. " Lin Zhiwei said. Today, watching Lin Zhiwei’s career improve, parents finally understand the significance of his exploration.

　　During the "inspection period" of more than half a year, Lin Zhiwei worked in for-profit organizations, educational institutions and coffee shops. "I tried some interesting jobs, inspected the market conditions, accumulated some experience, and understood what I was suitable for. This time has not been in vain. " Lin Zhiwei said, "Entrepreneurship requires capital, talents, technology and management. Many of my current contacts and business thinking were formed at that time."

　　In December 2015, after half a year’s investigation, Lin Zhiwei co-founded an educational technology company. In the following year, his company tried technology camp, drone professional training and online technology production program & HELIP; … "Although many projects have failed, our team has also gained experience. In any case, if you want to succeed in starting a business, you always need to keep trying and cross the threshold." Lin Zhiwei said.

　　At present, companies in Lin Zhiwei are trying in the field of maker education, focusing on designing their own unmanned aerial vehicles and robot teaching products. "People should have self-knowledge, know what they are good at and what capital they have, and rely on their own advantages to make money." Lin Zhiwei said, "It’s almost two years since I graduated. If I go back in time, I will do it again. I believe my exploration has not been in vain."

　　What’s the harm of slowing down before you start?

　　Compared with Lin Zhiwei’s "calm", Kym began to try "slow employment" in anxiety, and her "inspection period" for her career was earlier. Before entering the graduation season of her senior year, she decided to take a year off from school temporarily, so that she could not face the employment choice so urgently.

　　In April, 2015, when the students around us were preparing for the postgraduate entrance examination and employment, Kym, an English major of Chongqing University, who was about to enter the senior year, decided to "Gap year" and go to Disney World Theme Park in Orlando, USA for a one-year internship.

　　Kym’s "Gap year" refers to the gap year and gap year, which was originally a popular cultural concept abroad, aiming at encouraging students to experience different lifestyles before going to work. Nowadays, this activity has become a "new fashion" among college students in China.

　　"I was a little lazy when I was in college, and I didn’t have a clear employment plan. I was a little confused at the thought of finding a job soon." Kym said that he didn’t want to fall into the situation of "boiling frogs in warm water" again. The original intention of this internship abroad was to dig deep into his interests or what his future employment direction is.

　　In Disney, the living environment is different from that of the school. Kym no longer faces teachers and classmates every day, and "has to deal with the boss and colleagues all the time", which also makes her understand in advance that the company and the school are very different. "When you are a student, your personal achievements are not ideal and will not affect others. However, if you don’t do your job well in the company, it will affect your supervisor and your colleagues. You need to pay for your mistakes."

　　Looking back at this "Gap year", Kym feels that he has gained a lot. "I am a ‘ at home. Don’t touch the spring water with your fingers ’ My only daughter, no matter how tired she is after work every day abroad, has to take care of her life. More importantly, the internship experience has had an important impact on your career choice. " Kym said, "Many English majors choose education, but I find myself more interested in company operation. Maybe I am a ‘ Alternative ’ 。”

　　"After staying abroad for a year, I really fell behind my former classmates in employment." Kym said, for example, after coming back, many students have found jobs, and they are slower than others in all aspects. "But what does it matter? Everyone’s path is their own, not compared with others, as long as they are practical and valuable. ‘ Slow ’ What’s wrong with some? "

　　"Slow employment" does not mean "no employment", so we should choose "slow employment" rationally.

　　In recent years, there are more and more "slow employment" phenomena like Lin Zhiwei and Kym. Studies show that, unlike the employment concept of "after graduation" and "before choosing a job" of the post-80s generation, the phenomenon of "slow employment" is more obvious among the new generation of employment groups of the post-90s generation, especially the post-90s generation, and many graduates are not in a hurry to find jobs.

　　Why is the "slow employment" of college graduates gradually becoming a phenomenon? Some experts believe that, on the one hand, living conditions are better now, and many fresh graduates have no financial burden and are not in a hurry to find jobs; On the other hand, the news of starting a business is overwhelming nowadays. Some college students choose to start their own businesses, do e-commerce, or go out to travel or even be unemployed first, and slowly consider and plan their careers. With the development of the Internet, opening online stores, working in Wechat business and other employment methods can not only bring rich income, but also avoid working from nine to five. More diversified occupations give this group more space.

　　Some experts also believe that "slow employment" is not so much an active choice as an objective trend brought by the current employment situation of college students. In the face of increasingly fierce job competition, some college students "find jobs at the wrong peak" to allow themselves more time to accumulate strength, or to walk around and see more about the job market, which is understandable in itself and should be a right of multiple choices. Some graduates who take the initiative to "slow down employment" may be more mature than expected in terms of employment concept. For example, they will pay more attention to whether the major is right or not and whether the salary is reasonable. If they can’t find a suitable job at the moment, they would rather wait and see. After all, the cost of "entering the wrong line" may be great. Compared with the employment mentality of "all vegetables are found in the basket", this is actually a mature and rational performance.

　　Yan Tianhe, deputy director of the Employment Guidance Center of China Youth University for Politics, believes that the most important thing to look at the phenomenon of "slow employment" is to distinguish it from the phenomenon of "no employment".

　　“‘ Slow employment ’ Not ‘ No employment ’ Its starting point and foothold is the individualized development of graduates, and it is a kind of employment mentality that does not follow the crowd and blindly follows. At present, there are indeed two serious misunderstandings in the employment of college graduates. First, they blindly follow the trend, follow the crowd, take postgraduate entrance examinations, go abroad or take the civil service examination; Second, fear of employment, lack of basic development planning, and escape employment by all feasible means. ‘ Slow employment ’ It has avoided the first misunderstanding well, but it cannot fall into the second misunderstanding. " Yan Tianhe said.

　　"From the perspective of employment guidance in colleges and universities, I think we should strengthen individualized employment guidance and career planning education, and at the same time cultivate students’ self-cognition, self-planning and social cognition, so as to promote graduates to combine their interests and abilities with social needs more scientifically." Yan Tianhe said that it is only a matter of time before "quick employment" and "slow employment".

　　(Gong Yanbo and Song Liangyuan participated in the writing)

　　editorial comment/note

Strengthening supervision and fixed-point assistance in key areas of blue sky defense war is an important institutional arrangement made by the party group of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment to ensure winning the blue sky defense war. In May 2019, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment launched a new round of strengthening supervision and fixed-point assistance in key areas, covering 39 cities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and its surrounding areas and Fenwei Plain. The working group helps local governments to find problems, establish accounts, and urge rectification. It not only supervises according to laws and regulations, but also attaches importance to reasonable demands and strengthens assistance and guidance.

Recently, we launched a picture and a story "Strengthening Supervision and Fixed-point Assistance Album", taking you to see the daily work of the on-site working group and listening to the members of the working group.

01

I feel false when I say it, and I know that the problem needs to go down the well.

Location: an enterprise in Wuyi County, Hengshui City, Hebei Province　

"Where is your pollution control equipment?"

"The roof, it is not good to go up, and you have to go to the next observation well."

"Is the equipment working normally?"

"normal."

"Then let’s go up and have a look … …” After simple communication with the staff of the enterprise, Sun Jin, deputy head of the second round Hengshui Center Group, went straight to the VOCs treatment equipment of the enterprise by strengthening supervision and fixed-point assistance.

It was 12 noon, and many meteorological stations in Hebei Province had hung high-temperature orange warnings. However, adhering to the principle of seeking truth from facts and not letting go of any details, Sun Jin carefully climbed down the observation well on the roof to carefully check the pollution control equipment of the enterprise.

"Your equipment is running normally, but you can see for yourself that only one of the lamps is good, and the usual maintenance is not in place … …” Sun Jin used his long-term experience as the deputy stationmaster of Bozhou Monitoring Station, Anhui Province, keenly found the problems existing in the enterprise and provided suggestions for rectification measures.

After 15 days of strengthening supervision and fixed-point assistance work, Hengshui Central Group adhered to the work style of being rigorous, not afraid of fatigue, highly responsible and skeptical about problems, and must find out the truth, and completed this round of assistance work with good quality and quantity.

Contributor:Chen mianbiao

02

Measure the progress of ecological environment protection with footsteps

Location:Jingxing County, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province　

A pair of "weather-beaten" shoes recorded 2019— In 2020, the key areas of the Blue Sky Defence War will strengthen supervision and help Liu Yang, a member of the 9 groups in Shijiazhuang in the second round.

In order to confirm that there was selfless excavation in the mine, Liu Yang, from china environmental science Research Institute, regardless of his personal safety, climbed up the mining face to take photos for evidence collection. The slope of the excavation face is steep and loose, and it will slip if it is not careful. Liu Yang’s shoes were completely covered with mud, despite all his caution.

All the staff of 9 groups in Shijiazhuang are strict with themselves and re-implement, and all inspection points must be seen in a down-to-earth manner before they can rest assured. They braved the scorching sun and heat of nearly 40℃ and exchanged their sweat and efforts for the blue sky and white clouds overhead.

Contributor:Wu kaixiong

03

Go over the "mountain" and find out.

Location:Zhoujia Town, Huantai County, Zibo City, Shandong Province, China.　

In the scorching sun, several people struggled to climb to the top of the mountain. Soft mounds were washed out of gullies by rain. Looking up from the "foot of the mountain", it looks like "Kuafu" chasing the sun. The personnel sent by East China Supervision Bureau, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences and Zhejiang Province helped the Zibo Central Group in the second round, never letting go of any doubt about air pollution, and turned over the "earth mountain" to find out.

On May 28th, when passing through Zhoujia Town, Huantai County, a continuous "earth mountain" came into view in the distance.

Comrades explored the road in many ways and finally came to the foot of the "Earth Mountain". Everyone climbed to the top with one foot deep and one foot shallow, and immediately saw a large area of abandoned soil and exposed site. There were still many clear ruts in the yard, and a large amount of abandoned soil was obviously just piled up. It is conservatively estimated that the spoil ground covers an area of nearly 50 mu, with the highest point exceeding 10 meters. Because a large amount of abandoned soil is piled up naked, it is easy to produce dust pollution

Contributor:AARON Li, Nanjing Environmental Science Institute, Ministry of Ecology and Environment

04

"Suntanned" All-around Lee Team

Location:Rencheng district, Jining　

Team Li, take a hat and put on some sun protection. The temperature is too high and the sun is too strong these days.

It’s okay. I’ve never been tanned.

This is a group of conversations at the beginning of the work, and the Li team who claimed to be "not sunburned"(left in the middle picture)After a few days, my white face was tanned, and my neck and arms were "distinct". He is the deputy detachment leader of Tianjin Binhai New Area Environmental Administrative Law Enforcement Detachment, and Li Tao, deputy head of Jining Central Group in the second round of strengthening supervision and fixed-point assistance.

Understand the process, check the equipment, find the problem, professional enough. There are various types of enterprises and complex process equipment, but Team Li can count every kind of enterprise, every kind of equipment and every process on the spot, and can accurately diagnose the potential environmental problems and key nodes. The professional skills provide a strong guarantee for the smooth development and successful completion of the verification work. It can not only find problems, but also solve problems, and even give enterprises suggestions on optimizing environmental management. It is praised as an "expert" by enterprises, which has won unanimous praise from enterprises and really achieved supervision and assistance.

"This workshop smells too strong, so don’t come over." "I’ll just go by myself." Team Li, who came from a military background, practiced the purpose of supervision and assistance with the spirit of being particularly hard-working, fighting and dedication. Although people are tanned, their hearts are redder and the sky is bluer. This is the indispensable ecological environment iron army for "winning the blue sky defense war".

Contributor:Wang Yujuan, Foreign Cooperation and Exchange Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment

05

"New Battlefield" of "Old Environmental Protection"　

Location:A village in Gaoping County, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province

"As long as the thinking does not decline, the method is always more difficult." In 2019-2020, the key areas of the Blue Sky Defence War will be strengthened and the second round of Jincheng Group 2 will be assisted. Miao Xian, the leader of Jincheng Group 2, always hangs on this mantra.

Miao Xianqing is a 55-year-old grass-roots "old environmental protection" from Suzhou Branch of Jiuquan Ecological Environment Bureau, Gansu Province. Six years’ military career and many years’ experience in the environmental protection front have created his strong will and hard-working character. Facing the new "battlefield" after cross-provincial operations, his always full mental state is his magic weapon to overcome difficulties.

In the front line of work, he is good at summing up and discussing and communicating on the spot, and pays attention to teaching the "True Classics" to other team members in real time. Under the scorching sun, he occasionally feels dizzy and his cervical vertebra is uncomfortable when he is suffering from high blood pressure, but with a tenacity, he has been guiding and checking the key links such as on-site inquiry, viewing information, taking photos and APP entry, and reminding him of the precautions in time. When he met with aerial work to inspect the site, he also stepped forward and took the lead, proving that "old environmental protection" can do everything in the "new battlefield" with practical actions.

Inspired by such a "leader", all members of the team fought in the heat and traveled thousands of miles, forming a positive working force, paying sweat and hard work for the verification of Jincheng’s "coal to electricity" and making due contributions to the blue sky defense war!

Contributor: Wang Yingying