The brand positioning is scene intelligent electric vehicle. Before the car was experienced, this positioning was relatively conceptual. However, after the test drive of this iCAR 03, I really realized the technical cohesion of this "science man" for the ultimate scene, which is not limited to the elevation of the black technology software of the car, but also can put the high-level off-road ability that A-class pure electric city SUVs dare not play into iCAR03. I really didn’t expect that the seemingly "harmless" iCAR03 is not just as simple as a household electric car, but also has great achievements in the all-terrain field, such as easily climbing the 38-degree high slope, easily climbing the stairs, easily passing through the cross shaft, easily passing through the water pool mixed with ice fragments, etc., making cross-country very easy, which completely subverts people’s cognition of iCAR brand and always thinks that it is just a scooter.

　　After the off-road venue, I really feel that the brand’s promotion to iCAR03 is too conservative, and it is not as simple as "electric tidal box SUV".

　　Simple appearance but not simple

　　Last year was the year when China brand launched more square box-type off-road vehicles. Although iCAR 03 is also a square box shape, it is difficult for you to directly associate it with off-road vehicles and hardliners. However, if you look closely, there will be a ""content in the profile of the side body. However, in addition, the appearance of iCAR 03 is more original lines.

　　ICAR 03′ s external dimensions are 4406mm long, 1910mm wide, 1715mm high, and the wheelbase reaches 2715 mm. The overall shape is very square, and the tough body contour is outlined by using very geometric lines, which is friendly to the interior space.

　　The shapes of the light groups at the front and rear of the car are consistent, and they all use the shape of the "I" digital intelligent light group. The shapes of the front and rear light groups echo each other, and also echo the iCAR logo. The front lights have six kinds of intelligent lights, and the overall shape is relatively simple, but it has a high recognition rate. However, this kind of thing is definitely different for individuals.

　　The shape of the square box is simple, but the details are not simple. In addition to the small intention of the light group, iCAR03 uses an electric hidden door handle, which has an ice-breaking power of 120N in the snowy winter.

　　The appearance details are also reflected in the four-wheel eyebrow lights, all of which are embedded with "I-mark lights". This design is rare in other models. It can be said that the iCAR brand is very careful in increasing vehicle recognition.

　　In addition, there are two details: the design of iCAR at no cost. One is that the rear tailgate is opened at a 90-degree right angle only by hard-core off-road vehicles, in order to take things more conveniently. On this side tailgate, there is also an electric suction door, which can be automatically sucked with a slight clearance, so as to achieve the same configuration as the mainstream off-road vehicle, which not only saves worry and effort, but also from this aspect, the positioning of this model has slowly leapfrogged.

　　In addition to the tail door full of off-road flavor, a real small schoolbag was designed at the tail. In the past, off-road vehicles were called "small schoolbags" when they took a spare tire, but iCAR03 really installed a small schoolbag with Chaochuang personality, which can realize the wet and dry separation of take-away items. Press the point I in iCAR to open it, which is really intimate.

　　In terms of details, not only these, iCAR0 3 also has 50KG load-bearing luggage rack, 220V3.3kw external discharge, 1.6T traction qualification and 12V power supply in trunk. ICAR 03 adds a series of hardware for off-road, home and tide play, so that users can travel/drive with ease.

　　Interior Configuration of Intelligent Equal Rights

　　We see that the simple but not simple appearance is amazing, and the interior, configuration and intelligence are even more simple. The interior style of iCAR 03 has two colors: dark and light. It is expected that most users will choose the light interior because it is elegant, and the patchwork and rough outline make the interior style unique in the compact pure electric SUV.

　　The center console is equipped with two screens, a clear digital instrument screen and a 15.6-inch ultra-wide field of view central control large screen. The two screens have a clear division of labor, and for an A-class pure electric SUV, it can fully meet the demand.

　　ICAR 03 comes standard with Tencent Ecology, which meets the requirements of multi-instruction parallelism such as driving directions and entertainment. It has four-tone language control recognition, which can accurately identify the instructions issued by passengers from different locations, and the control is more intelligent and accurate. As well as full-scene voice control, greatly liberating multi-command control with both hands.

　　It can also expand mainstream APP applications, and its menu catalogue and function card design are easy to understand, and the pull-down shortcut function and air conditioning control are very intuitive.

　　It is worth mentioning that the intelligent cockpit of the four-wheel drive model adopts the 8155 chip, which can support the smooth playback of 8 channels of 4K video, and the 360 image and voice interaction function is supported by the 8155 chip to achieve the first-class in the same class. ICAR 03 also supports more than 20 intelligent modes such as pet mode, nap mode, karaoke mode and child lock mode.

　　In terms of audio and video configuration, this model is also the "top" configuration in the same level. The Infinity Swallow Lishi audio system equipped with 12 high-performance speakers above the four-wheel drive long-life advanced version has been professionally tuned by Harman Kardon.

　　In terms of technology configuration, it can be said that everything this handlebar can give is in place. For a model of 120,000-180,000 yuan, its configuration is rich and reasonable. In this respect, I have to admire Chery’s pursuit of cost control and technology.

　　Efficient power and reasonable configuration.

　　The power part of iCAR 03 is relatively mainstream, but in the mainstream, there is unexpected potential to be stimulated. The model of this test drive is a four-wheel drive version, equipped with dual-motor power, with a peak power of 205Kw, a wheel torque of 4100N·m, and an acceleration of 6.5s per 100 kilometers. The electric drive is a six-in-one flat-wire motor with the highest efficiency of 96.96%, which has the characteristics of high energy, high efficiency and low consumption.

　　As for the power battery, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited’s customized battery core is adopted, which has the characteristics of high energy density. In terms of battery cell energy density, the two-drive version is 401: 180.9 Wh/kg; Two-wheel drive 501 version is 182.19Wh/kg；; The version of the four-wheel drive 501 is 182.19Wh/kg, and the energy density of the 501 battery life package reaches 139wh/kg.

　　For battery protection, iCAR 03 adopts a "sandwich" structure with a 10mm battery protection armor body. The upper and lower versions of the battery pack are made of aviation grade material, the upper case is covered with 1000°C ultra-high temperature resistant mica material, and the lower case is made of aluminum alloy plate, which can achieve a pressure of 20kPa.

　　ICAR 03 has inherited Chery’s profound technical innovation ability in the aspect of three power plants, and has a long-term vision from capability to safety to sustainable use. For example, in terms of body structure and chassis, in order to enhance strength and reduce unsprung weight, iCAR has created a hybrid super-strong chassis, using a 3,500-ton integrated die-casting tower top structure and an all-aluminum honeycomb structure girder to form a super-rigid foundation. Hollow cast aluminum H-arm is adopted in the chassis structure of H-arm multi-link and hydraulic bushing, which reduces the weight by 30% and the unsprung impact.

　　In terms of body frame, it’s really worth saying more, because its body-in-white weighs only 230kg, which is not as heavy as an adult pig. In addition, the original all-aluminum multi-cavity cage body makes the curb weight of iCAR03 only start from 1.68 tons, which is a pure electric vehicle, and this innovation has laid a deep foundation for off-road ability.

　　Comfortable city driving

　　ICAR 03 with square box shape has advantages for riding experience, with ample head space and leg space brought by 2715 wheelbase, which is enough for a family of three to travel. The effective space utilization ratio of iCAR 03 vehicle reached 66%, and the interior space reached 64.3%.

　　The car has a super-large rear head space of the same level. According to official data, the rear head space reaches 991mm, which makes passengers’ activities in the car not cramped.

　　In terms of storage space, the whole vehicle has several extensible storage spaces, including the storage bin under the 24L rear seat and the backup storage space, which can be extended to 1238L.

　　In normal pavement driving, the acceleration of iCAR 03 is very rapid, and the required driving mode can be selected through the driving mode on Nakajima. iCAR 03 has 8+x all-road driving modes to choose from, and there are four modes to choose from on paved roads: energy saving/comfort/sports/personalization. If it is a four-wheel drive vehicle, the four-wheel drive and two-wheel drive will automatically switch during normal driving, which will bring more energy-saving performance.

　　For the iWD intelligent electronic control four-wheel drive equipped with iCAR 03, the performance on the pavement is very smart, and it will remain in the two-wheel drive mode most of the time, and will switch to the four-wheel drive only at the moment of starting and accelerating, and once the vehicle maintains a stable power output, it will remain in the two-wheel drive output.

　　ICAR 03 adopts the design of arms, which is very convenient when switching gears, moving forward and backward. When turning left and right, the central control screen will open the camera on the steering side to make up the blind spot, thus achieving a safer purpose.

　　Because the weight of the car body is the same as that of a fuel car, the starting and acceleration of iCAR 03 is very easy. Although it is also an electric car that has a smooth sense of acceleration, it is obvious that the support of the chassis is very resilient, and when turning at high speed, the control of the car body is very dexterous, and there is almost no inertia brought by the dynamic potential energy. The direction of the steering wheel is completely unified with the direction of the car body.

　　For the transmission of road conditions, iCAR 03 can transmit the road conditions as delicately as golf, especially the feeling between roads, potholes and gravel roads is relatively clear, the suspension is well supported, the resilience of shock absorption is obviously very tough, and there is room for accepting greater impact.

　　Generally speaking, the adjustment of iCAR 03 on paved roads is conservative, and it is mainly for the comfort of family cars, but it is not very radical. On the one hand, it shows that iCAR03 is positioned as a home and trendy car, not a performance car. However, the performance is not reflected in the pavement, but it is completely released in the off-road field.

　　Many cross-country events are not to mention.

　　Who would have thought that although the appearance of iCAR 03 has the value of "harmless to people and animals", playing in off-road venues, I think many hard-core off-road vehicles that sell more than 300,000 will not underestimate it. This off-road test drive was carried out on a site with a slope of 38 degrees. Seeing the models that don’t take off-road as the selling point, it’s really a sweat to challenge many hard-core off-road test sections, or I don’t have much confidence in iCAR 03.

　　However, the display is very cruel. iCAR 03 completely hit the face, not only with a 38-degree slope, but also with a cross shaft and a wading pool. Even the wheels will not slip, just adjust the corresponding driving mode in the car.

　　ICAR 03 can be regarded as a real software-defined car. Some SUVs that also use dual motors are just competing for acceleration time, but iCAR 03 makes it too easy for hard-core off-road to complete. When climbing a hill, you only need to stabilize the speed and look at the transparent body and direction displayed on the hollow screen, even without adjusting to any off-road mode.

　　After reaching the top of the slope, adjust the mode to flexible downhill, release the switch and brake, and the vehicle will firmly grab the ground and descend to the ground very stably, which makes the novice cross-country very calm. The difference between flexible downhill and steep slope descent is that the software is used to calculate the adhesion of each wheel, the slope data and the vehicle speed, and the torque release of each wheel is controlled more subtly, and the vehicle speed is controlled by a motor, instead of controlling the downhill vehicle speed to a set value in general.

　　With the difficult uphill as the foundation, it is actually easier to pass when facing the challenges of climbing stairs, small humps and narrow bridges.

　　What I didn’t expect was that iCAR 03 passed easily when it challenged the 30cm cross axle. We can see that when it crossed the axle, sometimes a wheel would be suspended and have no adhesion. At this time, IWD’s intelligent electronically controlled four-wheel drive can distribute the dynamic torque of the front and rear motors, start the wheel with millisecond-level response, and instantly increase the torque of the wheel with adhesion, so as to achieve normal passing. This does not require particularly high driving skills, just need.

　　What is even more surprising is that when many friends recommend various in-situ U-turn functions in a high-profile manner, iCAR 03 also has the ability of extreme turning, that is, after the steering wheel hits a certain side, the rear wheel will lock with the direction, forming a compass leg mode, dragging the vehicle to extreme turning, thus reducing the turning radius. In order to achieve this turning mode, you only need to select the extreme turning mode in the screen.

　　To sum up, the off-road capability of iCAR 03 is an unexpected bright spot, so that it masks its trendy nature. As the first model of iCAR brand, iCAR03 can definitely be called a pure electric compact SUV with a new height of "involution". If you are a cross-country enthusiast and just want to have a drink in the surrounding cross-country, iCAR 03 is a very good choice, and its price is still within 190,000, which is great for the cost of playing cars. If you are a user who likes go on road trip and needs daily transportation, the intelligence, comfort, space and expansion ability of iCAR 03 can fully meet your play needs, and it is a good choice for low-cost cars. Therefore, if you are interested in iCAR 03, you might as well go to its experience store to have a look.

The richness of a car configuration is related to the user’s car experience, so many people are concerned about its configuration today. Not much to say, let’s take a look.

First of all, from the appearance, the front face of Model Y has improved the grade of the whole vehicle and looks very sporty. Coupled with the sharp headlights, the grade of the whole vehicle has been improved. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, front fog lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Come to the side of the car, the car body size is 4750MM*1921MM*1624MM, the car uses sharp lines, giving people a very tough feeling, with large-sized thick-walled tires, giving people a very capable feeling. In terms of the rear end, the overall shape of the rear end echoes the front face, and the taillights give people a very tough feeling, and the shape is avant-garde.

Coming into the Model Y car, the interior of Model Y adopts a simple and generous shape, which highlights the layered effect. The steering wheel of the car is well designed and made of genuine leather, which gives people an impulse to control it. Let’s take a look at the central control, with a 15-inch touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered, and the overall design of the central control is remarkable. The dashboard and seats are also eye-catching. The dashboard of this car presents a tough design style and looks very unique. The car adopts leather-like seats, which are wide and thick, improving the riding experience of drivers and passengers.

The Model Y is 357KW, the total torque is 659N.m, and the maximum speed is 250 km/h.

The space performance of the Model Y trunk is OK. If there are large items during the trip, you can put down the rear seats to expand the space. At the same time, the car is equipped with anti-lock braking (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.), braking force distribution (EBD), traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), main driving airbag, co-pilot airbag, side airbag curtain, front side airbag and other safety configurations.

Do you have the urge to buy a car after reading the whole article? Let me make a summary. This car has been introduced almost before, and I believe many users who buy a car have taken a fancy to its comfort and practicality.

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:CC weekly (id: cancer-weekly), Author: Zhang Yujiao (tenured professor of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), original title: "Exclusive | These five groups of people cannot be vaccinated! Chinese scholars analyze the top ten problems of Pfizer vaccine, with the title from vision china.

Core summary

1. On the 10th local time, the US Food and Drug Administration（FDA）With 17 votes in favor, 4 votes against and 1 abstention, COVID-19 Vaccine Group decided thatThe benefits of using Pfizer /BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in adults aged 16 and over outweigh the known risks, and the COVID-19 Vaccine Team of FDA recommended that Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine be approved.This means that the last obstacle has been cleared before the COVID-19 vaccine goes on the market in the United States.

2. The vaccination effect of tumor patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy and patients undergoing bone marrow and organ transplantation needs to be studied. People who have been infected should also be vaccinated, but it is not recommended for pregnant women to be vaccinated. Patients with a history of severe allergies should also be carefully vaccinated.

3. At present, it can only be concluded that COVID-19 vaccine is valid for more than half a year.As for how long, we have to wait for the data to speak. According to the current state(Including the titer and maintenance of antibodies in early studies)It may be a year or so, I hope it will be longer.

4. The extent to which COVID-19 vaccine can reduce the chance of spreading virus after vaccination needs further study. Therefore,After vaccination, you need to wash your hands, wear a mask and be socially isolated.

On December 8th, the world’s first Pfizer COVID-19 mRNA vaccine was inoculated in the UK after the third phase clinical study confirmed its effectiveness. The 90-year-old lady told the media at the vaccination site with a strong British accent: "This is the best thing that has happened to me, both effective and free!" . The second vaccinator is an 80-year-old man. His name is William Shakespeare, and he has the same name as the great British writer.

On the same day, after three weeks of investigation, FDA issued a review statement: Pfizer vaccine has no safety concerns, and the effective rate can reach 52% after the first vaccination, and the effective rate will rise to 95% after the second vaccination, and the vaccine can significantly reduce the number of critically ill patients. FDA(US Food and Drug Administration)Decided to submit it to the expert Committee on vaccine efficiency and safety outside the FDA for public hearing, and the whole hearing will be broadcast live on national television.

By 30 FDA independent committees on vaccine efficiency and safety(composed of vaccine experts, doctors and representatives of the public)The hearing will be held from 9: 00 am to 5: 45 pm on December 10, US Eastern Time and December 11, Beijing Time.(Tubing, live broadcast by Twitter). Members of the Committee reviewed tens of thousands of pages of information in advance. After a heated debate, 17 votes in favor and 4 votes against the emergency use of Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccine for adults over 16 years old.

At the hearing, Pfizer released detailed data for the first time. People over 16 years old, including those over 55 years old, have chronic diseases.(including heart and lung disease, cancer history)Those who have a history of HIV, HBV infection but have been controlled are all enrolled in the third phase of the study.

About side effectsMild to moderate discomfort at the inoculation site is very common. Moderate systemic reaction is about 18%, and serious side effects are less than 5%. The research is still going on, and the FDA requires Pfizer to submit updated information to the FDA in January until two years later.

About efficiency95% of the total protection efficiency occurred 7 days after the second inoculation. The protection efficiency of people of all ages and races is above 93%. It has a good protective effect on the history of basic diseases, including cancer.

At the hearing, the safety hazards such as patients with obvious immune deficiency, patients with severe allergic reactions, pregnant women and children were discussed. At the same time, the possibility of transforming mRNA into DNA and reducing the possibility of human-to-human transmission are discussed, and suggestions for future research are put forward, including further research on asymptomatic infected people.

The most controversial issue is whether teenagers aged 16 and 17 can be vaccinated, because there are only more than 100 people in this group in the study.. Some members are opposed to vaccinating teenagers aged 16-17, which is the main reason for voting against it. However, the FDA insists that because many 16-and 17-year-old children in the United States have started working in supermarkets, it is more dangerous.

On December 17th, another mRNA vaccine(Moderna Modena)An FDA hearing will also be held and approval is expected.

After nearly a year of long suffering, people finally saw the dawn. The British media said that "we are vaccinated with hope". However, in the face of more than 1.5 million lives lost around the world, we can’t help but sigh "too late". However, it is worrying that more than 37% of the American people are not willing to be vaccinated at present. They questioned"So soon? Is it safe? ！”

Take the United States as an example. Up to now, more than 15 million people in the United States have been infected with COVID-19, and nearly 300,000 people have lost their lives. The second wave of epidemic has just broken out in autumn and winter. Recently, there are 200,000 new cases and more than 2,500 deaths in the United States, far exceeding the first wave in July this year! At this exponential growth rate, if there is no vaccine and effective social isolation, the probability of each American being infected in 2021 will exceed 50%! Each of us should ask ourselves, should we be vaccinated, infected naturally, or locked up at home?The answer is obvious, we have no choice!

At present, nearly one million people have been vaccinated with four vaccines in China. However, the side effects of Pfizer vaccine, such as severe allergy, and whether some immunocompromised people, such as children, cancer patients, organ transplants, pregnant women and AIDS, can be vaccinated, and who can be vaccinated, have also become consistent issues and choices faced by China and the United States. However, the problems encountered in the vaccination of Pfizer vaccine and Modana vaccine in the United States and the United Kingdom will also serve as a reference for the China vaccine that will be widely vaccinated in the future.

First, who will be vaccinated first? What is the final goal?

According to the discussion results of CDC on November 30th, the order of COVID-19 vaccination is as follows:

First batch(From 15 December): frontline medical staff(20 million)And the elderly in nursing homes(millions).

So far, Pfizer will provide 40 million doses of vaccine before the end of the year; Moderna will provide 20 million doses before the end of the year.

Second batch(From January next year)Social necessities, including police, postmen, firefighters, dieters, school teachers, cleaners, food processors, etc.(nearly 90 million). Old people over 65 years old(fifty million).

The third batch: ordinary people(From March next year)It is estimated that more than 100 million people.

The fourth batch: young people and children under the age of 16(From May next year): tens of millions.

MD Anderson medical staff were among the first to be vaccinated. The hospital has subdivided the first batch of personnel:

At present, the Texas government has announced the distribution number of the first batch of Pfizer vaccines in major hospitals. MD Anderson Hospital will receive nearly 5,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccine on the 14th.(two doses for one person), should be able to supply all the clinical medical staff of 1a with vaccination.(The hospital has nearly 1,000 full-time doctors, more than 20,000 full-time employees, and nearly 30,000 people for further study.).

Goal:Strive to reach 70% vaccination rate after June next year, and promote group immunization.(95% effective rate x70% vaccination rate =66.5% immunization rate). In other words, we should stick to wearing masks and social isolation until the end of June next year.(Biden asked people to hold on at least until the end of April). Clear goals, but a long way to go! What should developing countries do if developed countries plan like this?

Figure/COVID-19 vaccine samples developed by Pfizer and BioNTech.

Second, should cancer and other patients with immunodeficiency, or people with severe allergies be vaccinated?

Should cancer and other patients with immunodeficiency, or people with severe allergies be vaccinated? At present, in the third phase of clinical research, tumor patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or patients with bone marrow and organ transplantation, HIV, etc., are not allowed to participate in the study because of potential immunosuppression. Therefore, the effect of these patients after vaccination is still a research problem. Related research is being prepared.Generally speaking, if radiotherapy and chemotherapy have stopped for more than one year, cancer patients can consider vaccination.

In addition, two cases of obvious allergic reactions occurred in the population vaccinated in the first week in Britain. Therefore,Experts warn patients with a history of severe allergies to be carefully vaccinated.

3. Should children and pregnant women be vaccinated?

In the current clinical study, neither pregnant women nor children under 12 years old were enrolled. Therefore,Vaccination for pregnant women is not recommended at present. As for teenagers and children(under 16 years old)No further data on safety and effectiveness will be available until May next year.

Fourth, should people who have been infected with COVID-19 be vaccinated?

For people who have been infected,Because the recently reported cases of secondary infection and natural immunity may only last for 3 to 6 months, and the immunity produced by natural infection is weak, they should be vaccinated.

5. How long can immunity last after vaccination?

Since most of the third phase of vaccine research began in July this year, the longest observation time is less than half a year. Therefore, we can only conclude that the validity period is more than half a year at present. As for how long, we have to wait for the data to speak. According to the current state(Including the titer and maintenance of antibodies in early studies)It may be a year or so, I hope it will be longer.

6. After vaccination, will it spread the virus to others? Do you still need to wash your hands, wear a mask and be socially isolated?

At present, the effective rate of mRNA vaccine is 95%, which means that the difference between the number of patients with symptoms accounts for the percentage of the number of patients with symptoms in the control group compared with the random control group that did not receive the vaccine. This is a standard algorithm widely accepted by epidemiology, and it is also a standard index of vaccine listing in the international community, not an invention of a manufacturer. Both Pfizer and Mardner’s vaccine trials rely on patients’ self-reports, and subsequent confirmation tests will only be conducted if there are related symptoms. Therefore, this calculation does not include asymptomatic patients; Secondly, the difference between the two groups in transmission to others has not been detected yet.

Can the vaccine reduce the chance of transmission to others? Scientifically, it should be, but the degree needs further study. Therefore,After the vaccination, it is not necessary to wash your hands, wear masks and be socially isolated. Let’s stick to it for a while and wait for further data.Moreover, the vaccine is not 100% effective, in case you belong to the 5% ineffective population!

Figure/Relevant data of Pfizer vaccine

7. How many times should I be vaccinated? What are the side effects?

Current vaccines all requireInoculate twice. If you only plant it once, the effect will be greatly reduced. Moreover, there must be an interval of three weeks between two times.(Pfizer)Or around.(Mardner). At the same time, the vaccine from the same manufacturer must be vaccinated, even though they are all mRNA vaccines.

As for the side effects, it is a three-point poison. It is an ideal to cure all diseases without side effects; More accurately, it is a fantasy; Be strict, it’s nonsense!

This year, according to the recommendation of CDC in the United States, I have been vaccinated against influenza.(once a year, inactivated vaccine)And herpes zoster vaccine.(Protein vaccine, over 50 years old, administered twice). COVID-19 vaccine is expected to be vaccinated in late December. I don’t have much discomfort after getting the flu vaccine. However, every time I have been vaccinated with herpes zoster vaccine, I have intermittent fever for more than 24 hours, and sometimes fever also causes my whole body to tremble, and my arm is red, swollen and painful for nearly a week. However, I know that these are normal phenomena and belong to mild and moderate side effects.

Based on the available data, most of the side effects of COVID-19 vaccine last for 1-2 days. Common injection site pain, erythema/redness, or fatigue.（Moderna）9.7%, Pfizer（Pfizer）3.8%, fever, chills, muscle aches（ Moderna）8.9%, joint pain（Moderna） 5.2%, headache　（Moderna）4.5%, Pfizer（Pfizer） 2%。

Long-term side effects need to be followed up in the fourth phase after marketing.

Judging from the information released,MRNA vaccine appears severe(three degrees)The side effect was severe fatigue, accounting for 3.7%. Overall, it is very safe.Mild and moderate discomfort similar to a cold is very common and normal. Please be patient!

Figure/After the first vaccination, patients will get a card to remind them to get the second vaccination on time.

8. Will the new virus mutation affect the effectiveness of the vaccine?

The answer is possible. For example, the mutation rate of influenza virus gene is high, so a new vaccine against influenza in that year should be vaccinated every year. And AIDS has always been because the virus mutates too fast, so far there is no vaccine.

Fortunately, according to the current epidemiological survey, Nature Communications magazine published an article in November this year to study 46,000 cases of COVID-19 virus from different periods around the world, and found that the probability of COVID-19 mutation is relatively low because of its unique proofread inspection mechanism, which is undoubtedly the gospel of the vaccine. At the same time, the mRNA vaccine can be modified according to mutation and then reproduced, which is much easier to operate than the terminal protein vaccine. For example, the gun has been built, just need to modify the structure of the warhead.

9. Why should vaccine storage be at MINUS 70 degrees?

Pfizer vaccine needs to be stored in a freezer at MINUS 70 degrees Celsius for a long time, and it can only be stored in a refrigerator at 2 ~ 7 degrees Celsius for 5 days. Moderna vaccine can be stored for a long time in the freezer at MINUS 20 degrees, and can be stored in the refrigerator at 2 ~ 7 degrees for one month. The reason why RNA is sensitive to temperature is that it is easy to degrade with the increase of temperature. Moderna vaccine is relatively thermotolerant, which may be related to the composition and structure of its lipid carrier. This partly explains that the side effects of Moderna vaccine seem to be a little high.

AstraZeneca’s vaccine is an adenovirus strain, which requires lower temperature and can be stored for half a year at 2 ~ 7 degrees. And is suitable for developing countries.(Note: Freund’s temperature F is used in American charts). However, the comprehensive effective rate of AZ vaccine is about 70%. Subgroup analysis showed that the effective rate of the first low dose group was 90%. However, because this group of people is young.(under 50 years old)And it is not designed in advance. Therefore, it is recognized by the industry as 70% efficient.

Photo/Pfizer is building a "frozen farm" the size of a football field to store vaccines in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Pfizer’s vaccine must be stored below the ultra-low temperature of 70 degrees.

X. Why do Britain and America prefer mRNA vaccine?

On December 2nd, Britain took the lead in approving Pfizer’s vaccine and started vaccination on the 8th. Today, the vaccine has also been approved in the United States, and it is expected to start nationwide vaccination on the 15th. On the 17th of next week, the FDA of the United States is very likely to approve the mRNA vaccine of Moderna, and it is possible to start vaccination on the 22nd. Apart from the fact that these two viruses first completed the phase III clinical randomized study, what factors made the world look at the mRNA vaccine with new eyes?

Thirty years ago, I transferred from tumor immunology research to a brand-new field of tumor gene therapy. At the MD Anderson Cancer Center in the United States, my colleagues and I spent seven years constructing a retrovirus, adenovirus and nanoliposome-mediated anti-cancer gene transformation mode and animal tumor model, which not only contributed to the first patient’s cancer gene therapy in human history, but also made a Nasdaq-listed company. I have published more than a dozen papers myself, won two patents for gene therapy, and obtained a doctorate in tumor biology within four years. After that, I decided to return to the clinical front line and started five years of standardized training for clinical oncology residents.

Retroviruses have the longest gene transformation rate and maintenance time, but unfortunately they will be integrated into the DNA of human hosts. Some scholars are worried about the possibility of cancer. At present, this gene transformation method has been rarely used in cancer treatment.

Adenovirus will not be integrated into human DNA, but it is toxic to cells and will cause immunity to adenovirus vectors. This may explain the side effects of AstraZeneca COVID-19 adenovirus vector vaccine and the change of the initial dose to the effective rate.The high dose of the first vaccination may stimulate a stronger immune response against adenovirus vector, which may affect the results of the second vaccination. Therefore, it is better to use a low dose for the first time).

However, nanotechnology liposome itself has little influence on the immune system, and the general mRNA will not be reverse transcribed and integrated into human DNA, but it will express the protein to be transmitted in human cells for a short time.(For example, COVID-19 spinous protein activates the immune response and then gradually subsides), the best security. However, I used DNA plasmid at that time; Because DNA is much more stable. At that time, everyone knew that RNA extraction and preservation were very difficult, and there was no precedent for successful transformation of mRNA gene.

Gene transfer with COVID-19 spinous protein mRNA as the main body mediated by lipid carrier can avoid errors and potential side effects in the process of DNA transcription, so that spinous protein can be efficiently expressed in human cells in a short time, and the immune response of the body can be activated, which can produce specific antiviral antibodies and immune killer cells more effectively than natural infection. Although the gene expression is short-lived, activated B cells and T cells have their own memories, which can destroy or inhibit the virus for a long time. At the same time, this mRNA will not reverse transcribe into DNA, and will not be integrated into the host DNA, which is safe and reliable.

For decades, the method of mRNA gene transfer has been a dream of scientists. Katalin Kariko, the founding partner of Moderna, the inventor of mRNA technology and a Hungarian-born American scientist, has been on the bench for 40 years, and was originally prepared to set up Moderna to engage in mRNA cancer vaccine. As a result, a Cheng Yaojin COVID-19 was killed halfway.

When scientists in China announced the gene sequence of COVID-19 on January 10th this year.(including spinous process protein)Later, the researchers in the United States and Germany changed hands, but they were unwilling to plant flowers and flowers. Fortunately, this spinous protein was finally proved to be a good immunogen of COVID-19, and COVID-19 mRNA vaccine appeared on the scene. This is an important breakthrough in human science and technology, and it is also the result of the joint efforts of scientists from all over the world.

In contrast, inactivating virus vaccine is a mature method, and this traditional method is adopted in the annual influenza vaccine. Its research and development success rate is high, so it is widely used. However, it is difficult to control the temperature during inactivation, which brings some difficulties to quality control. Therefore, the production capacity is limited. At the same time, the added chemicals will also bring some side effects.

Generally, the effective rate of inactivated influenza vaccine is between 50% and 70%. At present, the early toxicity and antibody positive rate of domestic COVID-19 vaccine with inactivated vaccine as the main body and adenovirus vector have been reported. Volunteers can tolerate mild and moderate side effects, and the antibodies are positive after injection. However, positive antibody does not guarantee that it has sufficient protection. The effective rate must be obtained in the three-phase randomized study with control group. Because the epidemic situation in China is well controlled, the corresponding research must be carried out in other countries with high incidence.

Up to now, the epidemiological efficiency of the strict phase III clinical randomized study of vaccines in China has not been reported, and the world is eagerly awaiting it. I believe the final conclusion will be heard in the near future.The advantages of inactivated vaccine and adenovirus vector vaccine are that they are less affected by temperature, easy to store and transport, and more suitable for developing countries.

Due to the potential advantages of technological innovation and high antigen purification and expression, such as improving vaccine efficiency and productivity and reducing side effects, when the effective rate of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine reached 95%, the industry unanimously hailed this major breakthrough. More importantly, there are almost no seriously ill patients among the vaccinators.

Many people think that this is the arrival of God’s grace! Developed countries such as the United States and Britain have booked the products of these two companies in advance. China’s Fosun Company also signed a cooperation agreement with Pfizer and has completed the first phase of clinical trials. It is expected that the related Phase 2 will be launched in China soon.(Non-random)Clinical research to obtain the approval of China FDA.

Figure/A nurse and patient in California. In many parts of the United States, the pressure on the health system has been overwhelmed and is on the verge of collapse at any time.

Although American health insurance and the government will pay the cost of vaccination, another difficulty is that more than 37% people in the United States are not at ease with the vaccine and are not prepared to vaccinate immediately. In this regard, three former presidents of the United States, Bush, Clinton and Obama, said that they would vaccinate under the observation of the media at the first time as a platform for vaccine safety.

Because the vaccine is for normal people, it is not a "medicine", not to treat patients, but to prevent diseases. Meanwhile, for COVID-19 vaccine, the population to be vaccinated is billions of healthy people, including children.Therefore, its safety must be much stricter than that of "medicine".Therefore, if time is not pressing, all new vaccines should wait for a long time.(more than 2 years)The data will be finally approved. But in the face of a serious epidemic, this is irrational. The regulations that allow emergency use are designed for this situation.

At present, FDA requires that the last patient should be observed for at least 2 months after entering the Phase III clinical study to ensure that there are no serious acute side effects. Moreover, regulators must strictly control the use of these new vaccines from the beginning. The initial use of these vaccines is limited to those who need them most-doctors, nurses, other health care workers, and the elderly in nursing homes. Regulators also need to continue to closely monitor the side effects of vaccines already on the market.(so-called Phase IV Clinical Study). With the accumulation of data in the first two months of next year, the range of vaccinators will be further expanded.

The development of human society always strives for survival first, and then for improvement and perfection.

When the hopes of the whole world are pinned on the COVID-19 vaccine, the hardest work has just begun. We know that the best antiviral function of the vaccine will not be realized until two weeks after the second vaccination.In other words, for most people, December this year, January and February next year will be the darkest moments in the medical history of the United States since the Spanish influenza pandemic in World War I.

According to Dr. Fauci, director of the Institute of Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health, it is estimated that by March next year, about 500,000 people in the United States will die in COVID-19, surpassing the number of deaths in World War II in the United States.(about 400,000). Regrettably, some people in the United States still refuse to wear masks and social isolation. Up to now, 37% people are skeptical about vaccines, and the epidemic prevention work has a long way to go!

Controversy over vaccines(Inoculation or non-inoculation, domestic or imported)The reason and background are very complicated, and it will not stop for a while. As a scientist and a doctor, I care most about yourself! Vaccinate, not only for others, but also for yourself!

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:CC weekly (id: cancer-weekly), Author: Zhang Yujiao (tenured professor of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center)

Our reporter Peng Yan

Recently, some banks have adjusted the transaction limit of non-counter channel payment. Many banks, such as Bank of Qingdao and bank of dalian, have successively issued announcements to reduce the total payment limit of some personal accounts through non-counter channels. Among them, Qingdao Bank adjusted the daily limit of some personal accounts to less than 5,000 yuan.

According to the reporter’s understanding, since last year, in order to ensure the financial security of customer accounts, a number of banks have successively adjusted the limits of some customers’ non-counter transactions. What is the specific limit and whether it is limited? Banks make different adjustments to different regions and different customers, depending on the actual use of personal accounts and relevant policies in the region.

According to the historical usage of customers’ bills, Qingdao Bank will take protective measures to reduce the total payment limit of some personal accounts in non-counter channels (including online banking, mobile banking, express payment, self-service teller machines’ ATM’ and consumer terminals’ ‘POS machines’). The so-called non-counter channel refers to the business that is not handled at the bank counter, including but not limited to the business handled through online banking, mobile banking, gateway payment, express payment, POS, ATM, etc.

The Securities Daily reporter called a branch of Qingdao Bank, and the bank’s counter staff said that reducing the total payment limit of some personal accounts in non-counter channels was mainly aimed at restricting transactions in personal bank accounts with no transactions for a long time and low account balance, and adjusting the daily limit to less than 5,000 yuan.

"The risk control for personal bank accounts is tightened mainly to reduce the risk of damage to users’ funds. Because many users have lost their bank cards or have not used them for a long time. " The counter staff of Qingdao Bank told reporters that if the user subsequently applies for raising the limit, the bank will set a reasonable off-counter payment limit after re-evaluation.

Wu Dan, a researcher at China Banking Research Institute, told the Securities Daily that this is an important way to prevent and control bank accounts. It is difficult to confirm the real trading intention of customers for large-value transactions in non-counter channels, and it is difficult for customers to recover once the transfer is successful, so it is necessary to improve the transaction monitoring measures. Identifying customers’ daily trading habits through technical means, conducting customer risk assessment in time, and imposing account restrictions on abnormal operations can effectively protect customers’ "money bags" and give them normal operations when the security signals are sufficient, which greatly improves the quality and efficiency of financial anti-fraud and anti-fraud work.

In recent years, banks have been strengthening the management of personal accounts, from clearing "sleep accounts" to "one-person excess accounts", and then upgrading to include bank cards with balances lower than those in 10 yuan into sleep accounts. In particular, since last year, a number of banks have launched the "broken card" action.

Xue Hongyan, vice president of Xingtu Financial Research Institute, told the Securities Daily that the bank’s adjustment of account limit is mainly based on the need to prevent telecommunication network fraud or anti-money laundering. It monitors the account payment and transfer in real time through the system model, and adjusts the trigger limit for abnormal accounts. In addition, some sleep accounts that have not been used for a long time may also be lowered by the bank and need to be reactivated at the counter.

Wu Dan said that it is equally important for banks to improve the convenience of customers’ transactions and ensure the safety of customers’ funds. It is necessary to continuously improve the ability of account risk prevention and control management, find high-risk account transactions in time and implement dynamic tracking to reduce the risks involved in related accounts.

Xue Hongyan said that banks should improve the recognition accuracy of the monitoring model; For the account that triggers the limit adjustment mechanism, more options should be given to remove the restrictions, especially allowing users to operate online, so as to reduce the time cost and transportation cost of counter application.

　　On February 22, Cheng Jiguang and his wife finally reunited with their son Cheng Xueping, who had been separated for more than 30 years. The family wept with joy. Image source: Huaxi Dushi Bao police for the picture

　　In early spring and February, in northern Sichuan, the atmosphere of the New Year has not yet dispersed, and rape blossoms have begun to spit yellow dew gold. On February 22nd, Qin Yujie, from Jize County, Handan City, Hebei Province, traveled thousands of miles with his wife and children and rushed back to his "home" in nanbu county, Sichuan Province.

　　At the age of 3, Qin Yujie was separated from his parents. In order to find him, my father traveled all over China with pickles on his back. In Handan, because he pronounced "shoes" as "children", he was called "Southern Baby" by the villagers. All along, he has been looking for his biological parents.

　　Finally, with the help of Sichuan police and Hebei police, the DNA comparison of father and son who have been separated for more than 30 years was successful. On February 22nd, the family finally reunited.

　　The hug that came 30 years late said "stop crying" but tears kept flowing.

　　On the 22nd, Qin Yujie finally returned to Chengjiawan Village, Xingsheng Township, nanbu county. One kilometer away, you can see the banner of "Welcome Baby Home", the sound of firecrackers, and the enthusiastic villagers came from Shili Baxiang to meet them. The whole mountain village is boiling, which is more lively and festive than New Year’s Eve.

　　After more than 30 years, the blood relationship has been cut off. On this day, Qin Yujie confirmed that his original name was Cheng Xueping. Parents and sons hugged each other tightly, crying with joy, constantly wiping tears for each other and comforting each other "stop crying".

　　Send the prepared banner and take a group photo with the police, volunteers, family members and neighbors … … Qin Yujie is very busy. In order to celebrate the return of wanderers and the reunion of their loved ones, the family has already prepared a reunion dinner, competing with each other to pick up food for each other. Although there are tears in their eyes, the smile at this time is so sweet.

　　Passion surges, tears mingle with joy, holding my son’s hand, touching and checking the marks left on his head when he was young, asking, talking, caring and attaching … … A pair of fiery eyes are wet, and I can’t wait to spit it out after decades … …

　　The youngest son disappeared in Guizhou, and his father searched half of China with pickles on his back.

　　It dates back to 30 years ago. Cheng Jiguang and Gao Lingzhen, who live in Chengjiawan Village, Xingsheng Township, nanbu county, Sichuan Province, are hardworking and simple, living an ordinary and happy life. In July 1985, their son was born and named Cheng Xueping. In order to raise it well, I also took a nickname "Wa Wazi". The birth of a son added a new hope to this small family.

　　Originally, Xiaoxueping was taken by her grandmother, but Cheng Jiguang and Gao Lingzhen were going to work in Guizhou, and they were reluctant to leave their son at home, so they took him to Guizhou. Who knows that after about 20 days in Guizhou, the child disappeared.

　　One day in July 1988, Cheng Xueping, who was only three years old, was playing on the construction site, but in the evening, when Cheng Jiguang and his wife were busy all day, they found that their son had disappeared and immediately looked around the construction site. At that time, Cheng Jiguang thought that his son might be playing nearby, and he might be able to find it later, but a few hours later, his son still disappeared. After that, Cheng Jiguang and his wife began to embark on a long road to find children.

　　In order to find their son, the couple not only spent their savings from working for many years, but also owed a lot of debts. Due to lack of money, Cheng Jiguang had to carry dry food and pickles, and searched all over the country for his missing son, and searched most of China. Later, Cheng Jiguang and his wife entered the DNA blood sample data into the national abduction DNA database.

　　Nanwaiwa in rural Hebei pronounced "shoes" as "children"

　　At an early age, Qin Yujie of a village in Jize County, Handan City, Hebei Province felt different from other children in the village. He always pronounces "shoes" in other people’s mouths as "children", so he is often laughed at, and others say that he is a baby from the south.

　　Gradually, Qin Yujie knew that he was not his father’s own, and that his father was just a foster uncle. The "foster uncle" was single when he adopted him, but later he got a wife and his own children, so he was ready to give him away.

　　Qin Yujie, who was ignorant and afraid, begged the "foster grandmother" not to give herself away again. The kind "foster grandmother" let the eldest son adopt Qin Yujie and become his adoptive father.

　　In the adoptive father’s home, Qin Yujie has never had a birthday for 30 years. He is bent on finding his biological parents and "home" and wants to know where he came to Hebei.

　　DNA screening breaks through the fog and finds the son who has been separated for 30 years.

　　God helps those who help themselves. In July 2018, nanbu county police received a notice from their superiors that the DNA blood samples of Cheng Jiguang and his wife were highly similar to those of a man named Qin Yujie in the blood bank. After learning the news, Wang Hao, the squadron leader in charge of abduction, immediately contacted Qin Yujie to learn about his basic situation. However, at that time, Qin Yujie was a DNA blood sample left when he was working in a foreign country, leaving no identity information and contact information, and had already left his place of work. This clue was interrupted. Nanbu county police did not give up, further strengthened investigation and contact, and finally found out Qin Yujie’s identity information.

　　In November 2018, in order to ensure accuracy, the abduction police contacted Cheng Jiguang and his wife for a second DNA blood sample collection while looking for Qin Yujie. At the beginning of this year, Sichuan police contacted the police in Jize County, Handan City, Hebei Province, and found Qin Yujie who was highly similar to the "target object" and collected DNA blood samples sent by Hebei police.

　　On February 15th this year, the DNA comparison finally got the result, and the physical evidence appraisal institute of Nanchong City Public Security Bureau issued an appraisal document. The appraisal result showed that Cheng Jiguang and Gao Lingzhen were Qin Yujie’s biological parents respectively.

　　On the same day, the policeman Wang Hao informed Cheng Jiguang and his wife of the results for the first time, and the couple immediately burst into tears of joy. Huaxi Dushi Bao-Cover News

　　Reporter Wu Liufeng

　　The picture is provided by the police

　　In the crazy process of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China, grey means frequently appear. The GlaxoSmithKline case is just the tip of the iceberg. What are the criteria for multinational pharmaceutical companies to choose executives in China? What kind of deep background do they have?

　　After four senior executives of GlaxoSmithKline were detained, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Lilly and other giants were also investigated by relevant departments, and the bribery scandal of multinational pharmaceutical giants intensified.

　　Multinational pharmaceutical companies have been operating in China for 30 years. Facing the huge market in China, the development and expansion of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China is more like a long-planned war. From the initial joint venture, to merger and acquisition, sole proprietorship, setting up factories and R&D centers in China, even the executives in China have changed from foreigners to local elites.

　　From tourism to immigration, from interviews to papers, the "grey marketing techniques" of pharmaceutical companies have also exposed the tip of the iceberg.

　　How do multinational pharmaceutical companies operate in China, and what are the arrangements for the establishment of various functional departments? How can multinational pharmaceutical companies penetrate into China step by step by relying on their strong economic strength and powerful government lobbying ability? What is the background of executives of multinational pharmaceutical companies?

　　Department secrets

　　The outbreak of GSK’s China Wo case presented a roadmap for a foreign company to promote drugs by illegal means in China. Zhao Hongyan, director of the legal department, liang hong, vice president and general manager of enterprise operation, Huang Hong, general manager of business development enterprise operation, and Zhang Guowei, president and director of human resources department, who are known as "GSK China Troika", were investigated by the public security department. Why did GSK executives in China collectively fall?

　　The reporter found that there is a very clear division of labor among mainstream European and American pharmaceutical foreign companies. The medical management of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China has been covered with political color.

　　A deputy general manager of a domestic pharmaceutical company told reporters, "Every multinational pharmaceutical company has different ways to play. The national market layout of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China is basically where the government relations built by the enterprises themselves extend. Considering the operation and security of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China, one of the main tasks of government relations management is short-term arrangement, medium-term plan and long-term plan, and there is a special annual budget for the expansion and maintenance of government relations. "

　　"Simply relying on market operation is not enough to maintain the production and development of enterprises. For example, the bidding management of provinces, the selection of essential drugs, the addition of medical insurance catalogues, and the new GMP standards will all be controlled and influenced by relevant national policies. Therefore, on the first day of investment in China, multinational pharmaceutical companies in Europe and the United States regard influencing government-related decision-making departments as their most important task. " A staff member of a medical association told reporters.

　　Pharmaceutical enterprises build their own government relations network nationwide, on the one hand, relying on the government relations department of the company, on the other hand, giving full play to the personal connections and business capabilities of resident marketers, and on the other hand, relying on the commercial customers of pharmaceutical enterprises.

　　An industry insider who did not want to be named said, "Multinational pharmaceutical companies are even more aware of the layout of approval power before and after the reform than government officials, and their familiarity with policies, laws and regulations is much higher than that of domestic pharmaceutical companies."

　　There are 11 departments in China headquarters of GSK. The four departments involved in this case are Legal Affairs, Human Resources, Business Development and Enterprise Operation. What is the department setup and division of responsibilities of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China?

　　The Ministry of Government Affairs is mainly responsible for developing and carrying out related work with National Medical Products Administration, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Price Bureau, the industrial and commercial departments, the Ministry of Justice and other government functional departments, and establishing and maintaining good communication and contact with relevant units and departments. For example, be responsible for the company’s product declaration and selection in the national or local basic medical insurance drug list, and ensure that the company’s products are selected in the trade name list or synonym library in relevant regions; Responsible for the bidding and winning of the company’s products in relevant regions of the country, improve market access, and ensure that the company’s products have good channel environment and policy environment support.

　　The Ministry of Public Affairs is mainly responsible for the work in the media and public propaganda. Publicize the public through some influential media or propaganda tools, such as newspapers, magazines, radio and television, and shape public opinion, thus affecting the decision-making of government departments or legislatures. In addition, carry out social welfare projects advocated by the government to shape the positive image of enterprises. Some common problems are provided to the legislature or decision-making body as experts and scholars or as alliance groups through industry associations, industry media, academic groups, etc.

　　Medical registration department, mainly dealing with new drugs on the market and National Medical Products Administration. Get more guidance and help from the national level, improve the efficiency of pharmaceutical companies in research and development, registration and approval of new drugs, and obtain policy support for existing products.

　　Business development department, mainly dealing with local pharmaceutical wholesale companies and price departments. Provide accurate and continuous information, trends and related policy analysis for internal departments of the company; Drafting opinions and supporting materials to provide reference and necessary support for other internal departments to negotiate with the official; Ensure the stability of the price system of pharmaceutical products.

　　The legal department is mainly responsible for dealing with the legal troubles that the company may face. Based on the long-term research on the policy and market of pharmaceutical industry, it provides policy judgments for pharmaceutical companies in their business decisions. Because multinational pharmaceutical companies are familiar with the laws of China, they directly contact legislators or government officials with decision-making power through formal meetings or other means, such as cooperating with the government to present the company’s position and views on behalf of the company, provide relevant information and share practical experience, so as to influence the decision-making of the government or legislative departments.

　　In order to further standardize the supervision and management of agricultural financing guarantee funds in Guangxi, promote the healthy and sustainable development of agricultural burden system in Guangxi, and improve the efficiency in the use of funds, recently, the Department of Finance of the Autonomous Region and the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Autonomous Region issued the Measures for the Management of Business Reward Funds of Guangxi Agricultural Credit Financing Guarantee System (hereinafter referred to as the "Administrative Measures"). The "Administrative Measures" consists of six chapters, which mainly defines the scope of supplementary awards, supplementary awards standards, application and disbursement, system construction, budget performance management and supervision and inspection.

　　First, clear the scope of financial support for agricultural compensation awards

　　According to the spirit of the documents such as the Notice on the Measures for the Administration of Agriculture-related Transfer Payment Funds, the Notice on Further Improving the National Agricultural Credit Guarantee Work and the Notice on Further Improving the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Work to Help Rural Revitalization, combined with the actual situation of agricultural credit guarantee work in our region, the Finance Department of the Autonomous Region strongly supports the construction of agricultural credit guarantee system in Guangxi. Raise funds to give a supplementary award to Guangxi Agricultural Credit Financing Guarantee Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Guangxi Agricultural Bank Company) for its policy-oriented agricultural bank business that meets the requirements of "double control", focusing on supporting agricultural production (including agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production and farmland construction) and industrial integration projects directly related to agricultural production, highlighting the production support for important agricultural products such as grain and pigs. Focus on supporting agriculture with small scale and low fees. The guarantee scale is limited to a single household’s guaranteed balance of no more than 10 million yuan, the guarantee rate charged to the loan subject of policy-based agricultural undertaking business is no more than 0.8%, and the comprehensive guarantee rate after financial subsidy (the sum of the loan subject and financial subsidy) is no more than 3%. Adhere to the service tenet of strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers, firmly grasp the positioning of policy-based guarantee, and scientifically and reasonably determine the preferential guarantee rate.

　　Two, standardize the use of funds application process

　　In order to improve the standardization, accuracy and effectiveness of the application for supplementary awards, the Administrative Measures clearly require Guangxi Agricultural Support Company to submit an application for supplementary awards for agricultural support in the previous year to the Finance Department of the autonomous region and other departments according to the completion of the policy guarantee business in the previous year before the end of January each year. The Department of Finance of the Autonomous Region shall summarize and preliminarily examine the application funds, and submit them to the steering committee of agricultural credit financing guarantee in the whole region for deliberation, and allocate and use the supplementary award funds for the guarantee business issued by the central government in accordance with the relevant provisions of the centralized treasury payment system, constantly standardize the procedures for fund application and use, improve the efficiency in the use of funds, promote financial integration in the whole region, and help realize high-quality and efficient agriculture, livable and suitable rural areas, and rich farmers.

　　Third, improve the construction of agricultural credit guarantee system

　　The Department of Finance of the Autonomous Region encourages Guangxi Nongdan Company to carry out business cooperation with the pilot institutions of agricultural credit guarantee in cities and counties, and includes the cooperative business that meets the conditions of supplementary award policy into the scope of support of supplementary award policy, establishes and improves the agricultural credit guarantee system led by Guangxi Nongdan Company and supported by the agricultural institutions in cities and counties, constantly improves the construction of agricultural credit guarantee system in the whole region, promotes the coordinated development of all institutions of agricultural credit guarantee system, promotes farmers’ income and wealth, and injects "flowing water from the source" into the implementation of rural revitalization strategy.

　　Fourth, strengthen performance management and supervision and inspection

　　The Department of Finance of the Autonomous Region, together with the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Autonomous Region and other departments, will further strengthen the whole process budget performance management of supplementary award funds for guarantee business, strictly evaluate the performance of supplementary award funds, effectively use and manage supplementary award funds, and continuously improve the scientific, refined and professional management level of fund budget performance. Strengthen the supervision and inspection of the audit and supervision of the use of supplementary award funds for guarantee business, prevent financial risks, improve the efficiency of the use of supplementary award funds for guarantee business to benefit farmers and enterprises, give full play to the leverage of financial funds to support agriculture, incite financial living water to promote agricultural development in Guangxi, and help Guangxi’s agricultural industry upgrade.

　　Cctv news(Reporter Wei Junhao) As one of the oldest characters in the world, how did Chinese characters come into being? On February 19th, "Freehand brushwork in China — — Exploring the Origin of Chinese Characters "The online theme propaganda interview group went into Nanle County, Puyang City, Henan Province, to explore the origin of Chinese characters and feel the profound Chinese culture.

　　Cang Xie Cultural Museum in Nanle County, located in Shiguan Village, Liangcun Township, 20 kilometers northwest of Nanle County, has Cangjie Ling and Cangjie Temple, which was specially built to commemorate Cang Xie.

　　According to relevant records, Cang Xie was the official historian of Xuanyuan Huangdi. "Before there were no words, the tribes at that time mainly made notes by knotting knots, memorabilia and small things. With the expansion of the Yellow Emperor tribe, Cang Xie couldn’t remember what happened in big things and what happened in small things, and needed a new method of keeping notes urgently. Since then, Cang Xie has watched the changes of the sun, the moon and the stars, and watched the changes of the forms of all things, invented our oldest pictograph, and opened a new chapter in Chinese culture. " Pang Xingang, a lecturer at the Cang Xie Cultural Museum, explained.

　　"Cang Xie created many words in his life, but now there are only 28 words left." Pang Xingang said that these 28 words are pronounced as: "Wu Si A and B, who are friends in the first place, stop in the world, and have a glorious reputation. They are home to each other, respected by Chishui and attacked by Ge Mao." Under the leadership of Emperor Xuanyuan, he defeated Chiyou, United all tribes, lived and worked in peace and contentment in the Yellow River valley, and agricultural civilization began.

　　With the general form of Chinese characters, the characters made in Cang Xie gradually made them easier to remember and write, and gradually evolved from simple symbolic forms into modern Chinese characters that we are familiar with. The creation of characters by Cangjie is of great significance to the evolution of China characters and the development of China culture. He is also known as "the ancestor of Chinese characters", "the father of the three religions" and "the Sect of All Saints".

　　In 2010, the United Nations designated "Grain Rain" in the 24th solar terms of the lunar calendar as Chinese Day to commemorate the contribution of Cangjie, the ancestor of Chinese characters.

　　Although Cang Xie has been buried under the loess of Nanle, the Chinese characters he created are timeless and have become the most meaningful and profound human language.

　　American historian Jeffrey Kay

　　[Global Times reporter Yu Jincui] What did the Fort Detrick military base and more than 300 biological laboratories located in nearly 30 countries such as Ukraine do? Jeffrey Kay, an American historian, said in an exclusive interview with the Global Times reporter recently, "I think the United States is carrying out a secret biological weapons project." Jeffrey Kay has long devoted himself to studying the black history of American germ warfare in the Korean War. Before retiring, he opened a psychological clinic in San Francisco to help people who were abused by the CIA. He is the author of "The Cover-up of Guantá namo Bay", which exposes the evils of torture in the United States. He told reporters that the documents published by the United States in recent years have "really hammered" the use of biological weapons by the United States in the Korean War. Moreover, as the only country that has used nuclear weapons, chemical weapons and biological weapons in many wars, the United States still shows a dangerous tendency to continue to use related weapons, which worries the world. More importantly, the US government has been trying to cover up the truth, doing whatever it wants, and opposing the establishment of a verification mechanism in the Biological Weapons Convention. What the international community needs to do is to urge the United States to disclose more information and form an investigation team with high-level authorities.

　　"The U.S. military used biological weapons that were highly similar to the 731 troops of the Japanese invaders in the Korean War."

　　Global Times: You have long studied the historical data of the germ warfare carried out by the United States in the Korean War, and called the documents related to the germ warfare published by the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) "the last piece in the puzzle that can prove that the United States carried out the germ warfare." What did you find after consulting the declassified documents of the CIA? Why is there enough evidence to prove that the United States carried out germ warfare during the Korean War?

　　Jeffrey Kay: We can be 100% sure that the United States engaged in germ warfare during the Korean War. This is based on the evidence provided by hundreds of witnesses to different investigators over the years, the uncensored documents available to the US Department of Defense, the contact records between the Korean People’s Army and Chinese people’s Volunteer Army intercepted by the US during the Korean War, and some recent statements by officers of the US Air Force and Marine Corps about germ warfare.

　　In 2010, the 60th anniversary of the Korean War, the CIA decided to declassify some highly confidential documents. I found that there were more than 20 internal reports of the Chinese and North Korean armed forces that were hit by American germ warfare. These documents were intercepted by the US security department for translation and analysis. From these documents, I found that many Chinese and North Korean troops reported to their commanders that they were attacked by bacterial weapons, such as DDT was needed to help kill infected insects, the supply was destroyed, and attack force could not move because of biological weapons. These real-time contact records obtained by the United States prove the occurrence of bacterial attacks.

　　Global Times: Referring to the use of biological weapons by the United States during the Korean War, we would like to know why it was not until recent years that American war crimes were confirmed by documents decrypted by the CIA.

　　Jeffrey Kay: In the United States, a lot of information about the Korean War is confidential, and some of it has not been released yet. It was only recently that I was shocked to find that during the Cold War, from 1951 to 1965, the US Customs and other departments intercepted a large number of materials from the Soviet Union, China, North Korea and Eastern European countries, including the fact that the United States used biological weapons in the Korean War. However, the United States declared that "these are political propaganda of relevant countries" and destroyed the materials.

　　Global Times: At the end of World War II, the United States stepped up its efforts to improve bacterial weapons and hooked up with demons like the 731 troops of the Japanese invaders. The biological laboratory in Fort Detrick, USA, is inextricably linked with the 731 troops of the Japanese invaders. Shiro Ishii, the head of the heinous 731 troops, was a biological weapons consultant in Fort De. You think that the biological weapons used by the United States in the Korean War may be related to the Japanese Army Unit 731, and suggest that the international community should form an investigation team to investigate this. Why is it so difficult to push the investigation? Where is the resistance?

　　The Cover-up of Guantanamo by American historian Jeffrey Kay

　　Jeffrey Kay: The biological weapons used by the U.S. military in germ warfare are highly similar to those studied by the Japanese Army Unit 731. I don’t know if they are exactly the same, because many documents are confidential. But for anyone who knows this history, it is very possible that the two are related. The US Army Chemical Corps is mainly responsible for the US biological warfare plan. In an internal document in 1953, the Corps mentioned North Korea’s "limited war" and how to use biological weapons as a "temporary policy" in order to improve short-term combat effectiveness. I think these "temporary policy weapons" are the types of weapons adopted by Japanese 731 troops, such as feather bombs (infecting birds’ feathers with viruses) and insect weapons used in China. After the United States signed an agreement with Japanese Army 731 and Ishii Shiro, the Korean battlefield actually became a large-scale experimental site for the biological weapons heritage that the United States "inherited" from Japan.

　　As for why it is so difficult to promote the investigation of the United States, or why it is so difficult to make people interested in this matter, part of the reason is the legacy of the Cold War. The American government and other western governments are very hostile to anyone who exposes their crimes. We can look at what happened to julian assange. Assange exposed American war crimes in Iraq and Afghanistan, and ended up in a British prison today, struggling to refuse extradition to the United States. I don’t know how to explain it. This is shocking. To a great extent, the United States is like a totalitarian government that has infiltrated control into academia and the media. Some people worry that if they promote the information on the public use of biological weapons in the United States or call for an investigation, their careers will be ruined. So, they said nothing. People are afraid to take action. I have seen this scene many times, which is very sad.

　　"The United States dares not announce the truth about the global biological laboratory"

　　Global Times: In recent years, the international community has questioned the Fort Detrick biological laboratory in the United States and a large number of biological laboratories in the United States around the world, especially in the Russian periphery (CIS countries). Strange biological virus disasters have occurred in many countries such as Kazakhstan, and calls for the United States to make the truth of these laboratories public have come and gone. Does what the United States has done conform to the provisions of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)? Are you worried about the practice of the United States to set up more than 300 biological laboratories around the world?

　　Jeffrey Kay: Yes, many people are worried that the United States and possibly some other countries are violating the Biological Weapons Convention. There are many secrets in these laboratories — — After the escalation of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the relevant documents of Ukrainian laboratories were destroyed, taken away or removed. The U.S. government may say that their overseas biological laboratories are mainly to cooperate with other countries to monitor existing biological threats, including biological weapons attacks from nature and possibly from other countries. But in fact, everyone who has a deep understanding or even a little knowledge of the biological weapons programs of the United States and other countries knows that there is usually only a very fine line between whether the research is for the purpose of defense, such as monitoring biological pathogens, or for the purpose of attack. In fact, when I studied the Korean War, I found that more than one biological weapon research was confirmed under the banner of "defensive biological weapon research". As early as 1948, the chairman of the Advisory Committee of the US Army Chemical Corps once said: "The offensive application of using insects as a medium to deliver biological agents is called ‘ Control insects ’ The defensive research institute covers it up. "

　　We can’t say exactly what the United States is hiding now, but we do know what the United States has been opposed to. For a long time, the United States has opposed the establishment of the verification mechanism of the Biological Weapons Convention, which has led to the "toothless" international convention, and the United States can do whatever it wants without being censored.

　　Global Times launched a joint signature campaign in August last year.

　　Global Times: The U.S. government recently sent out confusing and contradictory information about the Ukrainian biological laboratory. What do you think the U.S. biological laboratory is doing in Ukraine? Why has the United States repeatedly rejected the request of the international community to investigate its overseas biological laboratories? What are they worried about or afraid of?

　　Jeffrey Kay: The United States needs to disclose relevant documents that can explain what these laboratories are doing. But the problem is, they won’t do it. I think the United States also needs to disclose the whole truth about the biological warfare program 70 or 80 years ago, because unless you understand the history and secrets of the biological warfare program in the United States and the relationship between the biological warfare program and the CIA and academia, you can really understand what these laboratories are doing. But now, all you hear in America is bad words about Russia, because Russia accuses the United States of using birds to spread biological pathogens. The United States has been planning to study the bird migration model and pathogens for a long time, especially in the 1960s and 1970s, and reported it to Fort Detrick as part of the biological warfare plan. What the United States needs to do now is to disclose all the files. We need to decrypt documents dating back to the end of World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War, so that we can understand what the United States has done in hundreds of biological laboratories. But they dare not do so because they are afraid that once they do so, it will be proved that the United States has violated the Biological Weapons Convention. As early as the late 1940s, the US government decided to keep all its ongoing biological weapons research highly confidential, and this confidentiality has continued to this day. I’m still trying to collect information, but I think a secret biological weapons project is going on.

　　"The United States has a dangerous tendency to use these weapons again."

　　Global Times: Let’s talk about Fort Detrick again. You once said, "Fort Detrick was and still is the research center of American biological warfare. As early as the 1950s, they cooperated closely with the CIA and established in Fort Detrick ‘ Special Operations Department ’ Specializing in the manufacture of biological weapons. " You have also noticed that many biological weapons researchers in Fort Detrick died suddenly after the U.S. military carried out the germ warfare in the Korean War, but the U.S. military never announced the investigation on this matter. Why do Americans keep silent about this?

　　Armed soldiers stand guard outside the US Army Institute of Infectious Diseases Medicine in Fort Detrick.

　　Jeffrey Kay: The American public is silent because they don’t really understand what happened in Fort Detrick. The American public is told lies, or they just don’t want to know — — It is the basic psychology of human beings to always believe that the government is good and has not done bad things or committed terrible crimes. This is a kind of blind obedience, which American culture has always encouraged. For many years, Fort Detrick has been the center of American biological warfare research. Other regions and places, such as the Dagway proving ground in Utah, are also related to the American biological weapons experimental program, and now these overseas laboratories are added. Everything in Fort Detrick is kept secret. This culture of secrecy has lasted for generations, and the whole American political culture is strengthening it, which is hard to break.

　　Exclusive interview with Global Times

　　Global Times: From the perspective of the Korean War, the germ warfare in the United States has been "hammered". With such a black history and the constant discovery of various evidences, how can the international community conduct an in-depth investigation of American biological laboratories around the world? What do you suggest?

　　Jeffrey Kay: First, we need to expose more information. If people don’t know the information, they won’t take action or put pressure on the US government. There is no reason to hide what happened decades ago, unless it would be embarrassing to expose the war crimes that happened at that time. All information related to the Korean War and the Vietnam War should be made public. Japan denies that the 731 troops used germ warfare, which is very bad. America is almost as bad. The United States (in the past) did not admit that it had used chemical and biological weapons, and for many years it has been covering up its alliance with the Japanese germ warfare forces. Therefore, we need to expose them and investigate these war crimes. As far as I know, China invited scientists to China in 1952 to investigate the use of bacteriological warfare by the United States in northeast China during the Korean War. They set up an international investigation team on bacteriological warfare, including famous scientists from all over the world. The investigation team was led by Joseph Needham, a famous British scientist. We need this level of authority to participate in the survey, so that the world can believe the results of the survey. What we need now is to ask the United States to disclose relevant information.

　　Exclusive interview with Global Times

　　Global Times: The United States used nuclear weapons against Japan in World War II, biological weapons in the Korean War and chemical weapons such as Agent Orange in the Vietnam War. It can be said that the United States is the only country that used these three weapons of mass destruction in actual combat. As a historian, how do you define these behaviors in the United States?

　　Jeffrey Kay: As far as modern and contemporary history is concerned, it is first known that Germany attacked enemy livestock, such as horses and sheep, with slugs and pathogens during World War I. Japan was the first country to use chemical and biological weapons against human beings on a large scale. From the late 1930s to the 1940s, Japan used bacteria as a weapon through the invasion of China by Japanese Army 731 and related military units. Later, the US government also used biological weapons during the Korean War. The United States has also been accused of using biological weapons in Cuba and East Germany.

　　Obviously, whether using biological weapons against North Korea, China, Cuba and other countries, or using chemical weapons against Vietnam, these are all crimes. Although I am mainly committed to exposing the crime of using biological weapons in the United States, other weapons are equally terrible and dangerous. The United States has shown a dangerous tendency to use these weapons, and many people in the world are worried that the United States will use them again.

　　American historian Jeffrey Kay

　　[Global Times reporter Yu Jincui] What did the Fort Detrick military base and more than 300 biological laboratories located in nearly 30 countries such as Ukraine do? Jeffrey Kay, an American historian, said in an exclusive interview with the Global Times reporter recently, "I think the United States is carrying out a secret biological weapons project." Jeffrey Kay has long devoted himself to studying the black history of American germ warfare in the Korean War. Before retiring, he opened a psychological clinic in San Francisco to help people who were abused by the CIA. He is the author of "The Cover-up of Guantá namo Bay", which exposes the evils of torture in the United States. He told reporters that the documents published by the United States in recent years have "really hammered" the use of biological weapons by the United States in the Korean War. Moreover, as the only country that has used nuclear weapons, chemical weapons and biological weapons in many wars, the United States still shows a dangerous tendency to continue to use related weapons, which worries the world. More importantly, the US government has been trying to cover up the truth, doing whatever it wants, and opposing the establishment of a verification mechanism in the Biological Weapons Convention. What the international community needs to do is to urge the United States to disclose more information and form an investigation team with high-level authorities.

　　"The U.S. military used biological weapons that were highly similar to the 731 troops of the Japanese invaders in the Korean War."

　　Global Times: You have long studied the historical data of the germ warfare carried out by the United States in the Korean War, and called the documents related to the germ warfare published by the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) "the last piece in the puzzle that can prove that the United States carried out the germ warfare." What did you find after consulting the declassified documents of the CIA? Why is there enough evidence to prove that the United States carried out germ warfare during the Korean War?

　　Jeffrey Kay: We can be 100% sure that the United States engaged in germ warfare during the Korean War. This is based on the evidence provided by hundreds of witnesses to different investigators over the years, the uncensored documents available to the US Department of Defense, the contact records between the Korean People’s Army and Chinese people’s Volunteer Army intercepted by the US during the Korean War, and some recent statements by officers of the US Air Force and Marine Corps about germ warfare.

　　In 2010, the 60th anniversary of the Korean War, the CIA decided to declassify some highly confidential documents. I found that there were more than 20 internal reports of the Chinese and North Korean armed forces that were hit by American germ warfare. These documents were intercepted by the US security department for translation and analysis. From these documents, I found that many Chinese and North Korean troops reported to their commanders that they were attacked by bacterial weapons, such as DDT was needed to help kill infected insects, the supply was destroyed, and attack force could not move because of biological weapons. These real-time contact records obtained by the United States prove the occurrence of bacterial attacks.

　　Global Times: Referring to the use of biological weapons by the United States during the Korean War, we would like to know why it was not until recent years that American war crimes were confirmed by documents decrypted by the CIA.

　　Jeffrey Kay: In the United States, a lot of information about the Korean War is confidential, and some of it has not been released yet. It was only recently that I was shocked to find that during the Cold War, from 1951 to 1965, the US Customs and other departments intercepted a large number of materials from the Soviet Union, China, North Korea and Eastern European countries, including the fact that the United States used biological weapons in the Korean War. However, the United States declared that "these are political propaganda of relevant countries" and destroyed the materials.

　　Global Times: At the end of World War II, the United States stepped up its efforts to improve bacterial weapons and hooked up with demons like the 731 troops of the Japanese invaders. The biological laboratory in Fort Detrick, USA, is inextricably linked with the 731 troops of the Japanese invaders. Shiro Ishii, the head of the heinous 731 troops, was a biological weapons consultant in Fort De. You think that the biological weapons used by the United States in the Korean War may be related to the Japanese Army Unit 731, and suggest that the international community should form an investigation team to investigate this. Why is it so difficult to push the investigation? Where is the resistance?

　　The Cover-up of Guantanamo by American historian Jeffrey Kay

　　Jeffrey Kay: The biological weapons used by the U.S. military in germ warfare are highly similar to those studied by the Japanese Army Unit 731. I don’t know if they are exactly the same, because many documents are confidential. But for anyone who knows this history, it is very possible that the two are related. The US Army Chemical Corps is mainly responsible for the US biological warfare plan. In an internal document in 1953, the Corps mentioned North Korea’s "limited war" and how to use biological weapons as a "temporary policy" in order to improve short-term combat effectiveness. I think these "temporary policy weapons" are the types of weapons adopted by Japanese 731 troops, such as feather bombs (infecting birds’ feathers with viruses) and insect weapons used in China. After the United States signed an agreement with Japanese Army 731 and Ishii Shiro, the Korean battlefield actually became a large-scale experimental site for the biological weapons heritage that the United States "inherited" from Japan.

　　As for why it is so difficult to promote the investigation of the United States, or why it is so difficult to make people interested in this matter, part of the reason is the legacy of the Cold War. The American government and other western governments are very hostile to anyone who exposes their crimes. We can look at what happened to julian assange. Assange exposed American war crimes in Iraq and Afghanistan, and ended up in a British prison today, struggling to refuse extradition to the United States. I don’t know how to explain it. This is shocking. To a great extent, the United States is like a totalitarian government that has infiltrated control into academia and the media. Some people worry that if they promote the information on the public use of biological weapons in the United States or call for an investigation, their careers will be ruined. So, they said nothing. People are afraid to take action. I have seen this scene many times, which is very sad.

　　"The United States dares not announce the truth about the global biological laboratory"

　　Global Times: In recent years, the international community has questioned the Fort Detrick biological laboratory in the United States and a large number of biological laboratories in the United States around the world, especially in the Russian periphery (CIS countries). Strange biological virus disasters have occurred in many countries such as Kazakhstan, and calls for the United States to make the truth of these laboratories public have come and gone. Does what the United States has done conform to the provisions of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)? Are you worried about the practice of the United States to set up more than 300 biological laboratories around the world?

　　Jeffrey Kay: Yes, many people are worried that the United States and possibly some other countries are violating the Biological Weapons Convention. There are many secrets in these laboratories — — After the escalation of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the relevant documents of Ukrainian laboratories were destroyed, taken away or removed. The U.S. government may say that their overseas biological laboratories are mainly to cooperate with other countries to monitor existing biological threats, including biological weapons attacks from nature and possibly from other countries. But in fact, everyone who has a deep understanding or even a little knowledge of the biological weapons programs of the United States and other countries knows that there is usually only a very fine line between whether the research is for the purpose of defense, such as monitoring biological pathogens, or for the purpose of attack. In fact, when I studied the Korean War, I found that more than one biological weapon research was confirmed under the banner of "defensive biological weapon research". As early as 1948, the chairman of the Advisory Committee of the US Army Chemical Corps once said: "The offensive application of using insects as a medium to deliver biological agents is called ‘ Control insects ’ The defensive research institute covers it up. "

　　We can’t say exactly what the United States is hiding now, but we do know what the United States has been opposed to. For a long time, the United States has opposed the establishment of the verification mechanism of the Biological Weapons Convention, which has led to the "toothless" international convention, and the United States can do whatever it wants without being censored.

　　Global Times launched a joint signature campaign in August last year.

　　Global Times: The U.S. government recently sent out confusing and contradictory information about the Ukrainian biological laboratory. What do you think the U.S. biological laboratory is doing in Ukraine? Why has the United States repeatedly rejected the request of the international community to investigate its overseas biological laboratories? What are they worried about or afraid of?

　　Jeffrey Kay: The United States needs to disclose relevant documents that can explain what these laboratories are doing. But the problem is, they won’t do it. I think the United States also needs to disclose the whole truth about the biological warfare program 70 or 80 years ago, because unless you understand the history and secrets of the biological warfare program in the United States and the relationship between the biological warfare program and the CIA and academia, you can really understand what these laboratories are doing. But now, all you hear in America is bad words about Russia, because Russia accuses the United States of using birds to spread biological pathogens. The United States has been planning to study the bird migration model and pathogens for a long time, especially in the 1960s and 1970s, and reported it to Fort Detrick as part of the biological warfare plan. What the United States needs to do now is to disclose all the files. We need to decrypt documents dating back to the end of World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War, so that we can understand what the United States has done in hundreds of biological laboratories. But they dare not do so because they are afraid that once they do so, it will be proved that the United States has violated the Biological Weapons Convention. As early as the late 1940s, the US government decided to keep all its ongoing biological weapons research highly confidential, and this confidentiality has continued to this day. I’m still trying to collect information, but I think a secret biological weapons project is going on.

　　"The United States has a dangerous tendency to use these weapons again."

　　Global Times: Let’s talk about Fort Detrick again. You once said, "Fort Detrick was and still is the research center of American biological warfare. As early as the 1950s, they cooperated closely with the CIA and established in Fort Detrick ‘ Special Operations Department ’ Specializing in the manufacture of biological weapons. " You have also noticed that many biological weapons researchers in Fort Detrick died suddenly after the U.S. military carried out the germ warfare in the Korean War, but the U.S. military never announced the investigation on this matter. Why do Americans keep silent about this?

　　Armed soldiers stand guard outside the US Army Institute of Infectious Diseases Medicine in Fort Detrick.

　　Jeffrey Kay: The American public is silent because they don’t really understand what happened in Fort Detrick. The American public is told lies, or they just don’t want to know — — It is the basic psychology of human beings to always believe that the government is good and has not done bad things or committed terrible crimes. This is a kind of blind obedience, which American culture has always encouraged. For many years, Fort Detrick has been the center of American biological warfare research. Other regions and places, such as the Dagway proving ground in Utah, are also related to the American biological weapons experimental program, and now these overseas laboratories are added. Everything in Fort Detrick is kept secret. This culture of secrecy has lasted for generations, and the whole American political culture is strengthening it, which is hard to break.

　　Exclusive interview with Global Times

　　Global Times: From the perspective of the Korean War, the germ warfare in the United States has been "hammered". With such a black history and the constant discovery of various evidences, how can the international community conduct an in-depth investigation of American biological laboratories around the world? What do you suggest?

　　Jeffrey Kay: First, we need to expose more information. If people don’t know the information, they won’t take action or put pressure on the US government. There is no reason to hide what happened decades ago, unless it would be embarrassing to expose the war crimes that happened at that time. All information related to the Korean War and the Vietnam War should be made public. Japan denies that the 731 troops used germ warfare, which is very bad. America is almost as bad. The United States (in the past) did not admit that it had used chemical and biological weapons, and for many years it has been covering up its alliance with the Japanese germ warfare forces. Therefore, we need to expose them and investigate these war crimes. As far as I know, China invited scientists to China in 1952 to investigate the use of bacteriological warfare by the United States in northeast China during the Korean War. They set up an international investigation team on bacteriological warfare, including famous scientists from all over the world. The investigation team was led by Joseph Needham, a famous British scientist. We need this level of authority to participate in the survey, so that the world can believe the results of the survey. What we need now is to ask the United States to disclose relevant information.

　　Exclusive interview with Global Times

　　Global Times: The United States used nuclear weapons against Japan in World War II, biological weapons in the Korean War and chemical weapons such as Agent Orange in the Vietnam War. It can be said that the United States is the only country that used these three weapons of mass destruction in actual combat. As a historian, how do you define these behaviors in the United States?

　　Jeffrey Kay: As far as modern and contemporary history is concerned, it is first known that Germany attacked enemy livestock, such as horses and sheep, with slugs and pathogens during World War I. Japan was the first country to use chemical and biological weapons against human beings on a large scale. From the late 1930s to the 1940s, Japan used bacteria as a weapon through the invasion of China by Japanese Army 731 and related military units. Later, the US government also used biological weapons during the Korean War. The United States has also been accused of using biological weapons in Cuba and East Germany.

　　Obviously, whether using biological weapons against North Korea, China, Cuba and other countries, or using chemical weapons against Vietnam, these are all crimes. Although I am mainly committed to exposing the crime of using biological weapons in the United States, other weapons are equally terrible and dangerous. The United States has shown a dangerous tendency to use these weapons, and many people in the world are worried that the United States will use them again.

　　On April 7th, the executive meeting of the State Council proposed a series of reform measures, such as setting up a comprehensive experimental zone in cross-border electronic commerce, supporting processing trade and holding the Canton Fair online, in order to actively cope with the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic and strive to stabilize the basic market of foreign trade and foreign investment. This is the fourth time that the central government has made arrangements for foreign investment and foreign trade since March.

　　At present, the global epidemic is spreading rapidly, which has brought great impact on the world economy and international trade and investment. As one of the "Troika" driving China’s economic growth, import and export trade is also facing this "big test". Stabilizing the basic foreign trade market is of great practical significance for China’s economic stabilization and recovery.

　　Based on this, the the State Council executive meeting put forward the policy of "combination boxing" to stabilize the basic foreign trade. For example, the 127th Canton Fair was held online in the middle and late June, and 46 cross-border e-commerce comprehensive experimental zones were newly established, and three policies were introduced to support processing trade enterprises to alleviate difficulties. This set of policy "combination boxing" reflects the governance thinking of marketization and Internet big data. It can be predicted that "internet plus" will play an important role in promoting China’s foreign trade innovation and development model.

　　The establishment of 46 new cross-border e-commerce comprehensive experimental zones will promote active innovation in foreign trade development in all regions, especially with the opportunity of setting up this reform experimental field, actively promote institutional innovation, management innovation and service innovation, and build a complete industrial chain and ecological circle in cross-border electronic commerce. It is necessary to expand the reform of the cross-border e-commerce comprehensive experimental zone, promote the development of more new formats and new modes of foreign trade, make local governments pay more attention to the data integration and sharing of various departments in opening up, effectively reduce the cost of trade transactions in goods and services in the cross-border e-commerce comprehensive experimental zone, and improve the level of facilitation.

　　The the State Council executive meeting decided to promote effective measures to promote the development of cross-border e-commerce. At the same time, it implemented support policies such as exempting the cross-border e-commerce retail export goods in the comprehensive test area from value-added tax and consumption tax, and approving the collection of corporate income tax. It studied the inclusion of qualified cities in the comprehensive test area in the pilot scope of cross-border e-commerce retail import, and supported enterprises to build and share overseas warehouses. This is a fiscal and taxation policy means to encourage enterprises to invest in the cross-border e-commerce comprehensive experimental zone, and it is also a concrete practice to make the market play a decisive role in the allocation of foreign trade resources. Cross-border e-commerce, as a product of the Internet age, has a unique advantage in foreign trade of the Internet. Through online transactions, unnecessary human contact can be reduced and the impact of the epidemic can be minimized; At the same time, in the case that traditional foreign trade has been hit hard, a large number of foreign trade transactions will be transferred from offline to online, and cross-border e-commerce will surely become the new focus of economic growth.

　　As the "China No.1 Exhibition" with the longest history, the largest scale and the largest number of buyers in China, it is of great significance for the Canton Fair to "move" online. This is not only the first time that the Canton Fair has been held entirely in the form of network, but also an attempt to continuously transform and develop the Canton Fair and create a "never-ending Canton Fair". At the same time, it is also a bold innovation for China’s foreign trade development mode based on exhibition platform. Although the offline Canton Fair still has many advantages, but now it has entered the Internet era, the combination of traditional exhibitions and the Internet is undoubtedly a trend. We should use the opportunity of holding the online Canton Fair to accumulate experience for holding more online exhibition platforms and development forums in the future. Of course, any traditional exhibition held online will face many challenges. How to guide exhibitors and buyers online, how to better serve Chinese and foreign merchants, and especially how to ensure the quality and reputation of online exhibitions, the relevant departments still need to seriously consider. (Certified tax accountant, Economic Daily-China Economic Net columnist Li Ning)