Language committees of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, language committees of relevant provinces and autonomous regions, language committees of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, relevant institutions of higher learning and relevant scientific research units:
Recently, the Ministry of Education and the State Language Commission issued the 13th Five-Year Development Plan for the National Language and Literature Undertaking (hereinafter referred to as the Career Plan). The plan is a programmatic document guiding the scientific development of the language and writing industry in the coming period. It proposes that by 2020, the national common language and writing industry will be basically popularized, the level of language and writing informatization will be comprehensively improved, the ability of language and writing industry to serve the needs of the country will be comprehensively improved, the development goal of adapting the national language ability to the comprehensive national strength will be realized, and the main tasks such as popularizing the national common language and writing industry, promoting the information construction of language and writing, improving the national language and writing service ability, promoting the dissemination of Chinese excellent language and culture, and improving the governance system of language and writing work will be achieved.
Scientific research is an important foundation to ensure the reform and development of language and writing. In order to promote the implementation of the career plan, promote the scientific, comprehensive and in-depth development of the scientific research work of the State Language Commission during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, and provide a strong guarantee for the scientific development of the national language and writing career in the future, the State Language Commission has studied and formulated the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan of the State Language Commission (hereinafter referred to as the scientific research plan) on the basis of extensive consultation. The scientific research plan is hereby printed and distributed to you, please conscientiously implement it according to the actual situation.
The goal of scientific research is to adhere to the problem-driven and demand-oriented, and to serve and support the reform and development of the cause. Local language and writing departments should fully understand the important role of scientific research in ensuring the development of the cause, incorporate scientific research into the overall development of the cause, thoroughly analyze the situation, problems and needs faced by the development of the cause in the region, and formulate the scientific research plan in the region in a targeted manner in combination with the implementation of the career plan and scientific research plan, so as to continuously enhance the service guarantee ability of scientific research work. Relevant institutions of higher learning and scientific research units should seriously meet the development needs of language and writing undertakings, and carry out basic, applied and decision-making consulting research closely around the objectives and tasks proposed by career planning and scientific research planning, as well as the hot and difficult issues highlighted in language life, so as to provide strong support and guarantee for the development of language and writing undertakings.
State Language Commission
September 5, 2016
The 13th Five-Year Scientific Research Plan of the State Language Commission
Catalogue
I. Development needs
Second, the guiding ideology and development goals
Third, the key research direction
(A) the basic theory of language and writing research
(B) Language decision-making consulting research
(3) Research on language information technology and emerging fields
(D) Research on the construction of language and writing standards
(5) Research on the national conditions of language and the protection of language resources.
(VI) International communication and comparative study of language and writing.
IV. Reform and Guarantee
(A) to enhance the status of disciplines and promote theoretical innovation.
(B) the construction of language think tanks, optimize the scientific research team
(C) innovative transformation mechanism to promote the application of results
(4) Deepen exchanges and cooperation and enhance international influence.
(5) Improve the management system and enhance the support capacity.
In order to do a good job in the scientific research work of the State Language Commission during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period and to serve and guarantee the reform and development of the national language and writing undertakings, this plan is formulated according to the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Reform and Development Plan for the Language and Writing Undertakings (2012-2020) and the Thirteenth Five-Year Development Plan for the National Language and Writing Undertakings.
I. Development needs
Scientific research is an important foundation to ensure the reform and development of national language and writing. Since the beginning of the new century, the State Language Committee has made great progress in promoting the scientific research of language and writing in the aspects of project establishment, discipline development, institution building and personnel training. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the State Language Committee further focused on the urgent needs of national strategy, career development and social application, set up 440 scientific research topics, promulgated more than 10 norms and standards, built a series of basic resource banks to support the informatization construction of language and writing, and started major language and cultural projects such as the dissemination of Chinese ideological and cultural terms and the protection of language resources in China, which promoted new progress in language and writing research. The research on national language strategy and social language life has achieved fruitful results and had an important impact. The discipline development has shown a good trend, the scientific research management and guarantee system has been improved day by day, the scientific research institutions and talent teams have been growing, and international exchanges and academic cooperation have continued to deepen. Scientific research has become the cornerstone to ensure the reform, innovation and scientific development of language and writing, and has made positive contributions to popularizing the national common language and writing, scientifically protecting the languages of all ethnic groups, improving the national and national language ability, inheriting Chinese language and culture, and building a harmonious language life.
The "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial stage and critical period for building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the goal of "two hundred years". Economic development has entered a new normal, scientific and technological progress has shown a new trend, and society has put forward new requirements for the development of national language and writing undertakings. Language and writing research is facing major development opportunities and severe challenges. Strong language helps a powerful country and promotes the language to play a better role in national politics, economy, diplomacy, military affairs, security and other fields. It is urgent to strengthen the basic theoretical research of language and characters. Changing the development concept, promoting the progress of modern science and technology with information technology as the core, and promoting the deep integration of the Internet and traditional industries urgently require strengthening the research on the frontier technology of language and character informatization. Culture casts soul of china and gives full play to the basic function of language in cultivating socialist core values, which urgently requires strengthening the research on language in the field of education. Expanding opening to the outside world, promoting the construction of the "Belt and Road" and expanding national interests urgently require strengthening international communication, exchanges and cooperation in language and writing. Deepening the reform in an all-round way, properly handling the major language problems in the social transformation period, and striving to meet the growing language demand urgently require an in-depth understanding of China’s language situation, scientific protection of national language resources, speeding up the improvement of the standard system of language and characters, and strengthening the consulting research on language and characters decision-making.
At present, the research on language and language application has not fully met the requirements of the development of language and writing, economic and social development and scientific and technological progress in China. Innovative thinking and innovative ability need to be enhanced, interdisciplinary and new field research needs to be further deepened, the modernization of research methods and means needs to be further improved, the "Industry-University-Research application" has not been well combined, the research results have not produced due benefits in time, the discipline and talent team construction needs to be further strengthened, and the efficiency of fund use needs to be further improved.
Facing the new situation, new demands and new tasks, the scientific research work of the State Language Committee should establish a sense of opportunity and overall situation, earnestly enhance the sense of responsibility and mission, actively adapt to the development trend of increasingly fierce scientific and technological competition, deepening interdisciplinary and technological integration, and accelerating the flow of innovative elements and resources, vigorously promote the simultaneous development of basic language research and language application research, continue to adhere to the organic combination of internationalism and nationality, globalization and localization, continuously expand research fields, and further enhance the service to the development of national language, economic and social development and scientific and technological progress.
Second, the guiding ideology and development goals
(A) the guiding ideology
Hold high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, fully implement the spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress and the Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee, thoroughly implement the spirit of the series of important speeches by the Supreme Leader General Secretary under the guidance of Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, and firmly establish the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing. We will fully implement the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Reform and Development Plan for Language and Literature (2012-2020) and the Thirteenth Five-Year Development Plan for Language and Literature, aim at serving the implementation of major national strategies and the development of the national language and literature, adhere to problem-driven and demand-oriented, consolidate basic research, strengthen applied research, promote decision-making consultation and research, effectively enhance innovation ability, service level and international influence, and provide a strong force for realizing the goal of language power.
(2) Development goals
By 2020, a relatively complete language and writing research system will be basically established, a number of landmark achievements will be launched, a number of new think tanks will be built, a number of high-end talents will be trained, the academic and social influence of scientific research of the State Language Committee will be comprehensively enhanced, and the supporting role of scientific research in the reform and development of the national language and writing cause will be fully exerted.
-The quality of scientific research has been further improved, and the service capacity has been significantly enhanced. With the deepening of basic theoretical research, breakthroughs have been made in language information technology and emerging fields, and the research on decision-making consultation is effective. The discipline system has been further improved, the research fields have been continuously expanded, the research methods have been continuously improved, and the innovation ability, scientific research quality and academic level have been effectively improved. The transformation of results is more timely and effective.
-Team building was further improved, and a think tank system was initially formed. The talent pattern of gradient connection has basically taken shape, the training mechanism of young and middle-aged scholars and high-end scientific research talents has been improved, and the research team of language and writing has been growing. Scientific research institutions have reasonable layout and complete functions, and breakthroughs have been made in the reform of think tank management incentive mechanism, and the functions of consulting politics, enlightening people and educating people have been fully exerted.
-The construction of resources was further optimized, and the sharing mechanism was gradually implemented. The categories and levels of language basic resources construction basically meet the needs, the construction of resource platforms is carried out in an orderly manner, resource sharing is effectively promoted, and the service capacity of language resources is significantly enhanced.
-Open exchanges were further promoted and international influence was effectively enhanced. Actively integrate the academic exchange of language and writing into the mechanism of cultural exchange between China and foreign countries. We will further deepen academic exchanges and cooperation between the mainland and Taiwan Province, between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao, and between international academic exchanges and cooperation, and further enhance the right to speak in the field of international language and culture.
Third, the key research direction
(A) the basic theory of language and writing research
Improve the basic theoretical research level of China’s spoken and written languages, and further accurately understand and scientifically grasp the characteristics and laws of Chinese characters and the spoken and written languages of ethnic minorities. Carry out the research on the origin of Chinese characters, deeply explore the historical development and evolution law of Chinese characters, and provide theoretical support for the contemporary use, standardization and popularization of Chinese characters. Strengthen the comparative research and language contact research between different languages at home and abroad, and further scientifically understand the characteristics of language types, evolution paths and their role in the formation and development of national culture. Strengthen the theoretical research on language planning, language policy and language strategy, and further promote the exchange and integration of language ontology research and applied research. Support theoretical exploration in language competition, language ecology, language resources, language communication, language ability, language education, language acquisition, language norms, language variation, etc., and encourage theoretical innovation.
Major research topic 1: tracing the source of Chinese characters and modern application research
Comprehensively sort out the development and evolution of Chinese characters. Strengthen the research on the chronology and etymology of Chinese characters, build an information resource database of the shape, sound and meaning attributes of Chinese characters in past dynasties, and systematically describe the diachronic development pedigree of Chinese characters. Deepen the study of Chinese etymology and the history of vocabulary and grammar. Strengthen the research on the relationship between language history, written history and cultural origin. Facing the needs of society, the modern application research of Chinese characters is carried out.
(B) Language decision-making consulting research
Strengthen the monitoring and research on language use and language public opinion, and explore the establishment of early warning and emergency mechanism to deal with language problems. Strengthen the research on the countermeasures and strategies of major realistic language problems such as the construction of urban and rural language environment, language planning in the process of urbanization, the governance of social language life, the handling of multilingual social language relations and the resolution of language contradictions, so as to serve the scientific decision-making of national languages. Strengthen the research on language and writing in the field of education, so as to promote the reform of Chinese curriculum and evaluation system, give full play to the humanistic function of language and writing, and improve the national language ability and national language ability. Strengthen the research on the relationship between language identity and national identity, national identity and cultural identity, and carry out research on the global coordination mechanism of Chinese life to promote national identity and Chinese cultural identity. Strengthen the study of language life and language policy in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Strengthen the study of language development strategy, and explore the key issues and major measures of national language strategy to deal with globalization and information development. Strengthen the research on language services, focus on the language needs of the "Belt and Road Initiative", "internet plus Action", new urbanization, the construction of the Pilot Free Trade Zone, and the overall strategy of regional development, explore the forms and means of language services, institutional mechanisms, talent pool, capacity improvement and other issues, and carry out research on language service planning.
Major research topic 2: Research on countermeasures of social language problems
Strengthen the study of national countermeasures to important social language problems. Focus on the language conflict brought about by the rapid development of society, the coordination of languages between different regions, the ability and form of language services, and the relationship between language identity and national identity, national identity and cultural identity.
(3) Research on language information technology and emerging fields
Strengthen the research on the basic theory of language and character information processing focusing on semantic research, carry out the research on language and character problems in the research and development of key technologies such as big data analysis, machine deep learning, multilingual machine translation, language intelligence-assisted learning and evaluation, support the research and development of Chinese information processing technology under the environment of cloud computing, big data and mobile Internet, and promote new progress in key technologies of language and character informatization. Strengthen the research on the transformation and application of language information technology, build the national language resources dynamic circulation corpus, universal Chinese holographic database and other basic resource libraries, and provide academic and technical support for the global Mandarin learning network platform and the construction of language and writing application consulting service platform. Focus on the emerging fields of language application, carry out research on language economy, language industry, language service, language rehabilitation, language and cognition, language and law, language and security, and promote interdisciplinary and technical integration.
Major research topic 3: research on language information technology and application
Support the research and application of key technologies of multilingual machine translation, and promote the application of new information technologies such as big data, cloud computing and mobile Internet to language analysis, language knowledge acquisition and semantic resource construction. Promote the research and application of intelligent assisted language learning system and key technologies of speech recognition, and carry out intelligent theoretical and technical research on language understanding, language generation and language evaluation. Strengthen the evaluation and research of language information processing technology.
(D) Research on the construction of language and writing standards
Strengthen the research on the theoretical basis in the development of language and writing standards, and further improve the quality of standard development. Strengthen the research on the basic standards of the national common language and characters, as well as the application standards in the fields of school education, information processing, radio, film and television, press and publication, dictionary compilation and public service, and further improve the standard system of the national common language and characters. Strengthen the research on the norms and standards of minority languages, and provide support for speeding up the formulation of basic standards of traditional common minority languages and promoting the standardization of terminology. Strengthen the research on the norms and standards of universal sign language and universal braille, as well as the standards of foreign language use, so as to lay the foundation for optimizing social language services. Carry out comparative research on the language and writing standards between the mainland and Taiwan Province, the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao, participate in and lead the development of international standards for the language and writing in China, and promote the internationalization of the construction of language and writing standards. Strengthen the research on the national standard of common language application ability, evaluation and certification standards, professional language ability standards and industry language service standards, and serve the construction of citizens’ language ability. Strengthen the popularization and research of language and writing standards, and promote the social application of language and writing standards. Strengthen the research on the standard system of language and writing, and gradually establish a standard system of language and writing with comprehensive content, complete types and distinct levels under the conditions of informationization.
Major research topic 4: research on the standard of language application ability
In-depth understanding of the current situation of national language ability and accurate evaluation of national language ability needs. Establish the evaluation criteria of the national common language application ability, as well as the evaluation criteria of the language application ability of different industries and different groups of people. Strategies and measures to formulate industry language service standards and improve the language service capabilities of different industries. To carry out research on the relationship between multilingual ability and social and individual development, and the requirements of different occupations or jobs for multilingual ability.
(5) Research on the national conditions of language and the protection of language resources.
Conduct a survey of the national conditions of languages, promote the inclusion of the use of languages in the national population census and other related surveys, and understand the basic situation of the geographical distribution and population of languages and dialects in China. Investigate the use of spoken and written languages in key areas, key industries, cross-border ethnic groups, ethnic groups with a small population, urban floating population and virtual spaces, and provide data support for national scientific decision-making on spoken and written languages. Strengthen theoretical, policy and technical research on language resources and promote the protection, development and utilization of national language resources. Support the construction of large-scale corpus, language knowledge base and language literature database of modern Mandarin and dialects. Implement the "China Language Resources Protection Project", collect and record the real corpus of Chinese dialects, minority languages and oral culture, and build a large-scale and sustainable multi-modal language resource database.
Major research topic 5: investigation on the use of language and characters
Investigate the use of the national common spoken and written language and the implementation of the national spoken and written language policy, investigate the language living conditions in remote ethnic minority areas, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan areas, areas where domestic immigrants and foreigners of foreign origin are concentrated, and Chinese dialect areas, investigate the language usage and special language phenomena of various new media and digital products, and policies and measures for the protection of language resources.
(VI) International communication and comparative study of language and writing.
Strengthen the international communication of China’s language and culture, as well as the study of China’s discourse power and discourse system, so as to provide academic support for enhancing the international status of China’s language and culture. Strengthen the research of Chinese international education and carry out the investigation of overseas Chinese usage, so as to lay a theoretical foundation for promoting differentiated Chinese teaching for people from different countries or regions and different mother tongue backgrounds. Strengthen the research on the translation, introduction and dissemination of Chinese ideological and cultural core terms, and further implement the "Communication Project of Chinese Ideological and Cultural Terms". Strengthen the comparative study of language situation, language life, language policy and planning, language education and other countries, support the research and development of international language learning products, language technology products and language and cultural products, and serve the cultural exchange mechanism between China and foreign countries and the overall diplomatic needs.
Major research topic 6: Research on the "Belt and Road" language service
Formulate and implement the Action Plan for Promoting the Construction of Language Services in the Belt and Road, and study the demand for language ability, language talents and language products in the construction of the Belt and Road. Study the language policies of countries along the Belt and Road, the current situation of language use and its relationship with ethnic groups, population and culture. Strengthen the comparative study of national language policies. Develop new interdisciplinary subjects such as language industry and language economy, and strengthen the training of language talents and the supply of language products. A study on the strategies and methods to promote the international spread of Chinese and the exchange and mutual learning between Chinese and foreign languages and cultures.
IV. Reform and Guarantee
(A) to enhance the status of disciplines and promote theoretical innovation.
Enhance the status of the discipline. Coordinate relevant departments to pay more attention to the construction of linguistics discipline and enhance its status. Further promote the construction of language application disciplines such as language planning, language policy and language strategy, and increase support. Encourage and support institutions of higher learning to independently set up two disciplines in light of their own reality, and form a relatively complete system of spoken and written languages and their application disciplines. Support the construction of professional journals in related disciplines, build academic exchange platforms through multiple channels, and promote the sustainable development of disciplines.
Promote theoretical innovation. Promote the cross-integration of linguistics with sociology, anthropology, ethnology, information science, brain science, psychology and other disciplines, explore language problems at home and abroad from multiple perspectives and dimensions, and promote the comprehensive progress of language research values, theoretical frameworks and research methods in China. Promote and support the modernization of research methods and means. Encourage interdisciplinary, cross-disciplinary and cross-regional collaborative research.
(B) the construction of language think tanks, optimize the scientific research team
Building a new think tank of China’s characteristic languages. We will fully implement the National Language Think Tank Construction Plan, strive to build a national language think tank system with clear positioning, distinctive features, sound mechanism and excellent efficiency, and promote the construction of basic resources, the reform of incentive mechanism and the development and application of achievements that are compatible with the construction of language think tanks. We will implement the Measures for the Administration of Scientific Research Centers of the State Language Commission and the Measures for the Administration of Scientific Research Bases of the State Language Commission, give full play to the role of relevant universities, research institutes and relevant enterprises and institutions, and further strengthen the construction of scientific research institutions of the State Language Commission focusing on co-building centers and scientific research bases. We will increase support for the construction of scientific research institutions of the State Language Committee, promote the connotation construction of various institutions in light of their own realities, carry out decision-making consultation and research oriented to the practical needs of language and writing policies, actively transform into think tanks, and better serve and guarantee the reform and development of the national language and writing cause.
Strengthen the construction of scientific research teams. Further enrich and improve the expert database of scientific research work of the State Language Committee, build the core expert database of the national language think tank, and focus on building a team of experts in policy research and decision-making; Continue to carry out training and research for young and middle-aged scholars, increase training efforts, innovate training methods, enhance training effects, and form a relatively stable talent training mechanism; Promote the "going out" plan and select a group of outstanding experts and scholars to go to relevant foreign research institutions, especially relevant think tanks, for further study.
(C) innovative transformation mechanism to promote the application of results
Innovate the transformation mechanism of scientific research achievements. We will improve the policies and measures for the transformation of scientific research achievements in spoken and written languages, implement a number of major projects to guide the transformation of scientific research achievements, and gradually establish a market-oriented, government service, enterprise-oriented and Industry-University-Research-based transformation and promotion system for scientific research achievements. We will build a service network platform for the transformation of scientific research achievements in language and writing, evaluate and identify scientific research achievements, and provide information services for resource and demand sides.
Promote the popularization and application of scientific research achievements. Fully tap the social benefits of scientific research achievements in language and writing, promote scientific research achievements to serve major national strategic decisions, language education and teaching, social language and writing applications, and help the scientific development of national language and writing undertakings. Promote the industrialization of scientific research achievements, and give play to the dual promotion effect of scientific research and economy in the field of language application. Support the scientific popularization of language knowledge.
Promote the sharing of results. Explore the establishment of a "orderly development, multi-input and social sharing" language resource construction and overall coordination mechanism, build a national language resource service platform, and promote the open sharing of language resources.
(4) Deepen exchanges and cooperation and enhance international influence.
Deepen academic exchanges and cooperation in language and writing between the mainland and Taiwan Province, and between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao. We will improve the cooperation and coordination mechanism of cross-strait language exchange and promote cross-strait academic exchange of language and culture. We will continue to compile and promote the use of cross-strait Chinese language reference books and scientific terminology reference books, improve the construction of cross-strait Chinese language knowledge base websites, and continue to promote the cooperative research and development of simplified and complicated Chinese text conversion technologies.
Strengthen international academic exchanges and cooperation in language and writing. Actively cooperate with the cultural exchange mechanism between China and foreign countries, continue to hold or host high-level forums on language and writing in turn with relevant countries, and build an international platform for the State Language Committee to connect China and foreign countries and transmit China’s voice. According to the national strategic needs, we will judge the development trend of international language life and language policy theory, scientifically design the theme of the forum according to the language situation and characteristics of different countries and regions, and gradually enhance the academic influence. Implement the "exchange program of international high-end experts in language and writing in China". Promote the mutual translation and exchange of academic achievements in Chinese and foreign languages, organize the translation of a number of important theoretical works on foreign languages, and at the same time introduce works that show the achievements of Chinese languages and related research results to the outside world.
(5) Improve the management system and enhance the support capacity.
Improve the scientific research management system. Timely improve the Measures for the Administration of Scientific Research Projects of the State Language Committee (revised in 2015), further improve the management processes of project declaration, project evaluation, mid-term inspection and final appraisal, and further strengthen the management of fund use. Strengthen supervision and inspection, explore the implementation of excellent project selection and commendation system and overdue project blacklist system, strive to improve the research quality of scientific research projects, and further expand the academic influence of scientific research planning projects of the State Language Committee.
Improve the level of funding support. Increase investment, revise the funding standards for major projects, key projects and general projects, and gradually improve the funding guarantee level of scientific research projects. Innovative funding methods, the pilot launch of the "late funding plan for scientific research achievements of the State Language Committee".
Promote local scientific research. Taking the establishment of scientific research projects and the construction of research institutions as the starting point, we will further increase support for the scientific research work of local language committees. Promote and guide local governments to formulate regional scientific research plans, issue project guides and carry out project research. Enhance the ability of scientific research institutions of the State Language Committee to serve local language and writing work.
