Notice on printing and distributing the forty-fifth batch of guiding cases in the Supreme People’s Procuratorate

People’s procuratorates of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, military procuratorates of the People’s Liberation Army, and people’s procuratorates of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps:

By the decision of the fifth meeting of the 14th Procuratorial Committee of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on May 26th, 2023, five cases (Inspection Case No.178-182), such as the second-instance protest case of crimes such as intentional injury by Wang and others, are now released as the 45th batch of guiding cases (the subject of criminal protest) for reference and application.

the Supreme People’s Procuratorate

June 25, 2023

The second instance protest case of Wang and others’ intentional injury and other crimes

(Inspection No.178)

[Keywords:]

Protest in second instance   Crime of evil forces   Coercing minors to commit crimes   Intentional injury to death   Review of compensation understanding agreement

【 gist 】

Procuratorial organs should strengthen special and priority protection for minors in handling cases, and severely punish those who commit crimes against minors with cruel means, bad circumstances and serious consequences. Coercing a minor to commit a drug crime, joining a criminal group of evil forces, and beating the minor to death by violent means are "extremely serious crimes" and the death penalty should be applied according to law. If the people’s court gives a lighter sentence on the grounds that the defendant and the injured party have reached an understanding agreement on compensation, the people’s procuratorate shall conduct a substantive review of the understanding agreement on compensation and comprehensively and accurately analyze whether the lenient punishment is appropriate. If an understanding of compensation is reached, but it is not enough for lenient punishment, the people’s procuratorate shall lodge a protest in accordance with the law, supervise and correct the wrong judgment, implement the principle of adapting the crime to punishment, and safeguard fairness and justice.

[Basic case]

Defendant Wang, male, born in March 1985, was unemployed and was sentenced to six months in prison for committing theft.

Defendant Long Mou, male, born in December 1989, is unemployed.

Defendant Wang Mouxiang, male, born in January 1963, is unemployed.

Defendant Mi Mouhua, female, born in October 1974, is unemployed.

The victim An Moujia, male, was born in March 2007 and died at the age of 11.

The victim An Mouyi, male, was born in May 2010 and is the younger brother of An Mouyi.

From the end of November 2017 to January 2019, in order to gain illegal benefits, Wang organized Longmou, Wang Mouxiang and Mi Mouhua to sell heroin 36 times in Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province, and allowed many people to take drugs in their rented houses. In June and July of 2018, in order to cover up the facts of drug crimes, Wang "adopted" his two sons An Moujia and An Mouyi on the condition of giving heroin worth 100 yuan to drug addicts Ji Mou, and controlled and coerced them to help them with drug trafficking, and also beat and abused them for a long time. Since August 2018, Wang has repeatedly forced An Mouyi to take heroin and other drugs in his rented house (after testing, morphine, monoacetylmorphine and methamphetamine were detected in An Mouyi’s hair samples, and An Mouyi’s left outer auricle was obviously deformed due to being beaten by Wang and others without timely treatment). Since November 2018, Wang arranged for Long to lead 8-year-old An Mouyi to sell drugs in Huashan, the eastern part of the city. Wang led 11-year-old An Moujia to buy drugs for sale and then "sporadic drug trafficking". Wang and others also have tools such as plastic pipes and electric batons for beating and controlling An Moujia and An Mouyi. From the evening of January 22, 2019 to the early morning of the next day, Wang learned from Longmou that An Moujia informed his mother Ji Mou about the drug trafficking of the gang, regardless of Wang Mouxiang’s dissuasion, and together with Long Mou burned cigarette butts in the rented house, using plastic pipes, electric batons and other tools to beat and shock An Moujia, and forced An Moujia to beat An Moujia, and also instructed Long Mou to force An Moujia to take drugs. On the morning of the 23 rd, An Moujia suffered from a large area of skin and soft tissue contusion.Hemorrhagic and traumatic shock death caused by subcutaneous hemorrhage. After the incident, Wang’s relatives reached a compensation agreement with Jimou, agreeing to compensate 100,000 yuan, paying 50,000 yuan in advance, and Jimou issued a letter of understanding, and the balance was paid before December 31, 2021. On December 5, 2019, Ji issued a letter of understanding after his family received 50,000 yuan.

On November 14, 2019, Panzhihua People’s Procuratorate filed a public prosecution, accusing the defendant Wang of intentional injury, drug trafficking, forcing others to take drugs, and hosts of others, and Wang and others constituted a criminal group of evil forces. On May 29, 2020, the Intermediate People’s Court of Panzhihua City held through trial that the criminal group of evil forces headed by the defendant Wang had repeatedly committed criminal activities of drug trafficking, intentional injury, sheltering others from taking drugs and forcing others to take drugs, which should be severely punished according to law. In particular, Wang was cruel in the crime of intentional injury and should have been severely punished. However, he considered that he had compensated the injured party for some economic losses and obtained an understanding, and was sentenced to death with a suspended sentence for intentional injury. Sentenced to 14 years in prison for drug trafficking and fined 50 thousand yuan; Sentenced to eight years in prison for forcing others to take drugs and fined 20 thousand yuan; Hosts of others was sentenced to three years’ imprisonment and fined 10,000 yuan. He was sentenced to death, suspended for two years, deprived of political rights for life, fined 80,000 yuan and restricted from commutation. The other three defendants were sentenced to five years to life imprisonment for intentional injury, drug trafficking and hosts of others. Defendants Wang, Long and Mi Mouhua refused to accept the judgment of the first instance and appealed.

[Procuratorial organ’s performance process]

(a) to put forward and support the protest

On June 7, 2020, Panzhihua City People’s Procuratorate lodged a protest with the Sichuan Higher People’s Court on the grounds of improper sentencing, and submitted it to the Sichuan Provincial People’s Procuratorate to support the protest. On August 21st of the same year, the People’s Procuratorate of Sichuan Province supported the protest.

During the review of the case, the People’s Procuratorate of Sichuan Province supplemented and improved some evidence around the key issues such as "whether the circumstances of compensation and understanding are enough to affect sentencing" and "whether Wang can be sentenced to death with a reprieve": First, re-examine the scene, review some witnesses and visit and investigate, focusing on the way and intensity of the injury behavior; The second is to ask witnesses to find out that the two victims were in good health and did not take drugs before being controlled by Wang and others; Third, in view of the fact that residents around the rented house were unwilling to testify because of panic during the first trial, they explained the law and collected and reinforced evidence of crimes committed by evil forces such as Wang and others who had beaten and abused two children for a long time and threatened to intimidate the surrounding people; The fourth is to verify the understanding of compensation, and find out that the defendant’s compensation is attached with the conditions that the injured party issues a letter of understanding, the court does not impose the death penalty, and the balance is paid after two years.

(two) the protest opinions and reasons

The procuratorate of Sichuan province believes that the court of first instance convicted the defendant Wang and others of drug-related crimes accurately and sentenced them appropriately; The behavior of intentional injury caused by Wang and others to the death of minors is accurate, but the sentencing is extremely light. According to the Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice on Severely Punishing Crimes Committed by Evil Forces by Minors in March 2020, the act of coercing minors who have not reached the age of criminal responsibility to join evil criminal groups should be severely cracked down and severely punished according to law. Defendant Wang, as the ringleader of the evil criminal group, has long controlled and used minors to sell drugs, and has beaten, abused and maimed minors to death. The criminal motive is despicable, the means are cruel, and the circumstances are bad. He is a criminal with "extremely serious crimes" and should be executed immediately according to law. The specific reasons are as follows:

1. The court of first instance sentenced Wang to death with a reprieve on the grounds that his relatives compensated him and obtained the understanding of the injured party, and the sentencing was obviously improper. First, the defendant’s "compensation" for the loss of the injured party is an obligation that he should perform according to law, and it is not a necessary condition for lenient punishment. Moreover, the "compensation" in this case is attached with the conditions that the victim’s relatives issue a letter of understanding, the court does not sentence the death penalty to be executed immediately, and the full amount will be paid two years later, which is not sincere repentance; Second, the victim’s mother, Jimou, is a drug addict. Just to collect heroin with the value of 100 yuan, she gave up her legal support obligation, handed over two young children to drug dealers for control and abuse, and ignored the scars of the two victims for a long time. The letter of understanding issued by Jimou as the subject of understanding is not enough to produce the legal consequences of lenient punishment; Third, the defendant Wang’s motive and purpose of "adopting" two children and intentionally hurting them is to control and coerce them to commit drug crimes. Even if a compensation understanding agreement is reached for such extremely serious crimes, it is not enough to produce the legal consequences of lenient punishment.

2. Comprehensive evaluation of the facts, circumstances and consequences of this case, the court of first instance sentenced Wang to an improper death sentence. First, the target of infringement is minors, who generally lack the ability of self-protection and are the targets of special protection by law. In this case, the defendant Wang coerced children to take drugs and drug trafficking, beat, abused and maimed two children and caused one death, and the crime target was special; Second, the criminal motive is despicable. Wang has long controlled and used the victim for drug trafficking, and he was angry at the victim for fear of the crime being exposed, and he was beaten for a long time and with high intensity; Third, the criminal means are cruel, especially when the victim is tortured for a long time and his body is getting weaker and weaker, the defendant also forces the victim to take drugs, which accelerates the death of the victim; Fourth, the social impact is extremely bad. In order to commit drug crimes, Wang and others have forced and driven children to commit drug crimes for a long time, forcing children to take drugs, causing a child to die, causing serious social consequences, and the criminal behavior is outrageous, seriously challenging the bottom line of social morality. Therefore, Wang’s behavior not only infringes on minors’ right to life and health, but also seriously disrupts social order, which is extremely harmful to society and extremely serious. At the same time, Wang has the ringleader of evil criminal groups, criminal record theft and other aggravating circumstances, and plays a major role in the crime of intentional injury. His subjective malignancy is extremely deep and his personal danger is extremely great, so he should be severely punished according to law.

(3) the result of the protest

On October 30, 2020, the Higher People’s Court of Sichuan Province made a second-instance judgment, adopted the protest opinions of the People’s Procuratorate, commuted Wang’s death penalty for intentional injury, and decided to execute the death penalty. In March 2021, the Supreme People’s Court ruled to approve the death penalty.

(4) Pay attention to the protection of minors.

In the process of handling cases, the procuratorial organs in Sichuan Province pay attention to the protection of minors involved in the case, and promote the whole society to protect minors in various ways to create a good social environment for the healthy growth of minors. The victims An Moujia and An Mouyi’s mother Jimou were sentenced and served in prison in August 2019 for drug trafficking. Their fathers were drug addicts and have been missing for many years. The Sichuan Provincial People’s Procuratorate actively promoted the local civil affairs department to identify the victim An Mouyi as "the fact that no one raised the child", changed the guardian to his grandfather, coordinated and solved the problems of household registration, enrollment and living allowance, provided psychological counseling, and entrusted a third party to supervise the judicial assistance funds. In view of the problems exposed in this case, such as urban housing rental supervision, key personnel management, street security inspection, etc., Panzhihua City People’s Procuratorate issued procuratorial suggestions to relevant departments, promoted the implementation of rectification, and strengthened the prevention and control of social security.

[Guiding significance]

(a) the procuratorial organs should make a substantive review of the "compensation understanding agreement" and accurately put forward sentencing suggestions.Compensation understanding is a common discretionary light punishment in criminal cases, and it is one of the factors to evaluate the defendant’s attitude of confession and repentance and personal danger. During the review, the main considerations should be as follows: First, the compensation understanding is "can" be given a lighter punishment, not "must" be given a lighter punishment, and the applicable premise is that the defendant pleads guilty and repents; Second, the compensation understanding should examine whether the social relations damaged by criminal acts have been repaired to a certain extent. In the case that the victim dies or cannot express his will independently, the compensation understanding agreement issued by the victim’s relatives should be strictly examined and comprehensively and accurately grasped; Third, crimes that seriously endanger social order and affect people’s sense of security must be comprehensively measured and evaluated appropriately and accurately in combination with the facts, nature and other circumstances of the crime. On this basis, the procuratorial organ should make a substantive review of the compensation understanding agreement, such as whether the subject of understanding is qualified, whether the understanding will be voluntary and true, whether the understanding content is legal, whether there are unreasonable conditions attached, etc., and comprehensively put forward sentencing suggestions accurately.

(2) The death penalty should be resolutely applied to crimes against minors with "extremely serious crimes".The death penalty is only applicable to a very small number of criminals who commit extremely serious crimes. According to the Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice on Punishing Crimes Committed by Evil Forces by Minors according to Law, we should severely crack down on and severely punish the acts of coercing minors who have not reached the age of criminal responsibility to join evil criminal groups according to law. The ringleaders of such evil criminal groups use minors to commit drug crimes, force minors to take drugs, and cause the death of the minors. The criminal means are cruel, the circumstances are bad, and the social harm is extremely serious. Therefore, the death penalty should be resolutely applied according to law.

(three) to strengthen the special and priority protection of minors, and severely punish crimes against minors according to law.Caring for the healthy growth of minors is the common responsibility of the whole society. In handling cases, procuratorial organs, on the one hand, should severely punish those who commit crimes against minors with cruel means, bad circumstances and serious consequences; On the other hand, we should pay attention to the protection of minors, promote comprehensive assistance to minors involved in the case through judicial assistance, psychological counseling, public interest litigation, and put forward procuratorial suggestions on social governance, and strive to create a good environment for the healthy growth of minors.

[Relevant regulations]

Articles 48 and 234 of the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC)

Articles 228, 232 and 236 of the Criminal Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (revised in 2018)

Articles 3 and 10 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Minors (revised in 2012) (now Articles 4 and 7 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Minors revised in 2020).

Articles 1 and 2 of the Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, Ministry of Public Security and Ministry of Justice on Severely Punishing Crimes Committed by Minors according to Law (implemented in March 2020).

Article 9 of the Guidelines for Criminal Protest Work of the People’s Procuratorate (implemented in 2018)

Procuratorate handling the case: Sichuan Provincial People’s Procuratorate　Panzhihua People’s Procuratorate of Sichuan Province

Prosecutor in charge: Feng Jian   Wang Xiaolan   Qin Lirong   Baihua

Case writer: Li Chunjin   li xiaoxia

Liu moumou’s second-instance protest against drug trafficking

(InspectionNo. 179th)

[Keywords:]

Protest in second instance   Crime of drug trafficking   The defendant pleaded not guilty   Eliminate reasonable doubt   Direct revision of sentence

【 gist 】

If the people’s court declares the defendant innocent on the grounds of "reasonable doubt", the people’s procuratorate believes that the evidence on file can form a complete chain of evidence, and the defendant’s innocence excuse is not confirmed by evidence, it shall lodge a protest. At the same time, if it is really necessary, it is necessary to supplement and improve the evidence and explain the "reasonable doubt" that the people’s court thinks exists, so as to accurately eliminate the "reasonable doubt" and fully support the protest opinions and reasons. The people’s procuratorate may suggest that the people’s court directly revise the sentence in accordance with the law if the protest case is not beyond the scope of prosecution and accusation after finding out the facts.

[Basic case]

Defendant Liu Moumou, female, born in June 1982, is unemployed.

On December 21, 2015, the public security organ received a report from Zhou, and seized 1 kg of methamphetamine in a tea bag on the pedal of the passenger seat of a vehicle driven by Liu Moumou near a residential area in Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province. One gold mobile phone was seized in the driver’s seat, one black mobile phone was seized in Liu’s hand, and one black wallet was seized in the passenger seat, including eight bank cards. Liu said that he runs a bird’s nest business, and the drugs in the car were left by a friend Zhou who just got off the bus. The next day, Liu was detained in criminal detention. Inquired by the public security organs, Zhou claimed that the drugs in the car were owned by Liu, and Liu asked him to help sell them. He lied to find the drug buyer in Liu’s vehicle and called the police after getting off the bus.

On September 22, 2016, the People’s Procuratorate of Panyu District, Guangzhou filed a public prosecution against Liu for the crime of illegal possession of drugs, and later changed the prosecution for the crime of drug trafficking. After three sessions, Panyu District People’s Court held that the defendant may be sentenced to more than life imprisonment and submitted to Guangzhou Intermediate People’s Court for jurisdiction. On July 4, 2017, the Guangzhou Municipal People’s Procuratorate filed a public prosecution against Liu for drug trafficking. After two sessions, Guangzhou Intermediate People’s Court held that although the drugs involved were found in the car of the defendant Liu Moumou, Zhou had just left the co-pilot seat of the vehicle involved before reporting, and the drugs were seized from the pedal of the co-pilot’s seat, which could not rule out Liu Moumou’s reasonable excuse that the drugs belonged to Zhou. Therefore, the fact that the procuratorate accused the defendant Liu of drug trafficking was unclear and the evidence was insufficient. On February 2, 2018, Liu was acquitted in the first instance.

[Procuratorial organ’s performance process]

(a) to put forward and support the protest

On February 12, 2018, the Guangzhou Municipal People’s Procuratorate filed a protest. On July 31 of the same year, the Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate supported the protest.

During the period of reviewing and supporting the protest, the People’s Procuratorate of Guangdong Province further supplemented and improved the relevant evidence around the focus of the dispute: First, it checked the relationship and economic exchanges between Liu and Zhou, and further found out that Zhou did not have the economic conditions to buy 1 kg of methamphetamine, and there was no motive to frame Liu; Second, by combing Liu’s social relations and five drug-related crimes, it is found that four drug trafficking cases, including Ling and Liu’s drug family, are both in Chen Mou, and Chen Mou’s identity information is also found. It was reported that the Supreme People’s Procuratorate coordinated the Ministry of Public Security and successfully captured Chen Mou. Subsequently, an investigation was conducted around Chen Mou, which confirmed that Chen Mou had never done bird’s nest business and was suspected of engaging in drug-related criminal activities for a long time. However, Liu’s mobile phone detained on file had 28 calls and 26 short messages with Chen Mou from December 5 to 21, 2015 before the incident.

(two) the protest opinions and reasons

The procuratorate of Guangdong Province believes that the court of first instance unilaterally accepted Liu’s unreasonable excuse when it found the ownership of the drugs involved in the vehicle driven by the defendant Liu, and then unreasonably suspected that the drugs were owned by the witness Zhou, and found that the evidence that Liu constituted the crime of drug trafficking did not form a complete proof system, and reasonable doubt could not be ruled out. Therefore, the judgment of declaring Liu innocent was indeed wrong. The problems and flaws in obtaining evidence in the investigation of this case have not cut off the evidence chain. Liu’s innocent plea is contradictory to other evidence in the case. The evidence in the whole case is enough to prove Liu’s subjective and objective behavior of selling drugs. The specific reasons are as follows:

1. "Reasonable doubt" is not reasonable. The defense of the defendant Liu Moumou obviously contradicts other evidence in the case, and it is indeed wrong for the people’s court to make an acquittal on the grounds of "reasonable doubt". Liu argued that he operated the bird’s nest business. He went to Shanwei to buy smuggled bird’s nest the day before the incident, but he could not verify and log in his Wechat business account, nor could he provide the contact information of offline Wechat business or customers. Liu moumou argued that his trading with Zhou was a bird’s nest, but the words of both sides were obscure. SMS and WeChat recorded a lot of jargon and slang suspected of drug trading, which was inconsistent with the trading habits of bird’s nest; Liu Moumou said that driving with "goods" for sale, but the "goods" in the car are only drugs without bird’s nest; Zhou did not have the economic conditions to buy 1 kg of methamphetamine, and Liu argued that drugs were owned by Zhou without other evidence. The problems existing in the investigation of this case and the changes of some testimonies do not affect the authenticity and objectivity of the evidence, and have not cut off the evidence chain of the whole case. Witness Zhou said in the report phone that she knew the reported person Liu Moumou, and she was unwilling to provide her personal information and identification for fear of being retaliated, and changed some testimonies in court during the trial, but she has been steadily stating the basic facts of this case, so we can’t deny the evidential effect of her testimony.

2. The evidence in the case is enough to prove that Liu has the subjective intention and objective behavior of selling drugs. Evidence such as WeChat voice, voiceprint identification, call list and bank transaction flow in the defendant Liu’s mobile phone, as well as traffic surveillance video screenshots of Liu’s driving to and from eastern Guangdong, submitted by the procuratorate when filing a public prosecution, are enough to confirm that Liu bought drugs from criminals in eastern Guangdong and prepared to sell them through Zhou on the day of the incident. From a large number of drug trade jargon and code words stored in Liu’s mobile phone, it can be seen that he has been engaged in drug trade for at least one year, and the day before the incident, others other than Zhou were preparing to buy drugs from Liu. Based on the original evidence, Chen Mou’s guilty confession, which was supplemented during the protest, and Zhou’s reasons for the change of some testimonies, it is enough to confirm the fact that the drug involved was bought from Chen Mou in Lufeng City and brought back to Guangzhou for sale before Liu’s murder.

It should be noted that this case has been heard in the third-level court for seven times, and the People’s Procuratorate has presented new evidence to Liu Moumou and his defenders before the trial, fully listened to the opinions of the defense, and fully guaranteed the litigation rights of the parties in accordance with the law. In view of the clear facts of this case and the true and sufficient evidence, the People’s Procuratorate of Guangdong Province suggested that the Provincial Higher People’s Court change the defendant’s guilt according to law.

(three) the results of the protest and the follow-up of the case

On June 7, 2019, the Guangdong Higher People’s Court made a final judgment according to law after trial, adopted the protest opinion and sentenced Liu to life imprisonment for drug trafficking.

After the verdict came into effect, Liu made an appointment with the prosecutor, pleaded guilty and repented, voluntarily admitted all the criminal facts accused by the people’s procuratorate, and named Chen Mou. On July 6, 2020, Chen Mou was sentenced to death by the Guangzhou Intermediate People’s Court for selling 22 kilograms of methamphetamine. Chen Mou did not appeal and was executed in March 2023. Four people, including Ling Mou, who bought 21 kilograms of methamphetamine from Chen Mou, were sentenced to death and life imprisonment by the Guangzhou Intermediate People’s Court for drug trafficking, and the judgment has come into effect.

[Guiding significance]

(a) the correct application of the rules of evidence to exclude reasonable doubt.Reasonable doubt refers to the doubt based on evidence, logic and empirical rules, that is, there is a realistic possibility that the defendant is innocent in a case. In handling criminal cases, we should comprehensively review the evidence of the whole case, consider all factors, exclude reasonable doubts about the facts identified and draw unique conclusions. The people’s procuratorate should carefully examine the reasons for the court’s acquittal according to the evidence of the case if the "reasonable doubt" is improperly applied to make the acquittal. If it is really necessary, it is necessary to supplement and improve the evidence in order to accurately eliminate "reasonable doubts" and fully support the protest opinions and reasons. In view of the defendant’s innocence defense, we should pay attention to whether the defense is reasonable and whether there is contradiction with the facts and evidence of the case. For the case that the witness changes his testimony, we should make a comprehensive judgment based on the reasons for the witness’s change, the witness’s previous testimony and the confirmation of other evidence in the case. After comprehensive review, if there is a "reasonable doubt" in the case, we should adhere to the principle of no doubt and make a conclusion of innocence according to law; If the defendant’s defense contradicts the evidence of the whole case, or it is not supported by objective evidence, and it is inconsistent with the rules of experience and logic, it should be considered as "reasonable doubt".

(two) for drug-related crime cases in which the perpetrator does not plead guilty, it is necessary to comprehensively judge the subjective "knowing" of the drug-related crime according to the evidence on file and the actual situation of the case.When handling a case, the people’s procuratorate judges whether the actor "knows or should know that the object of the act is drugs", and should comprehensively consider various objective and actual situations in the case, and make a comprehensive analysis and judgment based on the evidence of the process, behavior mode, situation and environment when the drug was seized, combined with the age, experience, intelligence and knowledge of the actor. And the factual basis used as the premise of the presumption that the actor "knows or should know that the object of the act is drugs" must be proved by conclusive evidence.

(3) The people’s procuratorate may suggest that the people’s court directly revise the sentence in accordance with the law if the protest case is not beyond the scope of prosecution and accusation after finding out the facts.According to Article 236 of the Criminal Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), if the facts of the original judgment are unclear or the evidence is insufficient, the people’s court of second instance may revise the judgment or send it back for retrial according to law after ascertaining the facts. In judicial practice, if the evidence supplemented by the people’s procuratorate after the protest is reinforced, the facts of the case are not beyond the scope of the prosecution, and the case has been tried many times, the relationship between the principle of litigation economy and the protection of human rights should be comprehensively considered, and it is suggested that the people’s court revise the judgment according to law after finding out the facts of the case.

[Relevant regulations]

Article 347 of the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC)

Articles 55, 228, 232 and 236 of the Criminal Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (revised in 2018).

Articles 582, 584 and 589 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure of the People’s Procuratorate (Trial) (implemented in January 2013) (now articles 583, 584 and 589 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure of the People’s Procuratorate implemented in 2019)

Procuratorate handling the case: Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate　People’s Procuratorate of Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province

Prosecutor in charge: He Xiongwei   Chen Shufen  

Case writer: He Xiongwei   I ring   Shelly

Li’s second-instance protest case of robbery, rape and forced indecency

(InspectionNo. 180th)

[Keywords:]

Protest in second instance   Examination and application of indirect evidence   Electronic data   Discover a new criminal fact   Supplementary prosecution

【 gist 】

For protest cases in which there are disputes about ascertaining the facts and applying the law, the people’s procuratorate should comprehensively collect, examine and judge and comprehensively use the evidence, make full use of technical means to collect electronic data, and pay attention to improving the evidence chain by using indirect evidence to ensure the accurate determination of the criminal facts and the application of the law. If the clues of missing crimes are found in the process of handling the protest case of the second instance, they shall be promptly transferred to the public security organ for investigation. If it is verified, it is suggested that the people’s court send it back for retrial, and the people’s procuratorate will supplement the prosecution on the new criminal facts to protect the defendant’s right to appeal according to law. The people’s procuratorate should strengthen the reverse examination, and find and improve the problems and deficiencies in the examination, arrest and prosecution by handling protest cases.

[Basic case]

Defendant Li, male, born in November 1986, is unemployed.

At about 16: 00 on June 26, 2016, the victim Rong reported to a police station in Heping Branch of Tianjin Public Security Bureau that Li had stolen his Alipay account of 4,000 yuan. After investigation, the public security organs found that Li met many women through online social platforms from March to June 2016. At 18 o’clock on June 24, 2016, Li met the victim Rongmou near a shopping mall. At 22 o’clock on the same day, he took him to the hotel room booked by Li, and then when Rongmou fell asleep, he used his fingerprint to unlock his mobile phone and steal RMB4,000 from Rongmou’s Alipay account. Li also used the same method to steal the victims from Yu, Chang, 500 yuan and 1000 yuan in the same hotel in March and May of the same year. On July 13, Li was arrested and brought to justice. On October 18, the public security organ transferred Li to the People’s Procuratorate of Heping District, Tianjin for review and prosecution on suspicion of theft.

On April 25, 2017, the People’s Procuratorate of Heping District, Tianjin filed a public prosecution against Li for robbery, accusing Li of meeting the victim Rong on June 24, 2016. During the meal, he put an unknown substance into the drink while he was unprepared, and took it to the hotel room at 22 o’clock that day. In the meantime, when Li Rong was asleep, he used his fingerprint to unlock, opened his mobile phone and transferred 4,000 yuan in his Alipay account to his Alipay account. Li also used the same method to rob the victims in 500 yuan and 1000 yuan in March and May of the same year.

On March 20, 2018, the People’s Court of Heping District of Tianjin made a first-instance judgment, and only found that Li secretly stole the criminal fact of the victim Rongmou of 4,000 yuan, and believed that Li was basically able to truthfully confess the criminal facts of theft, return the stolen money, and lightly sentence Li to one year and eleven months in prison and fined him 4,000 yuan.

[Procuratorial organ’s performance process]

(a) to put forward and support the protest

The People’s Procuratorate of Heping District, Tianjin believes that the first-instance judgment found that the defendant Li was guilty of theft because the facts were wrong, the applicable law was improper, and the sentence was extremely light. Li’s behavior met the constitutive requirements of robbery and should be recognized as robbery. On March 30, 2018, the People’s Procuratorate of Heping District of Tianjin filed a protest with the Tianjin No.1 Intermediate People’s Court and reported it to the No.1 Branch of Tianjin People’s Procuratorate to support the protest. On September 28, 2018, the first branch of Tianjin People’s Procuratorate supported the protest.

During the period of reviewing and supporting the protest, the First Branch of Tianjin People’s Procuratorate, in view of the differences between the prosecution and the law in the first instance, especially the view that the proof system constructed by indirect evidence can’t rule out reasonable doubt in the absence of direct evidence in this case, organized technical force to crack the encrypted partition of Li’s computer hard disk that had never been cracked in the first instance, and found that Li was also suspected of committing rape, forced indecency and other robbery crimes between 2013 and June 2016, so it was transferred to the public security organs for further investigation. Through a large number of indecent photos and videos, the identity information of 15 potential victims was determined, and then it was found that many women were raped, molested and photographed without knowing it. These victims don’t know each other, but they are basically similar to Li’s experience of communication and infringement, which fully proves that Li is in a state of "I don’t know how to resist, I can’t resist" after being given drugs. At the same time, change the investigation ideas and find ways and means for Li to obtain psychotropic drugs. By collecting the records of Li’s social security card, it was found that he prescribed psychotropic drugs on the grounds of insomnia, depression and epilepsy for many times, and collected evidence to confirm the objective fact that he had never suffered from mental diseases.

(two) the protest opinions and reasons

The Tianjin procuratorate believes that the court of first instance "cannot prove that the defendant Li put an unknown substance into the victim’s drink; It cannot be proved that there are unknown substances in the blood and urine of the victim that can cause coma; It cannot be proved that the victim was robbed of property in the state of "I don’t know how to resist and can’t resist"; It cannot be ruled out that there is a reasonable excuse for legitimate economic exchanges between Li and the victim, and the name of robbery accused by the procuratorate cannot be established. The key to distinguish theft from robbery in this case lies in whether the defendant uses other methods than violence or coercion to make the victim unable to resist and rob property. The evidence in the case can prove that the defendant Li constituted robbery rather than theft. Li used the usual means of putting drugs into coma in a premeditated and prepared way, and repeatedly committed robbery, rape and forced indecent assault. The specific reasons are as follows:

1. The evidence in the case can prove that the defendant Li put a drug that can cause coma in the drink. The hotel surveillance video, the victim’s statement and the witness’s testimony confirm each other, confirming that Li went out to buy drinks for the victim before or during the meal; Many defendants’ classmates, friends and inmates confirmed that Li had "shown off" the criminal facts of drugging people and having sex with them; The social security card purchase record and witness testimony confirmed that Li bought psychotropic drugs without suffering from related diseases.

2. The existing evidence can prove that there is no normal economic exchange between the victim and Li. Judging from the transfer amount, several victims confirmed that there was a contradiction between the transfer amount of Alipay and the AA consumption amount argued by Li; Judging from the transfer time, the victim’s certificate really doesn’t need cash during this period, and there is no need to exchange cash from Li after the transfer; Judging from the state at the time of transfer, many victims stated that they were dizzy and unconscious at that time, and then they were taken to a hotel or residence to fall asleep. During the transfer period, they were in a coma, and it was impossible to actively transfer money to Li, and some victims did not find out the fact that they had transferred money to Li until the public security personnel asked them.

3. The evidence on file has formed a complete chain of evidence. The victims are highly similar to the experiences and violations in the process of interacting with Li. After drinking the water or drinks provided by Li, they all went from dizziness to unconsciousness to complete coma, and the victims did not know each other. This special experience is no accident; Li’s mobile phone search browsing records confirmed that he had inquired many times about information such as "Is it suspected that there is no evidence to call the police?" "Is there monitoring on the fifth floor of a fashion plaza and the cinema?" "What is the performance of women being drugged?" After committing the crime, in order to avoid legal sanctions, Li also consulted a lawyer online on the legal consequences of "unauthorized Alipay transfer behavior" under the guise of the victim; Many victims confirmed that Li had persuaded the victim to change his mobile phone payment password to fingerprint payment during his interaction or when he met for dinner; The victim stated that he was in a coma at the time of the crime, which was consistent with the situation shown in the photos and videos on file, and mutually confirmed with the pharmacology and efficacy of drugs confirmed by expert opinions. It was nearly 48 hours when the victim Rong reported the case, and it was reasonable that no drug components were extracted from his body due to drug metabolism.

To sum up, the evidence in the whole case proves that the defendant Li met young women specially through the online social platform, and the target of the crime was not specific, and at the same time, he interacted with several victims. During the interaction, he persuaded the other party to change the screen saver of the mobile phone to unlock the fingerprint, and bought psychotropic drugs in advance, booked a hotel room, observed the payment method of the victim’s mobile phone after meeting, inquired about the payment password, put psychotropic drugs in the drink, and then took the unconscious victim to the hotel room after drinking the drink to commit the crime.

(3) remanding for retrial and supplementary prosecution

On September 29, 2018, Tianjin No.1 Intermediate People’s Court adopted the opinions of the procuratorate, ruled that the original judgment was revoked and sent back for retrial. On May 31, 2019, the People’s Procuratorate of Heping District of Tianjin filed a supplementary prosecution, accusing the defendant Li of robbing the victim’s Wu Mou bank card of 1,500 yuan by putting psychotropic substances in the drink from 2013 to 2016; Forced to have sex with four people, including Li Moumou, Liu Mou, Chang Mou and Yu Mou, and forced to defame Yang.

(four) the results of the protest and the follow-up situation.

On December 20, 2019, the People’s Court of Heping District, Tianjin adopted the protest opinions and accusation opinions of the People’s Procuratorate after trial, and found that the defendant Li was guilty of robbery, sentenced to 15 years in prison, deprived of political rights for two years, and fined 200,000 yuan; He was convicted of rape and sentenced to 15 years in prison and deprived of political rights for two years; He was convicted of compulsory indecency and sentenced to three years’ imprisonment. He was sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment, deprived of political rights for four years and fined 200,000 yuan. After the verdict was pronounced in the first instance, Li appealed. The second instance ruling of Tianjin No.1 Intermediate People’s Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the original judgment.

The first branch of Tianjin People’s Procuratorate issued procuratorial suggestions to the medical and health authorities according to the management loopholes of Li’s fraudulent purchase of psychotropic drugs, promoted the medical and health authorities to carry out special rectification of drug use management, and issued regulations on the management of psychotropic drugs; Communicate and negotiate with the Municipal Women’s Federation and invite professional psychological counselors from the Women’s Legal Psychological Help Center to provide psychological counseling to the victimized women; Focusing on the problems existing in the process of prosecuting and accusing crimes in this case, we will establish a review and prosecution reporting mechanism for major and complicated criminal cases and a consultation mechanism for criminal protest cases to further improve, standardize and improve the quality of handling cases and enhance the effectiveness of handling cases.

[Guiding significance]

(a) pay attention to the collection of objective evidence, including electronic data, make full use of indirect evidence, and integrate other evidence on file to form a complete chain of evidence to prove the facts of the case.For those who determine a crime by indirect evidence, it is necessary to comprehensively verify the evidence in the case, use evidence reasoning to conform to logic and experience, eliminate reasonable doubt according to the evidence, and form a complete chain of evidence in the whole case. For each piece of indirect evidence, we must confirm its authenticity and legality, fully explore the relevance between evidence and facts, and between evidence and evidence, and enhance the probative force of indirect evidence. In the process of collecting and fixing evidence, we should pay attention to collecting and using electronic data to prove crimes, so as to realize the efficiency of scientific and technological strong inspection in perfecting the evidence chain, prosecuting and accusing the crimes, and proving crimes.

(2) In the course of handling the protest case of second instance, if new criminal facts are discovered, the people’s procuratorate shall transfer them to the public security organ for investigation, and if it is verified, it is suggested that the people’s court send them back for retrial, and the people’s procuratorate shall make supplementary prosecution.In the process of protest in the second instance, if the people’s procuratorate finds that the facts of the original judgment are unclear and there are new criminal facts, it shall request the public security organ to investigate and transfer the case for prosecution. In order to fully protect the defendant’s right of appeal against the criminal facts of supplementary prosecution, the people’s procuratorate should suggest that the court of second instance rule to revoke the original judgment and send it back for retrial. After the investigation by the public security organ is completed and transferred for review and prosecution, the people’s procuratorate will make supplementary prosecution, so as to comprehensively, accurately and forcefully crack down on crimes and protect the defendant’s right of appeal according to law.

(three) in handling protest cases, we should strengthen the reverse examination, find and improve the problems and shortcomings in the work of arresting and prosecuting.Facts and evidence are the basis and premise of running every case well with high quality and efficiency. Some protest cases will expose the problems existing in the process of examination, arrest and prosecution, such as lax examination, lax control and poor proof. The people’s procuratorate should handle protest cases, strengthen the reverse examination, timely analyze and study the causes of these problems, improve, standardize and improve them, enhance the ability to handle cases and ensure the quality of handling cases.

[Relevant regulations]

Articles 236, 237, 263 and 264 of the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

Articles 228, 232 and 236 of the Criminal Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (revised in 2018)

Articles 368, 582, 584 and 589 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure of the People’s Procuratorate (Trial) (implemented in January 2013) (now articles 334, 583, 584 and 589 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure of the People’s Procuratorate implemented in 2019)

Articles 3 and 11 of the Provisions of the People’s Procuratorate on Procuratorial Suggestions (implemented in 2019)

Procuratorate handling the case: No.1 Branch of Tianjin People’s Procuratorate　Tianjin Heping District People’s Procuratorate

Prosecutor in charge: Qi Yingping   Chen Bo   Li Yanling  

Case writer: Du Guowei   Bai chunan   Lu Xu

Meng Moumou and others organized, led and participated in the underworld.Retrial protest case of crimes such as nature organization and trouble-seeking.

(InspectionNo. 181st)

[Keywords:]

Retrial protest   The ruling allows the withdrawal of the appeal   Self-investigation   Supplementary prosecution   Strengthen supervision and performance of duties

【 gist 】

If the defendant refuses to accept the judgment of first instance, and after the appeal expires, he applies to withdraw the appeal and the people’s court decides to allow it, if the people’s procuratorate thinks that the judgment of first instance is really wrong, the people’s procuratorate at the same level of the people’s court that made the decision to allow the withdrawal of the appeal has the right to lodge a protest in accordance with the procedure of trial supervision. After the protest, the people’s court ordered the case to be tried in accordance with the procedure of first instance. If the people’s procuratorate found that the original case omitted the criminal facts, it should supplement the prosecution; If it is found that the suspects in the same case are missing, they should be prosecuted additionally, and it is suggested that the people’s court should try the cases ordered for retrial together with the cases supplemented and prosecuted additionally, and punish several crimes concurrently. People’s procuratorates should strengthen supervision in handling cases, make full use of the combination of self-investigation and supplementary investigation by investigation organs (departments), strengthen the connection between investigation, prosecution and supervision, dig deep into the omission of crimes and offenders, promote the governance of the source of complaints, and continue to make supervision and handling cases thorough and practical.

[Basic case]

Defendant Meng Moumou, male, born in January 1971, is the owner of a sand mining field.

Defendant Zhang, male, born in October 1989, is unemployed and an active participant in Meng’s underworld criminal group.

The basic information of the remaining 10 defendants is brief.

From 2014 to May 2016, the defendant Meng Moumou and others rented other people’s fish ponds in the future sub-section of Weishan Lake waters (sand mining area, with sand mining license required) to dig the waterway privately, and used sand pump boats to illegally sand more than 290,000 tons, with a value of more than 8 million yuan; From November 2014 to May 2016, the defendant Meng Moumou and others opened an illegal sand mining area in Xiang Liu Zhuang section of Nansi Lake waters, knowing that the waters of Nansi Lake were prohibited by the state. The total amount of illegal sand mining was more than 230,000 tons, with a value of more than 7.49 million yuan.

On March 3, 2014, the defendant Meng Moumou and others prevented the law enforcement officers of the fishery station from seizing two barrels of diesel oil and some maintenance tools used for illegal sand mining on the sand mining boat, blocked the law enforcement vehicles in front and back with cars, verbally abused and threatened the law enforcement officers, and snatched the diesel oil and maintenance tools that were seized according to law. On April 3, 2014, the defendant Meng Moumou and others stopped the police car in the waters of Zhanglou, Weishan County, and threatened the law enforcement police with words. The whole process lasted for about 10 minutes. Later, Meng Moumou and others saw that the purpose could not be achieved and left. On March 12, 2015, the defendant Zhang and others drove a number of motorboats into a law enforcement patrol boat in the waters of Zhanglou, Weishan Lake, and quickly circled around the law enforcement boat, forming huge waves that prevented the law enforcement boat from approaching the sand mining boat. Zhang also drove a motorboat into the law enforcement boat, causing the law enforcement boat to enter the water and throwing stones and mud at the law enforcement boat.

On February 26, 2016, the defendants Meng Moumou and others drove speedboats to block Han Moumou and Li Moumou who were fishing in Zhanglou Lake in Weishan Lake waters, and beat them with bamboo poles on a mound on the lake, causing minor injuries to Han Moumou and Li Moumou.

On December 7, 2016, the People’s Procuratorate of Peixian County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province filed a public prosecution against 12 people, including Meng Moumou, for the crimes of illegal mining, obstruction of official duties and provocation. The Peixian People’s Court held that the crime of illegal mining accused by the procuratorate did not constitute a heavier provision for the forbidden mining area; Only one of the three crimes against official duties can be identified; If the nature of the crime of stirring up trouble is improper, it should be regarded as intentional injury. On June 26, 2017, the Peixian People’s Court sentenced 12 people, including Meng Moumou, to fixed-term imprisonment ranging from ten months to four years and ten months for crimes of illegal mining, obstruction of official duties and intentional injury. After the verdict was pronounced in the first instance, two defendants appealed and then applied to withdraw their appeals. On February 9, 2018, Xuzhou Intermediate People’s Court ruled that the appeal was allowed to be withdrawn, and the judgment of the first instance took effect from the date of delivery of the ruling.

[Procuratorial organ’s performance process]

(1) lodge a protest

When reviewing the ruling made by the people’s court at the same level, the Xuzhou Municipal People’s Procuratorate found that the original judgment was wrong in fact finding and law application, and the sentence was extremely light, and there were major clues of missing criminal facts and accomplices. On March 15, 2018, a protest was filed with the Xuzhou Intermediate People’s Court in accordance with the trial supervision procedure.

(two) the protest opinions and reasons

The Xuzhou Municipal People’s Procuratorate believes that the fact-finding and law application of the original judgment were wrong, and the sentencing was extremely light. The specific reasons are as follows:

1. The original judgment did not determine that the plot of the forbidden mining area was improper. According to law, the administrative organs declared Weishan Lake waters as a forbidden mining area, and carried out law enforcement inspections many times. In the same period, the effective judgments of many similar cases also identified the area as a forbidden mining area.

2. The original judgment did not find that some facts of the crime of obstructing official duties were improper. Witness testimony, law enforcement recorder and statements of law enforcement personnel can prove that Meng Moumou and others have repeatedly resisted law enforcement, rallied many people to threaten and insult law enforcement personnel, forced law enforcement vehicles to stop by car, destroyed law enforcement vessels, and robbed seized items, which led to the failure of law enforcement activities to proceed normally.

3. The original judgment changed the nature of seeking trouble. The victims Han Moumou and Li Moumou stated that when they went to the lake to catch fish on the day of the incident, they were surrounded and beaten by Meng Moumou and others, forced to kneel down and be videotaped. The containment and beating behavior of Meng Moumou and others cannot be regarded as intentional injury because of disputes between the two sides. Meng Moumou and others, in order to seek illegal interests or form illegal influence, organized illegal demarcation of sand mining in waters, chasing, intercepting and beating fishermen, causing minor injuries, seriously undermining social order, and the circumstances are bad, which should be considered as the crime of seeking trouble.

On September 21, 2018, Xuzhou Intermediate People’s Court ordered Pei County People’s Court to retry. On April 1, 2019, the Xuzhou Intermediate People’s Court ruled that the original judgment was revoked and the Yunlong District People’s Court was appointed to try the case in accordance with the procedure of first instance.

(3) Procuratorial organs conduct investigations on their own.

Xuzhou People’s Procuratorate organized a special force to collect related cases. After examination, it was found that there were more than 20 members of the illegal mining gang headed by Meng Moumou. Many cases have been examined and handled by the courts in Shandong and Jiangsu. In addition, many criminal facts and clues have not been verified, and there are still problems such as public officials’ shareholding in business. It is likely that it is a crime committed by underworld organizations in the field of natural resources, so self-investigation work has been carried out.

1. Visited 56 relevant witnesses such as administrative law enforcement personnel and surrounding people, and collected 32 pieces of evidence, such as notices prohibiting illegal sand mining, law enforcement videos of fishery administration departments, failure to effectively handle alarm records, injury identification, etc., which reinforced the evidence that Weishan Lake waters are prohibited from mining areas and Meng Moumou and others are obstructing official crimes.

2. Around the gang’s violent resistance to law enforcement, competition for sand mining areas, organizational structure level, and "umbrella" clues, it was verified that Meng Moumou and others used organizational power and influence to forcibly buy fishermen’s fish ponds, competed with other illegal sand mining forces for sites, gathered people to fight, wooed law enforcement officers and grassroots organizations, beat and abused villagers at will, and illegally fished aquatic products during the fishing ban.

3. Inform the public security organs of the case, supervise and put on record the criminal acts of Meng Moumou and others such as organizing, leading, participating in underworld organizations and bribing non-state staff, and request the investigation and transfer of the missing crimes such as illegal mining and trouble-making, involving a total of 16 missing offenders, 7 new charges and 18 new criminal facts.

4. Dig deep into duty crimes and transfer clues of violation of law and discipline to the Commission for Discipline Inspection.

(four) the results of the referee and the investigation of the clues of duty crimes.

In June 2019, the People’s Procuratorate of Yunlong District made supplementary and additional prosecutions against 28 people, including Meng Moumou, for allegedly organizing, leading and participating in underworld organizations, robbery, forced trading, affray, illegal fishing of aquatic products, bribery and bribery of non-state staff. On September 29, 2020, the Yunlong District People’s Court adopted the protest opinions and accusation opinions of the People’s Procuratorate, and sentenced the defendant Meng Moumou to 19 years’ imprisonment for organizing, leading and participating in organized crimes of underworld nature, robbery, illegal mining, forced trading, affray, provocation, obstruction of official duties, illegal fishing of aquatic products, bribery and bribery of non-state staff. After the verdict was pronounced in the first instance, Meng Moumou and others appealed. On March 15, 2021, Xuzhou Intermediate People’s Court ruled that the appeal was dismissed and the original judgment was upheld.

The organization’s "protective umbrella" Pei County Public Security Bureau’s former policemen Zhang and Zheng, and Pei County Land and Resources Bureau’s former head of the mine management department Li and other five people were sentenced to five years and six months to one year and six months respectively for accepting bribes and bending the law for selfish ends. In addition, 11 public officials were given disciplinary sanctions.

(five) to actively perform their duties according to law, and promote the source of litigation.

During the handling of the case, the People’s Procuratorate of Yunlong District filed a criminal incidental civil public interest lawsuit against Meng Moumou and others for illegal mining and illegal fishing of aquatic products. On April 6, 2021, Yunlong District People’s Court ruled that Meng Moumou and others should bear the ecological environment restoration cost of 4.51 million yuan. At the same time, in response to the grassroots governance problems reflected in the case, the Yunlong District People’s Procuratorate communicated with the Pei County People’s Procuratorate and issued procuratorial suggestions to promote government functional departments to carry out rectification from strengthening clean government education and grassroots organization construction; Pei County People’s Procuratorate led the public security, water conservancy, environmental protection, Nansihu Lower Lake Water Conservancy Administration and other units to jointly hold a "symposium on cracking down on environmental crimes and protecting Weishan Lake ecology", established a special struggle cooperation mechanism with Weishan County People’s Procuratorate of Shandong Province, and carried out Pei Wei’s "Nansihu Nature Reserve Ecological Environment Protection and Public Interest Litigation Special Activities" to promote comprehensive management around Weishan Lake by case handling.

[Guiding significance]

(1) If, after the court has ruled that the appeal is allowed to be withdrawn, the effective judgment of first instance is indeed wrong and a protest should be lodged, the people’s procuratorate at the same level of the people’s court that made the ruling has the right to lodge a protest in accordance with the procedure of trial supervision; After the court orders a retrial, if the people’s procuratorate finds that the crime has been omitted, it shall supplement the additional prosecution.According to "the Supreme People’s Court on the application"Interpretation of the Criminal Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), if the appeal is requested to be withdrawn after the expiration of the appeal period, after the court of second instance has made a ruling to allow the defendant to withdraw the appeal after examination, the judgment and ruling of first instance will take effect from the date when the ruling to allow the withdrawal of the appeal is served on the appellant. A legally effective judgment made by the court on a case is a judgment of first instance. If the people’s procuratorate at the next higher level thinks that the judgment is really wrong, it has the right to lodge a protest in accordance with the trial supervision procedure. After the protest, the people’s court ordered a retrial in accordance with the procedure of first instance, and if the people’s procuratorate found that the original case omitted criminal facts, it should supplement the prosecution; If it is found that the suspects in the same case are missing, they should be prosecuted additionally, and it is suggested that the people’s court should try the cases ordered for retrial together with the cases supplemented and prosecuted additionally, and punish several crimes concurrently.

(two) the procuratorial organs should strengthen the supervision consciousness, give full play to the supervision function, strengthen their own investigation, and actively guide the investigation and evidence collection.The people’s procuratorate shall, on the principle of necessity, appropriateness and effectiveness, carry out its own investigation on the clues of trial supervision of criminals who have different judgments and missed crimes in the same case. Flexible use of a variety of evidence collection methods, through on-the-spot investigation, collecting documentary evidence, visiting and questioning witnesses, etc., to enhance the experience of handling cases and improve the accusation evidence system; For cases with problems in facts and evidence, the procuratorial organ shall promptly return them to the investigation organ to carry out supplementary investigation, set out a detailed outline of supplementary investigation, and urge them to supplement and improve the evidence in time. Strengthen the cooperation between prosecutors and police and the connection between supervision and inspection, inform and judge the case, accurately list the supplementary investigation outline, fully communicate with investigators and investigators to verify the main points, dig deep into and thoroughly investigate the crimes and crimes, and comprehensively and accurately crack down on crimes.

(3) People’s procuratorates shall perform their duties in a dynamic and integrated way on a case-by-case basis, so as to promote the governance of the source of complaints.In the process of handling cases, people’s procuratorates should fully and thoroughly perform their legal supervision duties, strengthen the supervision of filing cases, investigation activities and trials, dig deep into missing crimes and offenders, supervise and correct wrong judgments, and punish them as crimes; It is necessary to strengthen the active performance of duties, extend the function of procuratorial handling cases to social governance, and promote the improvement of rules and regulations in related industries and fields by putting forward procuratorial suggestions, carrying out judicial assistance, doing a good job in popularizing the law, carrying out regional alliances, and cooperating with departments, and promoting the prevention and control at the source; For criminal acts in the field of environmental resources, we should combine our efforts, simultaneously file criminal incidental civil public interest litigation, help protect the ecological environment, achieve equal emphasis on "punishment" and "governance", and serve the overall situation of economic and social development.

[Relevant regulations]

Articles 277, 293 and 343rd of the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

Articles 113 and 254 of the Criminal Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (revised in 2018)

Article 308 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on the Application of the Criminal Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (implemented in January 2013) (now article 386 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on the Application of the Criminal Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), implemented in 2021).

Articles 3 and 11 of the Provisions of the People’s Procuratorate on Procuratorial Suggestions (implemented in 2019)

Procuratorate handling the case: Xuzhou People’s Procuratorate, Jiangsu Province　Pei County People’s Procuratorate, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province　Yunlong District People’s Procuratorate of Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province

Prosecutor in charge: Rao Bendong   Zhang defeng  

Case writer: Guilin Hu   Liang Xiaoyong

Song moumou’s protest case of dangerous driving in the second instance and retrial

(InspectionNo. 182nd)

[Keywords:]

Continue to protest   Crime of dangerous driving   Internal supervision and restriction of non-prosecution   Examination and judgment of judicial expertise

【 gist 】

The people’s procuratorate shall standardize the exercise of the right of no appeal in accordance with the law, strengthen the internal supervision and restriction of the decision of no appeal through filing and examination, and strive to improve the level of examination and prosecution and the quality of handling cases. When there are two or more judicial expertise opinions on the same specialized issue, and the conclusions are inconsistent, prosecutors should pay attention to the substantive review from the aspects of the compliance of the appraisal subject, the legality of the appraisal procedure, the scientificity of the appraisal method, the sufficiency of the appraisal materials and the rationality of the analysis and demonstration. In order to ensure the protest effect, the people’s procuratorate can further reinforce the evidence through its own investigation, fully support the opinions and reasons of the protest, and fully perform the duties of criminal trial supervision and safeguard judicial justice through continuous protest and continuous supervision.

[Basic case]

Defendant Song Moumou, male, born in February 1980, was a former clerk of a bureau in Haikou City, Hainan Province.

At 20: 22 on November 16, 2015, the defendant Song Moumou drove from west to east and turned right from Binhai Avenue in Haikou City into Changyi Road, and drove to the east gate of Changyi New Village to stop. Song Moumou got off the car and went to sleep on the sidewalk across the road. This process was seen by Zhang Moumou, an armed police soldier who was standing guard at the east gate of Changyi New Village. Zhang Moumou reported it to Wen Moumou, the platoon leader, and Chen Moumou, the squad leader. They immediately rushed to the scene to check. At that time, the urban management team patrolling the road called the police and the traffic police arrived at the scene to deal with it. After blood test, the alcohol concentration of Song’s blood sample was 213mg/100ml. At about 19: 40 on the same day, the victim Zhang was hit by a vehicle driving an electric car at the intersection of Chang ‘an Road, Binhai Avenue, Haikou City, and the vehicle escaped. After identification, the scattered objects at the scene of the accident were separated from the right side of the front car of Song Moumou, and it was confirmed that the right side of the front car collided with the rear tail of the electric car. The degree of injury of the victim Zhang was assessed as minor injury. On November 18th of the same year, Song Moumou was released on bail pending trial by Haikou Public Security Bureau on suspicion of dangerous driving. After the incident, Song’s wife, Wu Moumou, reached an agreement with the victim Zhang to compensate the victim for a one-time economic loss of 42,000 yuan. Zhang expressed his understanding to the owner.

After the investigation by the public security organs ended, on December 18th, 2015, Song was transferred to the People’s Procuratorate of xiuying district, Haikou for examination and prosecution on suspicion of dangerous driving. On June 3, 2016, the People’s Procuratorate of xiuying district decided not to prosecute Song because of unclear facts and insufficient evidence in this case, and reported it to the higher procuratorate of the Daily for filing and review. Haikou Municipal People’s Procuratorate reported to Hainan Provincial People’s Procuratorate after examination. After examination, the Hainan Provincial People’s Procuratorate found that the decision not to prosecute was wrong, and requested the xiuying district People’s Procuratorate to correct it. On March 23, 2017, the People’s Procuratorate of xiuying district revoked the original decision not to prosecute, and on the 29th of the same month, it prosecuted Song for dangerous driving. On September 28, 2017, the xiuying district People’s Court held that the facts of the prosecution’s accusation of Song’s crime of dangerous driving were unclear and the evidence was insufficient, and Song was acquitted.

[Procuratorial organ’s performance process]

(A) the first protest of second instance

On October 9, 2017, xiuying district People’s Procuratorate lodged a protest with Haikou Intermediate People’s Court. On November 18, 2017, Haikou Municipal People’s Procuratorate supported the protest.

In view of the court of first instance’s acquittal reason that "the evidence that the procuratorial organ proves that the vehicle involved was driven by Song Moumou is indirect evidence, which can’t form a complete chain of evidence, and the possibility that someone else was driving the vehicle in the meantime can’t be ruled out. Based on the existing evidence, reasonable doubt can’t be ruled out, and it’s difficult to draw a unique conclusion. The fact that the procuratorial organ accused the defendant of dangerous driving is unclear and the evidence is insufficient", Haikou City’s procuratorial organ believes that the court of first instance unilaterally accepted the defendant’s defense, which is indeed wrong, and the evidence on file is enough to prove that Song

1. There is sufficient evidence to prove that Song was the driver of the car at the time of the incident. The witness Zhang Moumou’s testimony in this case is objective and detailed, and the testimony has been consistent for many times, which can confirm that Song Moumou got off the car and there was only one person in the car at that time; The testimony of many witnesses, such as Wen Moumou, confirmed that Song Moumou was a drunk lying on the sidewalk beside the green belt; Documentary evidence such as the police’s journey, the arrival of the case and the "Road Traffic Accident Confirmation" also confirmed that Song Moumou was the driver of the car.

2. Song Moumou’s argument that the car is not his driving should not be accepted. Song argued that the car was driven by "Wei", but the identity information of "Wei" could not be verified, and his mobile phone number had been stopped. Song’s argument about how to know "Wei" and how they met and ate together by chance was inconsistent; Eyewitness Zhang Moumou confirmed that Song Moumou got off from the driver’s seat, and many witnesses confirmed that Song Moumou, who was drunk on the street, was unaccompanied and there was no one else in the car; Song Moumou confessed that he only drank a can of beer, but the blood alcohol concentration of Song Moumou was as high as 213mg/100ml nearly five hours after a can of beer. He was in a state of severe drunkenness and vomited a lot, which was unreasonable. Therefore, there is no other evidence to prove Song’s defense, and his defense reasons are beyond daily life experience, and the authenticity of the content is in doubt. Song’s defense should not be accepted.

At the same time, in order to fully explain the protest opinions and reasons, after the protest, the procuratorial organ extracted the surveillance video samples of the road section where the crime occurred and entrusted Guangdong Jiesite Audio-visual Data Judicial Appraisal Institute for appraisal. The appraisal opinion (hereinafter referred to as "Guangdong Jiesi Image Appraisal Opinion") is: "The surveillance video record sent for inspection: it appeared on’ Binhai Avenue-Changyi Road’ at 20: 20: 41 on November 16, 2015 and was monitored.

On December 28th, 2017, Haikou Intermediate People’s Court decided to send it back to xiuying district People’s Court for retrial. During the trial in xiuying district People’s Court, the defendant Song Moumou refused to accept the "Guangdong Jiesi Image Appraisal Opinion", and the xiuying district People’s Court entrusted the Judicial Appraisal Center of Southwest University of Political Science and Law and Guangdong Tianzheng Judicial Appraisal Center to re-identify the identity of the above video surveillance image with the defendant Song Moumou. On September 20 and 21, 2018, the Judicial Appraisal Center of Southwest University of Political Science and Law and Guangdong Tianzheng Judicial Appraisal Center made written opinions respectively, arguing that the faces of the samples were highly blurred and did not meet the requirements for video portrait appraisal. On December 4, 2018, the People’s Court of xiuying district held that there was insufficient evidence to prove that Song had committed the crime of dangerous driving, and reasonable doubt could not be ruled out, and Song was acquitted again.

(2) Protest in the second instance

On December 13, 2018, the People’s Procuratorate of xiuying district filed a protest for the second time. On May 17, 2019, Haikou Municipal People’s Procuratorate supported the protest.

In addition to the reasons put forward during the protest of the first trial, Haikou Municipal People’s Procuratorate put forward the following protest opinions and reasons:

1. It is improper for xiuying district People’s Court not to adopt the "Guangdong Jiesi Image Appraisal Opinion". The contents of "Guangdong Jiesi Image Appraisal Opinion" are objective and true, the appraisal procedure is legal, and the appraisal institution and appraiser are qualified, so it should be accepted as one of the evidences in this case. The first is to obtain the qualification certificates of the appraisal institutions and appraisers on file and the qualification certificates of two appraisers obtained by the investigation organs from the Guangdong Provincial Department of Justice, so as to confirm that the appraisal institutions and appraisers are qualified. Second, this appraisal opinion is not contradictory to the opinion of "it is a man" issued by the image appraisal center for the first time before, and it is issued according to different entrustment scope, but further confirms the facts of this case. And this evidence is only one of the evidences in this case, not the only one. Together with other evidences in the case, this evidence has reached a true and sufficient degree of proof and jointly proved the facts of this case. Third, the opinions of the Judicial Appraisal Center of Southwest University of Political Science and Law and the Judicial Appraisal Center of Guangdong Tianzheng, which were re-entrusted by the xiuying district People’s Court, that "the same sample cannot be appraised" cannot deny the objective truth of the "Guangdong Jiesi image appraisal opinion".

2. The Letter of Confirmation of Road Traffic Accidents and the Notice of Handling Road Traffic Safety Violations issued by the road traffic management department are an important part of the evidence chain of this case. It is determined that the accident occurred because Song was drunk driving a motor vehicle, escaped after the accident, and the party Zhang was driving an electric bicycle without driving in a non-motorized vehicle lane. Therefore, it is determined that Song was fully responsible for the accident. This evidence corroborates Zhang Moumou’s testimony, and it is also consistent with other evidences, forming a chain of evidence. It is obviously inappropriate for the first-instance judgment not to accept this.

After trial, Haikou Intermediate People’s Court held that the testimony of Zhang Moumou, a witness to prove the facts of this case, was not supported by other evidence, and reasonable doubt could not be ruled out. Both the Judicial Appraisal Center of Southwest University of Political Science and Law and Guangdong Tianzheng Judicial Appraisal Center decided that the same sample did not meet the requirements for portrait appraisal, while the same sample on which the "Yuejiesi Image Appraisal Opinion" was based made an identical conclusion. After comparison and demonstration, the "Yuejiesi Image Appraisal Opinion" lacked reliability. The original judgment found that the facts and applicable laws were correct, and accordingly it was found that the defendant Song was innocent and correct. On September 2, 2019, Haikou Intermediate People’s Court made a final ruling, dismissed the protest and upheld the original judgment.

(3) Retrial protest

On September 29, 2019, the Haikou Municipal People’s Procuratorate held that the original judgment was indeed wrong and requested the Hainan Provincial People’s Procuratorate to protest in accordance with the trial supervision procedure. On December 27, 2019, the People’s Procuratorate of Hainan Province lodged a protest with the Higher People’s Court of Hainan Province. During the protest, the prosecutor in charge newly discovered the image data captured by the road monitoring, and entrusted the Judicial Appraisal Center of Shanghai People’s Procuratorate to identify the identity of the car driver and the defendant Song Moumou in the original trial. The appraisal opinion once again confirmed that the style, color, hairline and nose features of the coat worn by the driver of the car on the night of the incident were similar or identical to those of the coat worn by Song Moumou when he was lying drunk and drawing blood. Comprehensive analysis of the original evidence and retrieval of the new evidence, the evidence in the whole case is more reliable and sufficient, and the evidence chain is more complete, completely excluding the possibility of others driving, and the unique conclusion of Song’s drunk driving can be drawn.

(4) the result of the protest

On June 7, 2021, the Higher People’s Court of Hainan Province adopted the protest opinion, ruled that the original judgment was revoked, and the defendant Song Moumou in the original trial was convicted of dangerous driving, sentenced to six months’ criminal detention and fined 20,000 yuan.

[Guiding significance]

(a) the people’s procuratorate shall standardize the exercise of the right of no appeal according to law, and strengthen the internal supervision and control of the decision not to sue.According to the Criminal Procedure Rules of the People’s Procuratorate, the people’s procuratorate at a higher level shall revoke or instruct the people’s procuratorate at a lower level to correct the wrong decision not to prosecute. If the people’s procuratorate at a lower level decides not to prosecute a case that is controversial and has great influence after examination, it shall timely file it with the people’s procuratorate at a higher level, and if the people’s procuratorate at a higher level finds that there is an error, it shall promptly correct it. In order to ensure the fairness of the decision not to prosecute, procuratorates at all levels should fully understand the importance of establishing and improving the filing and review system, find and correct the wrong decision in time, and hold a non-prosecution hearing in time if it is necessary to organize a hearing; Strengthen business guidance, and strive to improve the level of review and prosecution and the quality of handling cases through regular analysis, briefing and case summary.

(II) In handling protest cases, people’s procuratorates should fully perform their functions of legal supervision, insist on continuous protest and continuous supervision, ensure that the verdict of the case is fair, and reflect the procuratorial responsibility with the objective and fair handling of "small cases".Procuratorial organs should fully perform their legal supervision functions, and procuratorates at higher levels should strengthen the guidance on the protest work of procuratorates at lower levels, closely follow the protest key points, strictly control the protest standards, and form a joint force of supervision. If the court refuses to accept the correct protest opinions of the lower-level procuratorates, the higher-level procuratorates should provide strong support, continue to supervise with the lower-level procuratorates, and fight to the end, and ensure that the wrong judgments are supervised and corrected through the continuous supervision of the lower-level procuratorates. It is the basic requirement of the procuratorial organ’s objective and fair obligation to handle every "small case" with heart and affection, which shows the procuratorial responsibility and feelings for the people.

(three) to strengthen the substantive review of judicial expertise, to ensure the objectivity and scientificity of the review conclusions.If the people’s procuratorate finds that a case has two or more expert opinions on the same specialized issue, and the conclusions are inconsistent, it may, if necessary, decide to supplement the expert opinion or re-evaluate it according to law. It is necessary to strengthen the analysis, comparison and judgment of judicial expertise opinions, and conduct substantive review from the aspects of the compliance of the appraisal subject, the legality of the appraisal procedure, the scientificity of the appraisal method, the sufficiency of the appraisal materials and the rationality of the analysis and demonstration, and combine other factual evidence of the case to analyze and draw a scientific review conclusion.

[Relevant regulations]

One of the 133rd articles of the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC)

Articles 228, 232, 236 and 254 of the Criminal Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (revised in 2018)

Articles 425 and 591 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure of the People’s Procuratorate (Trial) (implemented in January 2013) (now articles 389 and 591 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure of the People’s Procuratorate implemented in 2019)

Procuratorate handling the case: Hainan Provincial People’s Procuratorate　Haikou People’s Procuratorate of Hainan Province　People’s Procuratorate of xiuying district, Haikou City, Hainan Province

Prosecutor in charge: Li Haihong   Fu Lei   Yang Bing   Li Xiaoshan  

Case writer: Fu Shaojing

　　American historian Jeffrey Kay

　　[Global Times reporter Yu Jincui] What did the Fort Detrick military base and more than 300 biological laboratories located in nearly 30 countries such as Ukraine do? Jeffrey Kay, an American historian, said in an exclusive interview with the Global Times reporter recently, "I think the United States is carrying out a secret biological weapons project." Jeffrey Kay has long devoted himself to studying the black history of American germ warfare in the Korean War. Before retiring, he opened a psychological clinic in San Francisco to help people who were abused by the CIA. He is the author of "The Cover-up of Guantá namo Bay", which exposes the evils of torture in the United States. He told reporters that the documents published by the United States in recent years have "really hammered" the use of biological weapons by the United States in the Korean War. Moreover, as the only country that has used nuclear weapons, chemical weapons and biological weapons in many wars, the United States still shows a dangerous tendency to continue to use related weapons, which worries the world. More importantly, the US government has been trying to cover up the truth, doing whatever it wants, and opposing the establishment of a verification mechanism in the Biological Weapons Convention. What the international community needs to do is to urge the United States to disclose more information and form an investigation team with high-level authorities.

　　"The U.S. military used biological weapons that were highly similar to the 731 troops of the Japanese invaders in the Korean War."

　　Global Times: You have long studied the historical data of the germ warfare carried out by the United States in the Korean War, and called the documents related to the germ warfare published by the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) "the last piece in the puzzle that can prove that the United States carried out the germ warfare." What did you find after consulting the declassified documents of the CIA? Why is there enough evidence to prove that the United States carried out germ warfare during the Korean War?

　　Jeffrey Kay: We can be 100% sure that the United States engaged in germ warfare during the Korean War. This is based on the evidence provided by hundreds of witnesses to different investigators over the years, the uncensored documents available to the US Department of Defense, the contact records between the Korean People’s Army and Chinese people’s Volunteer Army intercepted by the US during the Korean War, and some recent statements by officers of the US Air Force and Marine Corps about germ warfare.

　　In 2010, the 60th anniversary of the Korean War, the CIA decided to declassify some highly confidential documents. I found that there were more than 20 internal reports of the Chinese and North Korean armed forces that were hit by American germ warfare. These documents were intercepted by the US security department for translation and analysis. From these documents, I found that many Chinese and North Korean troops reported to their commanders that they were attacked by bacterial weapons, such as DDT was needed to help kill infected insects, the supply was destroyed, and attack force could not move because of biological weapons. These real-time contact records obtained by the United States prove the occurrence of bacterial attacks.

　　Global Times: Referring to the use of biological weapons by the United States during the Korean War, we would like to know why it was not until recent years that American war crimes were confirmed by documents decrypted by the CIA.

　　Jeffrey Kay: In the United States, a lot of information about the Korean War is confidential, and some of it has not been released yet. It was only recently that I was shocked to find that during the Cold War, from 1951 to 1965, the US Customs and other departments intercepted a large number of materials from the Soviet Union, China, North Korea and Eastern European countries, including the fact that the United States used biological weapons in the Korean War. However, the United States declared that "these are political propaganda of relevant countries" and destroyed the materials.

　　Global Times: At the end of World War II, the United States stepped up its efforts to improve bacterial weapons and hooked up with demons like the 731 troops of the Japanese invaders. The biological laboratory in Fort Detrick, USA, is inextricably linked with the 731 troops of the Japanese invaders. Shiro Ishii, the head of the heinous 731 troops, was a biological weapons consultant in Fort De. You think that the biological weapons used by the United States in the Korean War may be related to the Japanese Army Unit 731, and suggest that the international community should form an investigation team to investigate this. Why is it so difficult to push the investigation? Where is the resistance?

　　The Cover-up of Guantanamo by American historian Jeffrey Kay

　　Jeffrey Kay: The biological weapons used by the U.S. military in germ warfare are highly similar to those studied by the Japanese Army Unit 731. I don’t know if they are exactly the same, because many documents are confidential. But for anyone who knows this history, it is very possible that the two are related. The US Army Chemical Corps is mainly responsible for the US biological warfare plan. In an internal document in 1953, the Corps mentioned North Korea’s "limited war" and how to use biological weapons as a "temporary policy" in order to improve short-term combat effectiveness. I think these "temporary policy weapons" are the types of weapons adopted by Japanese 731 troops, such as feather bombs (infecting birds’ feathers with viruses) and insect weapons used in China. After the United States signed an agreement with Japanese Army 731 and Ishii Shiro, the Korean battlefield actually became a large-scale experimental site for the biological weapons heritage that the United States "inherited" from Japan.

　　As for why it is so difficult to promote the investigation of the United States, or why it is so difficult to make people interested in this matter, part of the reason is the legacy of the Cold War. The American government and other western governments are very hostile to anyone who exposes their crimes. We can look at what happened to julian assange. Assange exposed American war crimes in Iraq and Afghanistan, and ended up in a British prison today, struggling to refuse extradition to the United States. I don’t know how to explain it. This is shocking. To a great extent, the United States is like a totalitarian government that has infiltrated control into academia and the media. Some people worry that if they promote the information on the public use of biological weapons in the United States or call for an investigation, their careers will be ruined. So, they said nothing. People are afraid to take action. I have seen this scene many times, which is very sad.

　　"The United States dares not announce the truth about the global biological laboratory"

　　Global Times: In recent years, the international community has questioned the Fort Detrick biological laboratory in the United States and a large number of biological laboratories in the United States around the world, especially in the Russian periphery (CIS countries). Strange biological virus disasters have occurred in many countries such as Kazakhstan, and calls for the United States to make the truth of these laboratories public have come and gone. Does what the United States has done conform to the provisions of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)? Are you worried about the practice of the United States to set up more than 300 biological laboratories around the world?

　　Jeffrey Kay: Yes, many people are worried that the United States and possibly some other countries are violating the Biological Weapons Convention. There are many secrets in these laboratories — — After the escalation of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the relevant documents of Ukrainian laboratories were destroyed, taken away or removed. The U.S. government may say that their overseas biological laboratories are mainly to cooperate with other countries to monitor existing biological threats, including biological weapons attacks from nature and possibly from other countries. But in fact, everyone who has a deep understanding or even a little knowledge of the biological weapons programs of the United States and other countries knows that there is usually only a very fine line between whether the research is for the purpose of defense, such as monitoring biological pathogens, or for the purpose of attack. In fact, when I studied the Korean War, I found that more than one biological weapon research was confirmed under the banner of "defensive biological weapon research". As early as 1948, the chairman of the Advisory Committee of the US Army Chemical Corps once said: "The offensive application of using insects as a medium to deliver biological agents is called ‘ Control insects ’ The defensive research institute covers it up. "

　　We can’t say exactly what the United States is hiding now, but we do know what the United States has been opposed to. For a long time, the United States has opposed the establishment of the verification mechanism of the Biological Weapons Convention, which has led to the "toothless" international convention, and the United States can do whatever it wants without being censored.

　　Global Times launched a joint signature campaign in August last year.

　　Global Times: The U.S. government recently sent out confusing and contradictory information about the Ukrainian biological laboratory. What do you think the U.S. biological laboratory is doing in Ukraine? Why has the United States repeatedly rejected the request of the international community to investigate its overseas biological laboratories? What are they worried about or afraid of?

　　Jeffrey Kay: The United States needs to disclose relevant documents that can explain what these laboratories are doing. But the problem is, they won’t do it. I think the United States also needs to disclose the whole truth about the biological warfare program 70 or 80 years ago, because unless you understand the history and secrets of the biological warfare program in the United States and the relationship between the biological warfare program and the CIA and academia, you can really understand what these laboratories are doing. But now, all you hear in America is bad words about Russia, because Russia accuses the United States of using birds to spread biological pathogens. The United States has been planning to study the bird migration model and pathogens for a long time, especially in the 1960s and 1970s, and reported it to Fort Detrick as part of the biological warfare plan. What the United States needs to do now is to disclose all the files. We need to decrypt documents dating back to the end of World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War, so that we can understand what the United States has done in hundreds of biological laboratories. But they dare not do so because they are afraid that once they do so, it will be proved that the United States has violated the Biological Weapons Convention. As early as the late 1940s, the US government decided to keep all its ongoing biological weapons research highly confidential, and this confidentiality has continued to this day. I’m still trying to collect information, but I think a secret biological weapons project is going on.

　　"The United States has a dangerous tendency to use these weapons again."

　　Global Times: Let’s talk about Fort Detrick again. You once said, "Fort Detrick was and still is the research center of American biological warfare. As early as the 1950s, they cooperated closely with the CIA and established in Fort Detrick ‘ Special Operations Department ’ Specializing in the manufacture of biological weapons. " You have also noticed that many biological weapons researchers in Fort Detrick died suddenly after the U.S. military carried out the germ warfare in the Korean War, but the U.S. military never announced the investigation on this matter. Why do Americans keep silent about this?

　　Armed soldiers stand guard outside the US Army Institute of Infectious Diseases Medicine in Fort Detrick.

　　Jeffrey Kay: The American public is silent because they don’t really understand what happened in Fort Detrick. The American public is told lies, or they just don’t want to know — — It is the basic psychology of human beings to always believe that the government is good and has not done bad things or committed terrible crimes. This is a kind of blind obedience, which American culture has always encouraged. For many years, Fort Detrick has been the center of American biological warfare research. Other regions and places, such as the Dagway proving ground in Utah, are also related to the American biological weapons experimental program, and now these overseas laboratories are added. Everything in Fort Detrick is kept secret. This culture of secrecy has lasted for generations, and the whole American political culture is strengthening it, which is hard to break.

　　Exclusive interview with Global Times

　　Global Times: From the perspective of the Korean War, the germ warfare in the United States has been "hammered". With such a black history and the constant discovery of various evidences, how can the international community conduct an in-depth investigation of American biological laboratories around the world? What do you suggest?

　　Jeffrey Kay: First, we need to expose more information. If people don’t know the information, they won’t take action or put pressure on the US government. There is no reason to hide what happened decades ago, unless it would be embarrassing to expose the war crimes that happened at that time. All information related to the Korean War and the Vietnam War should be made public. Japan denies that the 731 troops used germ warfare, which is very bad. America is almost as bad. The United States (in the past) did not admit that it had used chemical and biological weapons, and for many years it has been covering up its alliance with the Japanese germ warfare forces. Therefore, we need to expose them and investigate these war crimes. As far as I know, China invited scientists to China in 1952 to investigate the use of bacteriological warfare by the United States in northeast China during the Korean War. They set up an international investigation team on bacteriological warfare, including famous scientists from all over the world. The investigation team was led by Joseph Needham, a famous British scientist. We need this level of authority to participate in the survey, so that the world can believe the results of the survey. What we need now is to ask the United States to disclose relevant information.

　　Exclusive interview with Global Times

　　Global Times: The United States used nuclear weapons against Japan in World War II, biological weapons in the Korean War and chemical weapons such as Agent Orange in the Vietnam War. It can be said that the United States is the only country that used these three weapons of mass destruction in actual combat. As a historian, how do you define these behaviors in the United States?

　　Jeffrey Kay: As far as modern and contemporary history is concerned, it is first known that Germany attacked enemy livestock, such as horses and sheep, with slugs and pathogens during World War I. Japan was the first country to use chemical and biological weapons against human beings on a large scale. From the late 1930s to the 1940s, Japan used bacteria as a weapon through the invasion of China by Japanese Army 731 and related military units. Later, the US government also used biological weapons during the Korean War. The United States has also been accused of using biological weapons in Cuba and East Germany.

　　Obviously, whether using biological weapons against North Korea, China, Cuba and other countries, or using chemical weapons against Vietnam, these are all crimes. Although I am mainly committed to exposing the crime of using biological weapons in the United States, other weapons are equally terrible and dangerous. The United States has shown a dangerous tendency to use these weapons, and many people in the world are worried that the United States will use them again.

　　American historian Jeffrey Kay

　　[Global Times reporter Yu Jincui] What did the Fort Detrick military base and more than 300 biological laboratories located in nearly 30 countries such as Ukraine do? Jeffrey Kay, an American historian, said in an exclusive interview with the Global Times reporter recently, "I think the United States is carrying out a secret biological weapons project." Jeffrey Kay has long devoted himself to studying the black history of American germ warfare in the Korean War. Before retiring, he opened a psychological clinic in San Francisco to help people who were abused by the CIA. He is the author of "The Cover-up of Guantá namo Bay", which exposes the evils of torture in the United States. He told reporters that the documents published by the United States in recent years have "really hammered" the use of biological weapons by the United States in the Korean War. Moreover, as the only country that has used nuclear weapons, chemical weapons and biological weapons in many wars, the United States still shows a dangerous tendency to continue to use related weapons, which worries the world. More importantly, the US government has been trying to cover up the truth, doing whatever it wants, and opposing the establishment of a verification mechanism in the Biological Weapons Convention. What the international community needs to do is to urge the United States to disclose more information and form an investigation team with high-level authorities.

　　"The U.S. military used biological weapons that were highly similar to the 731 troops of the Japanese invaders in the Korean War."

　　Global Times: You have long studied the historical data of the germ warfare carried out by the United States in the Korean War, and called the documents related to the germ warfare published by the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) "the last piece in the puzzle that can prove that the United States carried out the germ warfare." What did you find after consulting the declassified documents of the CIA? Why is there enough evidence to prove that the United States carried out germ warfare during the Korean War?

　　Jeffrey Kay: We can be 100% sure that the United States engaged in germ warfare during the Korean War. This is based on the evidence provided by hundreds of witnesses to different investigators over the years, the uncensored documents available to the US Department of Defense, the contact records between the Korean People’s Army and Chinese people’s Volunteer Army intercepted by the US during the Korean War, and some recent statements by officers of the US Air Force and Marine Corps about germ warfare.

　　In 2010, the 60th anniversary of the Korean War, the CIA decided to declassify some highly confidential documents. I found that there were more than 20 internal reports of the Chinese and North Korean armed forces that were hit by American germ warfare. These documents were intercepted by the US security department for translation and analysis. From these documents, I found that many Chinese and North Korean troops reported to their commanders that they were attacked by bacterial weapons, such as DDT was needed to help kill infected insects, the supply was destroyed, and attack force could not move because of biological weapons. These real-time contact records obtained by the United States prove the occurrence of bacterial attacks.

　　Global Times: Referring to the use of biological weapons by the United States during the Korean War, we would like to know why it was not until recent years that American war crimes were confirmed by documents decrypted by the CIA.

　　Jeffrey Kay: In the United States, a lot of information about the Korean War is confidential, and some of it has not been released yet. It was only recently that I was shocked to find that during the Cold War, from 1951 to 1965, the US Customs and other departments intercepted a large number of materials from the Soviet Union, China, North Korea and Eastern European countries, including the fact that the United States used biological weapons in the Korean War. However, the United States declared that "these are political propaganda of relevant countries" and destroyed the materials.

　　Global Times: At the end of World War II, the United States stepped up its efforts to improve bacterial weapons and hooked up with demons like the 731 troops of the Japanese invaders. The biological laboratory in Fort Detrick, USA, is inextricably linked with the 731 troops of the Japanese invaders. Shiro Ishii, the head of the heinous 731 troops, was a biological weapons consultant in Fort De. You think that the biological weapons used by the United States in the Korean War may be related to the Japanese Army Unit 731, and suggest that the international community should form an investigation team to investigate this. Why is it so difficult to push the investigation? Where is the resistance?

　　The Cover-up of Guantanamo by American historian Jeffrey Kay

　　Jeffrey Kay: The biological weapons used by the U.S. military in germ warfare are highly similar to those studied by the Japanese Army Unit 731. I don’t know if they are exactly the same, because many documents are confidential. But for anyone who knows this history, it is very possible that the two are related. The US Army Chemical Corps is mainly responsible for the US biological warfare plan. In an internal document in 1953, the Corps mentioned North Korea’s "limited war" and how to use biological weapons as a "temporary policy" in order to improve short-term combat effectiveness. I think these "temporary policy weapons" are the types of weapons adopted by Japanese 731 troops, such as feather bombs (infecting birds’ feathers with viruses) and insect weapons used in China. After the United States signed an agreement with Japanese Army 731 and Ishii Shiro, the Korean battlefield actually became a large-scale experimental site for the biological weapons heritage that the United States "inherited" from Japan.

　　As for why it is so difficult to promote the investigation of the United States, or why it is so difficult to make people interested in this matter, part of the reason is the legacy of the Cold War. The American government and other western governments are very hostile to anyone who exposes their crimes. We can look at what happened to julian assange. Assange exposed American war crimes in Iraq and Afghanistan, and ended up in a British prison today, struggling to refuse extradition to the United States. I don’t know how to explain it. This is shocking. To a great extent, the United States is like a totalitarian government that has infiltrated control into academia and the media. Some people worry that if they promote the information on the public use of biological weapons in the United States or call for an investigation, their careers will be ruined. So, they said nothing. People are afraid to take action. I have seen this scene many times, which is very sad.

　　"The United States dares not announce the truth about the global biological laboratory"

　　Global Times: In recent years, the international community has questioned the Fort Detrick biological laboratory in the United States and a large number of biological laboratories in the United States around the world, especially in the Russian periphery (CIS countries). Strange biological virus disasters have occurred in many countries such as Kazakhstan, and calls for the United States to make the truth of these laboratories public have come and gone. Does what the United States has done conform to the provisions of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)? Are you worried about the practice of the United States to set up more than 300 biological laboratories around the world?

　　Jeffrey Kay: Yes, many people are worried that the United States and possibly some other countries are violating the Biological Weapons Convention. There are many secrets in these laboratories — — After the escalation of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the relevant documents of Ukrainian laboratories were destroyed, taken away or removed. The U.S. government may say that their overseas biological laboratories are mainly to cooperate with other countries to monitor existing biological threats, including biological weapons attacks from nature and possibly from other countries. But in fact, everyone who has a deep understanding or even a little knowledge of the biological weapons programs of the United States and other countries knows that there is usually only a very fine line between whether the research is for the purpose of defense, such as monitoring biological pathogens, or for the purpose of attack. In fact, when I studied the Korean War, I found that more than one biological weapon research was confirmed under the banner of "defensive biological weapon research". As early as 1948, the chairman of the Advisory Committee of the US Army Chemical Corps once said: "The offensive application of using insects as a medium to deliver biological agents is called ‘ Control insects ’ The defensive research institute covers it up. "

　　We can’t say exactly what the United States is hiding now, but we do know what the United States has been opposed to. For a long time, the United States has opposed the establishment of the verification mechanism of the Biological Weapons Convention, which has led to the "toothless" international convention, and the United States can do whatever it wants without being censored.

　　Global Times launched a joint signature campaign in August last year.

　　Global Times: The U.S. government recently sent out confusing and contradictory information about the Ukrainian biological laboratory. What do you think the U.S. biological laboratory is doing in Ukraine? Why has the United States repeatedly rejected the request of the international community to investigate its overseas biological laboratories? What are they worried about or afraid of?

　　Jeffrey Kay: The United States needs to disclose relevant documents that can explain what these laboratories are doing. But the problem is, they won’t do it. I think the United States also needs to disclose the whole truth about the biological warfare program 70 or 80 years ago, because unless you understand the history and secrets of the biological warfare program in the United States and the relationship between the biological warfare program and the CIA and academia, you can really understand what these laboratories are doing. But now, all you hear in America is bad words about Russia, because Russia accuses the United States of using birds to spread biological pathogens. The United States has been planning to study the bird migration model and pathogens for a long time, especially in the 1960s and 1970s, and reported it to Fort Detrick as part of the biological warfare plan. What the United States needs to do now is to disclose all the files. We need to decrypt documents dating back to the end of World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War, so that we can understand what the United States has done in hundreds of biological laboratories. But they dare not do so because they are afraid that once they do so, it will be proved that the United States has violated the Biological Weapons Convention. As early as the late 1940s, the US government decided to keep all its ongoing biological weapons research highly confidential, and this confidentiality has continued to this day. I’m still trying to collect information, but I think a secret biological weapons project is going on.

　　"The United States has a dangerous tendency to use these weapons again."

　　Global Times: Let’s talk about Fort Detrick again. You once said, "Fort Detrick was and still is the research center of American biological warfare. As early as the 1950s, they cooperated closely with the CIA and established in Fort Detrick ‘ Special Operations Department ’ Specializing in the manufacture of biological weapons. " You have also noticed that many biological weapons researchers in Fort Detrick died suddenly after the U.S. military carried out the germ warfare in the Korean War, but the U.S. military never announced the investigation on this matter. Why do Americans keep silent about this?

　　Armed soldiers stand guard outside the US Army Institute of Infectious Diseases Medicine in Fort Detrick.

　　Jeffrey Kay: The American public is silent because they don’t really understand what happened in Fort Detrick. The American public is told lies, or they just don’t want to know — — It is the basic psychology of human beings to always believe that the government is good and has not done bad things or committed terrible crimes. This is a kind of blind obedience, which American culture has always encouraged. For many years, Fort Detrick has been the center of American biological warfare research. Other regions and places, such as the Dagway proving ground in Utah, are also related to the American biological weapons experimental program, and now these overseas laboratories are added. Everything in Fort Detrick is kept secret. This culture of secrecy has lasted for generations, and the whole American political culture is strengthening it, which is hard to break.

　　Exclusive interview with Global Times

　　Global Times: From the perspective of the Korean War, the germ warfare in the United States has been "hammered". With such a black history and the constant discovery of various evidences, how can the international community conduct an in-depth investigation of American biological laboratories around the world? What do you suggest?

　　Jeffrey Kay: First, we need to expose more information. If people don’t know the information, they won’t take action or put pressure on the US government. There is no reason to hide what happened decades ago, unless it would be embarrassing to expose the war crimes that happened at that time. All information related to the Korean War and the Vietnam War should be made public. Japan denies that the 731 troops used germ warfare, which is very bad. America is almost as bad. The United States (in the past) did not admit that it had used chemical and biological weapons, and for many years it has been covering up its alliance with the Japanese germ warfare forces. Therefore, we need to expose them and investigate these war crimes. As far as I know, China invited scientists to China in 1952 to investigate the use of bacteriological warfare by the United States in northeast China during the Korean War. They set up an international investigation team on bacteriological warfare, including famous scientists from all over the world. The investigation team was led by Joseph Needham, a famous British scientist. We need this level of authority to participate in the survey, so that the world can believe the results of the survey. What we need now is to ask the United States to disclose relevant information.

　　Exclusive interview with Global Times

　　Global Times: The United States used nuclear weapons against Japan in World War II, biological weapons in the Korean War and chemical weapons such as Agent Orange in the Vietnam War. It can be said that the United States is the only country that used these three weapons of mass destruction in actual combat. As a historian, how do you define these behaviors in the United States?

　　Jeffrey Kay: As far as modern and contemporary history is concerned, it is first known that Germany attacked enemy livestock, such as horses and sheep, with slugs and pathogens during World War I. Japan was the first country to use chemical and biological weapons against human beings on a large scale. From the late 1930s to the 1940s, Japan used bacteria as a weapon through the invasion of China by Japanese Army 731 and related military units. Later, the US government also used biological weapons during the Korean War. The United States has also been accused of using biological weapons in Cuba and East Germany.

　　Obviously, whether using biological weapons against North Korea, China, Cuba and other countries, or using chemical weapons against Vietnam, these are all crimes. Although I am mainly committed to exposing the crime of using biological weapons in the United States, other weapons are equally terrible and dangerous. The United States has shown a dangerous tendency to use these weapons, and many people in the world are worried that the United States will use them again.

Recently, the sudden death of a 34-year-old graduate student has sparked heated discussions. Originally, I graduated in half a month, but I didn’t expect to fall in the study room in the early morning and never get up again. ……

The family members of the deceased once voiced that they had checked and confirmed that there was a heart problem in May this year, and the examination result was "arrhythmia of coronary heart disease".

While lamenting the fragility of life, we must understand the preciousness of life, pay attention to our health, and our own health problems must not be ignored. This small series and everyone popularize coronary heart disease, including how to prevent coronary heart disease and first aid in emergencies.

# Talk about health on Thursday

9: 00 a.m. on January 20th.

Health lecture hall on the first floor of 5G medical ward building in the First Hospital of Medical University

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a heart disease caused by myocardial ischemia and hypoxia caused by the blockage of blood vessels (coronary arteries) supplying heart nutrition by atherosclerotic plaque (or thrombus).

Coronary heart disease is prone to:

1, middle-aged and elderly people, smokers, hypertensive patients, diabetic patients, obese people.

2. Bad lifestyles include smoking, unreasonable diet (high fat, high calorie, etc.), lack of physical activity, excessive drinking, and social and psychological factors.

3. Irreversible risk factors are: gender, age and family history. In addition, it is related to infection, such as cytomegalovirus, chlamydia pneumoniae and helicobacter pylori.

4. The onset of coronary heart disease is often related to seasonal changes, emotional excitement, increased physical activity, satiety, heavy smoking and drinking.

What are the common symptoms of coronary heart disease?

There is pain behind the sternum or in the precordial area, which sometimes involves the shoulder, the inside of the left arm, the fingers and the pharynx;

Pain can be manifested as burning, soreness, tightness or feeling of oppression;

Pain is induced by intense emotional fluctuation, strong physical activity, full meal and cold.

Pain can generally be relieved in 3-5 minutes;

If the attack is frequent and lasts for a long time, you should be alert to "acute myocardial infarction" and seek medical advice as soon as possible;

Some patients have no obvious discomfort.

How to prevent and treat it?

1. Patients with coronary heart disease should have a low-fat diet, exercise properly and maintain emotional stability in their daily lives.

(1) usually drink warm water;

② Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, and pay attention to a low-salt, low-sugar and low-fat diet;

③ Don’t smoke and drink, pay attention to rest, and don’t stay up late;

④ Exercise properly every day, control your weight, relax your stress and maintain a happy mood;

⑤ Once accompanied by hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, long-term medication control is needed.

2. Women are over 60 years old and men are over 55 years old. It is recommended that patients take low-dose aspirin regularly. The treatment methods of different patients are different, so it is necessary to adopt correct methods for symptomatic treatment. Please follow the doctor’s advice for drug use and treatment.

Once coronary heart disease occurs, how to give first aid?

1. First of all, stop activities and have a rest immediately.

2. Unbutton the buttons while evacuating the onlookers to ensure adequate oxygen supply.

3. Use spare emergency medicine in time, and call 120 emergency number at the same time. Never move the patient at will.

Nitroglycerin is the first choice for first aid of coronary heart disease? Or quick-acting rescue pills?

Nitroglycerin should be the first choice for acute angina pectoris.

When nitroglycerin is ineffective, quick-acting jiuxin pills can be used.

When nitroglycerin is contraindicated or intolerant, quick-acting Jiuxin Pills can be used.

# Tips

Nitroglycerin must be taken sublingually; Must be taken in a sitting position; Take it continuously for up to three times; Change the medicine in time. Nitroglycerin must be stored in a cool place, and it will be invalid for 3-6 months after opening the bottle cap. Borneol in Suxiao Jiuxin Pills is easy to volatilize.

Yang Zhiyu, five subjects in the heart

week

four

word

healthy

healthy

Current expert

Yang Zhiyu

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University

Chief physician, master tutor

He studied pacing electrophysiology, heart failure and difficult and severe heart disease in Peking University People’s Hospital and Beijing Fuwai Hospital successively.

　

Audit/Title: Wang Jing and Han Xu.

Text: Yang Zhiyu

Finishing/Editing: Liu Danyang

Image source: Network

Build and share the health of the whole people

Read the original text

　　　　Zotye bought out Fiat’s four vehicle platforms as early as around 2008, among which Dream Bolandi, which is currently on sale, was the first to be listed. However, this car belongs to a wide-body single-compartment model. Although it uses a car chassis, the sedan can be regarded as a "complete" car for Chinese, while the Zotye version of Lancia Alipula, which appeared in the catalogue at the beginning of last year, was delayed and finally disappeared until this year’s Beijing.

Zotye Langlang hatchback

Zotyelang Series 1.3L Catalogue

　　　　Although JNJ7131 is a brand-new catalog number, at present, only Zotye 5008 is able to assemble a 1.3L engine under Zotye. Obviously, this small SUV model can’t be included in the car system and registered with the passenger car number with the prefix "7", and the weight of Dream Blondie obviously can’t be promoted by the 1.3L model. As for Zotye Lipra, it has been more than a year since the catalog appeared, and the signs of listing are still invisible. The only one that can match the 1.3L is Lang Jun, who made his debut at this year’s Beijing Auto Show. Moreover, the information disclosed by Lang Jun at the auto show also indicates that its powertrain will mainly be 1.3L. However, the latest information shows that Zotye plans to launch its newly-released Lang Lang sedan on the market first, and its identity is Lang Jun’s hatchback version, so the hatchback version of Lang Jun may appear in this catalogue, not Lang Jun..

　　　　
Zotyelang Series 1.3L Catalogue

　　　In terms of power, Zotye has made long-term preparations. Both the 1.3L and 1.6L engines have been fully verified on Zotye 5008. It will abandon Mitsubishi 4G1 engine and match its own RN413EF engine. Of course, this machine, like most self-owned brands, takes the existing mature foreign products as the main reference object, with a displacement of 1342mL, a power of 65Kw/6000rpm and a torque of 115 nm.

Langjun sedan

　　　　Lang Lang is a new hatchback small car built by Zotye Automobile. Its shape design is very sporty. The new car has a length/width/height of 3826/1610/1446mm and a wheelbase of 2385mm respectively. However, it is believed that most people feel deja vu. Yes, it is also one of the models traded between Zotye and Fiat a few years ago. Its prototype is Pyrio. Although it has undergone moderate "plastic surgery", its structure has not changed much. The main focus of improvement is to focus on the "Pyrio" of the front face, and at the same time, the interior has been greatly improved.

Langjun sedan

　　　　When it comes to Lang Lang, you have to mention Lang Jun, who appeared at the Beijing Auto Show. Although there is no detailed information about Lang Jun, the whole model is not unfamiliar, and it is very similar to the Pailang sedan produced by Nanqi.

Zotye Langlang data map

Zotye Langlang data map

　　　　As for the market prospect, it depends on Zotye’s final pricing. The estimated pre-sale price of 50,000 yuan is obviously too high. We should know that its biggest disadvantage is that there are too many competitors besides its brand awareness. At present, it can be compared with Geely Freedom Ship, Chery A1, Qiyun 1, Jianghuai Tongyue, Great Wall Dazzling, Shanghai GM New Sail and many other models with similar sizes, which are only similar in size. In the price range of 50,000 yuan, almost all the self-owned brand models have entered, and the higher-level Qiyun 3, FRV, F3, etc. are the heavyweight rivals that Zotye can’t compete with, and the starting price below 50,000 yuan is the only way out for it to open the market.

　

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1. Zotye Edition is 6-by-1.3L in the catalogue?

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　　　 Extended reading:The declaration map of Zhongtailang series hatchbacks listed during the year was exposed.

　　　 The "Lang" series sedan released by Zotye Automobile Company at the Beijing Auto Show recently exposed the declaration map of the "Lang" series hatchback on the Internet, which means that this new car will be mass-produced and listed in the near future.

　
　"Lang" series hatchback version declaration drawing

　　　　When this car was exhibited at the Beijing Auto Show, it attracted many people’s attention because its front face design looked like the front face of Golf 6.

　"Lang" series hatchback version declaration drawing

　　　　In terms of power, the three models of Zotye "Lang" series will be equipped with 1.3-liter, 1.5-liter and 1.6-liter engines, with a 5-speed manual gearbox and a CVT gearbox.

Zotye Sanxiang Langjun

　　　　In terms of configuration, the "Lang" series of new cars will be equipped with leather seats, multi-function steering wheel, automatic air conditioning, remote control windows, remote control keys, 6-disc CD audio system supporting MP3, etc.

Zotye Sanxiang Langjun

　　　　It is reported that the "Lang" series of sedan products, the Langjun model is expected to go on sale this year, and this new car based on Palio has not yet been officially named. Zotye will publicly sign its name to riders all over the country through the Internet, and strive to go public this year.

　　　　Editor’s comment:Based on the design of Palio and Siena, this new car has undergone a new interpretation, which makes us look forward to the first family car produced by Zotye.

　

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2. Zotye Golf will be listed within 6 years.

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The administrative offices of the Union, the Municipal People’s Government, the commissions, offices, departments and bureaus of the autonomous region, and major enterprises and institutions:

With the consent of the people’s government of the autonomous region, the Emergency Plan for Plague Control in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2020 Edition) is hereby issued to you, please conscientiously implement it according to the actual situation.

June 28, 2020

(This piece is publicly released)

Emergency plan for plague control in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

(2020 edition)

1 general rule

1.1 Purpose of compilation

Effectively prevent, respond quickly, control the outbreak and epidemic of plague in time, eliminate the harm of plague in time, protect people’s health and life safety, and maintain social, political and economic stability.

1.2 Compilation basis

People’s Republic of China (PRC) Infectious Disease Prevention Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Emergency Response Law, Public Health Emergency Regulations, Domestic Traffic Health Quarantine Regulations, National Plague Control Emergency Plan, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Endemic Disease Prevention Regulations, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Emergency Measures for Public Health Emergencies, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Overall Emergency Plan for Public Health Emergencies, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Emergency Plan for Public Health Emergencies, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Medical and Health Rescue Plan for Public Emergencies and other relevant plans.

1.3 working principles

Taking people’s health as the center, adhere to the principles of prevention first, combining prevention with control, scientific response, prevention and control according to law, cooperation of government leaders and departments, territorial management, graded responsibility, social participation, mass prevention and control, rapid response and strong guarantee.

1.4 Scope of application

This plan is applicable to the emergency preparation and emergency disposal of plague epidemic in the administrative area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

1.5 Classification of plague epidemic situation

According to the location, disease type, number of cases, epidemic scope and trend, and the degree of harm to society, plague epidemics are divided into particularly serious plague epidemics (Grade I), major plague epidemics (Grade II), major plague epidemics (Grade III), general plague epidemics (Grade IV) and animal plague epidemics (Grade V).

1.5.1 particularly serious plague epidemic (Grade I)

One of the following circumstances is a particularly serious plague epidemic (level I):

(1) Pneumonic plague occurs in large and medium-sized cities and tends to spread;

(2) The associated pneumonic plague epidemic has spread to more than two provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and there is a trend of further spread;

(3) The loss of virulent strain of Yersinia pestis occurred.

1.5.2 Major plague epidemic (Grade II)

One of the following circumstances is a major plague epidemic (Grade II):

(1) cases of pneumonic plague occurred in Hohhot or the seat of Baotou municipal government, and there was a tendency to spread;

(2) More than 5 cases of pneumonic plague or septicemic plague occurred within an average incubation period (6 days, the same below) within the administrative area of a county (city, district);

(3) The associated pneumonic plague epidemic spread to more than two counties (cities, districts), and there is a trend of further spread;

(4) An epidemic of bubonic plague occurred in the administrative area of one county (city, district), and more than 20 cases occurred continuously in one average incubation period, or the epidemic scope spread to more than two allied cities.

1.5.3 Large plague epidemic (Grade III)

One of the following circumstances is a large plague epidemic (Grade III):

(1) The cases of pneumonic plague occurred in the seat of the municipal government of the Union except Hohhot and Baotou, and there was a tendency to spread;

(2) In the administrative area of a county (city, district), there are 1-4 cases of pneumonic plague or septicemia plague in an average incubation period;

(3) An epidemic of bubonic plague occurred in the administrative area of one flag county (city, district), with 10-19 consecutive cases within an average incubation period, or the epidemic scope spread to more than two flag counties (cities, districts).

1.5.4 General plague epidemic (Grade IV)

One of the following circumstances is the general plague epidemic (level IV):

(1) an animal plague epidemic occurred within 25km around the city where the Union municipal government is located;

(2) bubonic plague occurred in the administrative area of a county (city, district), and the number of cases in an average incubation period was 1-9.

1.5.5 Plague epidemic situation among animals (level V)

One of the following circumstances is the plague epidemic among animals (level V):

(1) Detection of Yersinia pestis from host animals or vector fleas;

(2) The nucleic acid in the host animal or vector flea is positive, and the antigen is positive at the same time;

(3) According to the provisions of the Criterion of Natural Plague Focuses and Animal Plague Epidemic (GB 16883—1997), the positive antibody was detected by indirect hemagglutination test, and reached the criterion of animal plague epidemic;

(4) Indirect hemagglutination test antibody positive serum was detected in unknown plague foci during the search of epidemic foci.

2 Organization and management

2.1 Organization

The people’s governments at all levels lead the plague prevention and control work in their respective administrative areas, and the principal responsible persons of the government should personally take the lead, shoulder their responsibilities, stick to their posts, and take effective measures to resolutely curb the spread of the epidemic. The relevant departments of the people’s governments at all levels shall be responsible for the work related to the prevention and control of plague and emergency response within the scope of their respective duties, and form a joint prevention and control work pattern.

2.1.1 plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region.

In accordance with the responsibilities and the provisions of this plan, the people’s government of the autonomous region is responsible for organizing, leading, coordinating and directing the emergency response to the plague epidemic in the whole region. When a particularly serious plague epidemic occurred, the people’s government of the autonomous region established the plague emergency headquarters of the autonomous region according to the actual needs of emergency response work, with the vice-chairman of the people’s government of the autonomous region in charge of health and health work as the commander-in-chief of plague emergency headquarters of the autonomous region, and the deputy secretary-general of the people’s government of the autonomous region or the deputy director of the general office of the people’s government of the autonomous region and the director of the health and health commission of the autonomous region as the deputy commander-in-chief. The plague emergency headquarters Office of the Autonomous Region is located in the Health and Health Commission of the Autonomous Region. The director of the office is concurrently the deputy director of the Health and Health Commission of the Autonomous Region, and the members are the responsible persons of the member units. According to the actual situation, the commander-in-chief, deputy commander-in-chief and member units of plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region can be adjusted. When necessary, the headquarters can be centralized.

The members of the headquarters include: the Propaganda Department of the Party Committee of the Autonomous Region, the Internet Information Office, the Foreign Affairs Office, the General Office of the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region, the Health and Wellness Commission, the Development and Reform Commission, the Education Department, the Science and Technology Department, the Public Security Department, the Finance Department, the Civil Affairs Department, the Ecological Environment Department, the Transportation Department, the Industry and Information Technology Department, the Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department, the Commerce Department, the Culture and Tourism Department, the Emergency Management Department, the Market Supervision Bureau, the Forestry and Grass Bureau, the Medical Insurance Bureau,

2.1.2 Union City and counties (cities, districts) plague emergency headquarters.

It is composed of the people’s government at the corresponding level and relevant departments, with the main leaders of the people’s government at the corresponding level as the chief commander, and the leaders of the government in charge of health, forestry, public security, transportation and other work as the deputy chief commander. The member units of the headquarters refer to the members of plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region.

2.2 Division of responsibilities

2.2.1 responsibilities of plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region.

Responsible for the unified leadership and unified command of emergency response to particularly serious and major plague epidemics, make major decisions on handling plague epidemics, implement prevention and control funds and coordinate material support, and formulate epidemic prevention and control strategies in accordance with national requirements; Determine designated medical and health institutions, set up various prevention and control expert groups at the autonomous region level, and provide technical support for prevention and control work; To carry out supervision and inspection of prevention and control work; Responsible for the release of plague epidemic information in the whole region.

The division of responsibilities of each member unit is as follows:

The Propaganda Department of the Party Committee of the Autonomous Region and the Information Office: In accordance with the unified deployment of plague epidemic control, do a good job in publicity and reporting on epidemic disposal, correctly guide public opinion, strengthen supervision and guidance on online information release, and investigate and deal with illegal information according to law. Actively carry out the propaganda and popularization of plague prevention knowledge, and raise public awareness of epidemic prevention and health care.

The Foreign Affairs Office of the Party Committee of the Autonomous Region: Assist the functional departments to do a good job in foreign-related affairs related to plague emergency response, help solve the concerns of overseas media and other institutions on the epidemic situation, and assist in receiving the inspection of international organizations.

General Office of the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region: convey the requirements of the leaders of the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region on the disposal of plague epidemic, and coordinate relevant departments to do relevant work.

Autonomous Region Health and Wellness Committee: responsible for organizing the formulation of plague prevention and control technical plans, organizing the implementation of plague emergency medical treatment and various prevention and control measures, and inspecting and supervising related work; Responsible for the technical guidance of sanitary treatment in epidemic areas and make a comprehensive assessment of the epidemic situation; According to the needs of plague prevention and control work, put forward suggestions on isolating and blocking plague epidemic areas according to law; Publish information on plague epidemic situation according to law; Organize patriotic health campaigns and health education.

Autonomous Region Development and Reform Commission: cooperate with the Autonomous Region Health and Wellness Commission to formulate the development plan for plague control; Support and cooperate with relevant departments to provide drugs and equipment for emergency epidemic treatment to epidemic areas, and timely organize the transportation of materials necessary for people’s production and life in epidemic areas.

Education Department of the Autonomous Region: To publicize and educate students and teaching staff about plague prevention and control.

Science and Technology Department of the Autonomous Region: Strengthen the construction of scientific and technological innovation platform for plague prevention and control, and increase support for key technologies for plague prevention and control.

Public security department of the autonomous region: assist in sealing off plague epidemic areas and strengthen public security management and security work in epidemic areas.

Autonomous Region Department of Finance: Make arrangements for plague prevention and control and emergency funds and timely allocate them, and strengthen fund management and supervision.

Civil Affairs Department of the Autonomous Region: Provide basic living assistance to plague patients who meet the conditions for assistance.

Department of Industry and Information Technology of the Autonomous Region: Cooperate with the Health and Health Commission of the Autonomous Region and the Food and Material Reserve Bureau to organize qualified industrial enterprises in the autonomous region to produce medicines, medical devices, protective and disinfection supplies and other materials needed for epidemic prevention. When the production capacity in the autonomous region cannot meet the demand, timely coordinate the enterprises with production capacity to build or change production, and ensure the material reserves in the whole region and the material needs necessary for the production and life of the people in the affected areas; Cooperate with Inner Mongolia Communication Administration to ensure communication.

Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department of the Autonomous Region: responsible for animal plague epidemic prevention and animal epidemic prevention supervision of livestock in plague-stricken areas, taking rodent control measures in agricultural areas to reduce rodent density.

Department of Commerce of the Autonomous Region: responsible for the emergency supply of important daily necessities in epidemic areas.

Department of Culture and Tourism of the Autonomous Region: Organize the whole tourism industry to do a good job in the prevention and emergency response of plague epidemic; Do a good job in the publicity and education of the basic knowledge of plague prevention and control in tourism professionals, especially in grassland tourism professionals and tourists, actively publicize and popularize the "three noes and three reports" of plague prevention and control, and effectively improve the self-prevention awareness and ability of the above people.

The Department of Transportation of the Autonomous Region, China Railway Hohhot Bureau Group Co., Ltd. and Civil Aviation Inner Mongolia Safety Supervision Bureau are responsible for the traffic health and quarantine work within their respective responsibilities in accordance with the Domestic Traffic Health and Quarantine Regulations and its implementation methods, and give priority to the transportation of plague epidemic handlers, medical equipment and related materials.

Hohhot Customs and Manzhouli Customs: When frontier health and quarantine is involved, it shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and its implementing rules; Strengthen port health quarantine. When there is a human plague epidemic, it is necessary to carry out port temperature monitoring and medical inspection, and do a good job in epidemic report, environmental disinfection and health education.

Autonomous Region Market Supervision Bureau: Strengthen market supervision and severely punish units and individuals that illegally purchase, sell and process plague host wild animals and their products in bazaars; Guide the market promoters and relevant animal products operators in the market to do a good job in self-discipline management.

Forestry and Grass Bureau of the Autonomous Region: responsible for monitoring the abnormal situation of terrestrial wild animals in epidemic areas, and assisting in the isolation of the epidemic areas when the plague epidemic occurs; Take rodent control measures in grassland areas to reduce the density of rodents.

Autonomous Region Medical Insurance Bureau: formulate policies, plans, standards and organize the implementation of medical insurance and medical assistance for plague epidemic prevention and control.

Security Bureau of Inner Mongolia Military Region and Inner Mongolia Armed Police Corps: Complete the task of handling the plague epidemic in the camp, and assist and support the local authorities to do a good job in epidemic control.

Aiwei Association of the Autonomous Region: responsible for carrying out protective rodent and flea control in cities, mobilizing the masses to carry out extensive actions of cleaning homes and environmental sanitation, strengthening the control of vectors, and doing a good job in urban and rural garbage management and toilet and sewage treatment.

Autonomous Region Red Cross Society: According to the needs of plague prevention and control emergency work, special fund-raising and humanitarian relief activities can be carried out; Give full play to the role of volunteers, assist relevant departments to carry out extensive publicity and popularization of plague prevention knowledge in enterprises, communities, villages and schools, and raise public awareness of self-protection.

Other relevant departments shall, according to the responsibilities of their own departments and the needs of plague emergency treatment, organize and do a good job in emergency material reserve, market supervision, pollution diffusion control and related work assigned by plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region.

2.2.2 Duties of the plague emergency headquarters in Union City and counties (cities, districts).

Responsible for the coordination and command of the emergency treatment of plague epidemic in this administrative area, make decisions on the treatment of plague epidemic in this administrative area, and decide on major measures to be taken. The relevant departments refer to the responsibilities of the member units of plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region, and do a good job in the emergency work of plague prevention and control.

2.2.3 Responsibilities of health administrative departments at all levels

Strengthen coordination and cooperation with relevant departments, establish inter-departmental information communication and fixed liaison system, communicate and negotiate with relevant departments in a timely manner, and form a joint prevention and control mechanism involving multiple departments.

The responsibilities of the Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of 2.2.1.

The administrative department of health of each Union city and counties (cities, districts) is responsible for directing, coordinating and managing the prevention and control of plague within their respective administrative areas; Formulate the plague emergency plan according to the local conditions; Implement prevention and control funds and organize emergency response to plague epidemic; Organize plague emergency training, drills and emergency prevention and control material reserves; Responsible for determining the designated medical institutions and doing a good job in the treatment of patients; Carry out supervision and inspection and health education; Organize patriotic health campaigns, etc.

2.2.4 Responsibilities of disease prevention and control institutions at all levels (professional institutions for plague prevention and control)

Responsible for the monitoring of plague epidemic situation, do a good job in collecting, reporting and analyzing epidemic information, and provide a basis for early warning. Do a good job in the monitoring of animal plague, and promptly give early warning after discovering the epidemic situation among animals, and deal with the epidemic spots in time; When a human epidemic occurs, formulate an epidemiological investigation plan and a technical plan for epidemic control; Carry out follow-up investigation on plague patients, suspected patients and their close contacts; Investigate and analyze the incidence and distribution characteristics of the population; Find out the source and route of infection, and put forward and implement targeted prevention and control measures; Timely report the situation to the health administrative department at the same level and the disease prevention and control institutions at higher levels (professional institutions for plague prevention and control). Conduct laboratory tests on plague samples and report the laboratory test results according to procedures.

The comprehensive disease prevention and control center of the autonomous region is responsible for the final re-judgment of Yersinia pestis in the whole region and the review of the laboratory test results of human plague cases.

2.2.5 Responsibilities of various medical and health institutions at all levels

Responsible for the monitoring, discovery and reporting of human plague, carry out specimen collection, cooperate with disease prevention and control institutions to carry out epidemiological investigation, be responsible for the training of medical staff in this institution, and do a good job in the prevention and control of nosocomial infection.

Grass-roots medical and health institutions should strengthen screening, reporting, isolation and registration of plague patients, and may not stay or refuse to consult without permission.

Designated medical institutions are responsible for the centralized treatment of plague in this area; Do a good job in the training of medical staff in this institution on diagnosis and treatment, disinfection and isolation, personal protection and other knowledge, and strictly implement the workflow; Do a good job in ensuring the personnel, medicines, facilities, equipment and protective equipment needed for medical treatment; Implement measures such as disinfection, hospital infection management and personal protection; Do a good job in hospital infection monitoring, and report and dispose of it in time; Do a good job in medical waste management and disposal; Do a good job in biosafety management and quality control of clinical laboratories.

2.2.6 Responsibilities of health supervision institutions at all levels

Responsible for the supervision and inspection of plague prevention and control work carried out by medical and health institutions in this area.

2.2.7 Duties of Hohhot Customs and Manzhouli Customs

In accordance with the relevant provisions of 2.2.1.

2.3 plague expert advisory group

2.3.1 Composition of plague expert advisory group

When a human epidemic occurs and emergency response of Grade I, II, III and IV is started, a plague expert advisory group shall be established. Relevant experts from the Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention of the Autonomous Region served as the head of the plague expert advisory group of the autonomous region. Members are composed of relevant experts such as the Center for Comprehensive Disease Prevention and Control of the Autonomous Region, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department, Forestry and Grass Bureau, Aiweihui Office, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Inner Mongolia Fourth Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University and universities. When an animal plague epidemic occurs, decide whether to set up an expert group according to the situation.

2.3.2 Responsibilities of plague expert advisory group

According to the epidemic situation, the expert group put forward opinions and suggestions on plague prevention, control and emergency response to emergency headquarters, providing a basis for the decision-making and deployment of the headquarters.

3 Monitoring and early warning

3.1 Plague monitoring

The Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region shall, in accordance with the unified regulations and requirements of the whole country and in combination with the actual situation in our region, organize the active monitoring of plague, strengthen the management and supervision of plague monitoring, and ensure the monitoring quality.

The Union Municipal Health and Health Committees shall organize and guide counties (cities, districts) to carry out active plague monitoring in accordance with the unified regulations and requirements of the autonomous region and the actual situation in the region, and strengthen the management and supervision of plague monitoring to ensure the monitoring quality.

3.1.1 Monitoring system

Establish a three-level plague monitoring system in autonomous regions, union cities and counties (cities, districts). According to the requirements of the National Plague Monitoring Program, the Center for Comprehensive Disease Prevention and Control of the Autonomous Region has formulated the Plague Monitoring Program for the whole region. The plague foci and monitoring areas shall carry out the daily monitoring of plague according to the requirements of the plague monitoring plan of the whole region. In areas with national plague monitoring points, the daily monitoring of plague shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the National Plague Monitoring Program.

3.1.2 Monitoring funds guarantee

The people’s government of the autonomous region is responsible for the necessary funds for the monitoring of plague epidemic; The Union Administrative Office, the Municipal People’s Government, and the people’s governments of counties (cities, districts) are responsible for monitoring the daily operating expenses.

3.2 Plague Warning Release

Health administrative departments at all levels shall timely release and release early warning information according to the harmfulness and urgency of plague epidemic reported by monitoring points. Early warning information includes: plague classification, early warning level, warning events, measures to be taken, starting time and issuing authority, etc.

3.2.1 Early warning issuing unit

According to the requirements of the national and autonomous region plague control emergency plan, health administrative departments at all levels shall timely release and adjust the early warning information according to the classification of plague epidemic warning. Level I early warning: National Health and Wellness Commission; Level II early warning: Autonomous Region Health and Wellness Committee; Level III early warning: Union Municipal Health and Health Commission; Level IV early warning: Qixian (city, district) Health and Wellness Committee.

3.2.2 Early warning classification

I-level early warning: I-level early warning will be started when a particularly serious plague epidemic (I-level) or a major plague epidemic (II-level) occurs.

Level II early warning: Level II early warning will be started when a large plague epidemic (level III) occurs.

Level III early warning: Level III early warning will be started in case of general plague epidemic (level IV).

Ⅳ early warning: In case of animal plague epidemic (Ⅴ), the Ⅳ early warning will be started.

3.2.3 Publishing objects

Level I early warning: The release target is determined by the National Health and Wellness Commission.

Level II early warning:

(1) released to the people’s governments and health administrative departments of 12 league cities and 103 counties (cities, districts) in the whole region;

(2) released to the member units of plague emergency headquarters in the autonomous region;

(3) according to the affiliation and management authority to the autonomous region at all levels and all kinds of medical and health institutions;

(4) released to the provincial defense organizations and the health administrative departments of neighboring provinces (see Annex);

(5) release to the public;

(6) at the same time submitted to the National Health and Wellness Commission and the people’s government of the autonomous region.

Level III early warning:

(1) released to the people’s governments and health administrative departments of counties (cities, districts) under the jurisdiction of the Union City where the epidemic occurred;

(2) released to the member units of emergency headquarters Plague in Union City;

(3) according to the affiliation and management authority, release it to all kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels within the jurisdiction of the Union City where the epidemic occurred;

(4) release it to the joint defense organizations between the cities of the Union and the health administrative departments in the adjacent areas;

(5) release to the public;

(6) At the same time, it shall be submitted to the Health and Wellness Commission of the autonomous region and the people’s government at the corresponding level.

Ⅳ warning:

(1) to all kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels where the epidemic occurred;

(2) to the counties (cities, districts) between defense organizations or the health administrative departments in the adjacent areas;

(3) release to relevant departments and the public;

(4) At the same time, submit it to the health administrative department of the Union City and the people’s government at the same level.

3.2.4 Release time

After determining the epidemic situation and grading, early warning information should be released in time, and the longest time should not exceed 24 hours. The early warning time lasts until the end of the epidemic year, and it is decided whether to continue to the next year according to the epidemic situation.

3.2.5 Release Form

According to the release target, you can choose documents, conferences, official website, all kinds of mainstream media, announcements and other ways to release early warning information.

4 epidemic discovery, diagnosis and report

4.1 Information management

4.1.1 Improve the information management system for plague prevention and control in the whole region, build an information network covering disease prevention and control institutions or specialized agencies for plague prevention and control in autonomous regions, union cities and counties (cities, districts), and undertake the collection, processing, analysis and reporting of information related to plague epidemic.

4.1.2 Health administrative departments at all levels are responsible for the organization, implementation, management and platform construction of plague prevention and control management information work within their respective jurisdictions, constantly improving the plague prevention and control information management system within their respective jurisdictions, and providing necessary guarantee conditions for the normal operation of the system.

4.1.3 All kinds of medical and health personnel at all levels who perform their duties are responsible reporters of human plague epidemic.

4.1.4 Disease prevention and control institutions at all levels or plague prevention and control institutions shall be responsible for the monitoring, information reporting and management of plague epidemic within the scope of their responsibilities, and shall be responsible for collecting, analyzing and verifying epidemic information and other relevant information within their respective jurisdictions. Disease prevention and control institutions at all levels and specialized agencies for plague prevention and control are responsible reporting units for direct network reporting.

4.2 Discovery, diagnosis and reporting of human cases

4.2.1 Discovery of cases

If you have been to the above-mentioned areas in the plague-affected areas, historical epidemic areas or suspected plague-affected areas or within 10 days, you should pay attention to asking whether you have been to the plague-affected areas before the onset, whether you have been in contact with dead rats or other wild animals, and whether you have eaten rabbits and marmots. All patients with unknown diagnosis and one of the following symptoms are reported as suspected plague patients:

(1) Patients with high fever and unconsciousness;

(2) Patients with lymph node enlargement and severe pain and high fever without trauma infection;

(3) Patients with high fever accompanied by cough, chest pain and hemoptysis;

(4) Patients with high fever and skin blisters or ulcers.

4.2.1.1 has been to the above areas in plague epidemic areas, historical epidemic areas, suspected plague epidemic areas or within 10 days. Those who have a very short course of disease and die sharply should be reported as patients with sudden death.

4.2.1.2 medical institutions are responsible for collecting relevant clinical samples of cases, and sending the samples to local disease prevention and control institutions (specialized institutions for plague prevention and control) for relevant testing as soon as possible according to biosafety requirements.

4.2.2 Case confirmation

The laboratory test results of all plague cases need to be rechecked by the Center for Comprehensive Disease Prevention and Control of the autonomous region, and evaluated and confirmed by the expert group according to the clinical manifestations, epidemiological history and laboratory test results.

4.2.3 Case report

All kinds of medical institutions at all levels shall immediately report suspected cases of plague to local disease prevention and control institutions and health administrative departments. After receiving the report, the local disease prevention and control institutions should immediately investigate and verify. After judging the epidemic situation of human plague, they should report directly to the network within 2 hours according to the prescribed time limit. At the same time, after receiving the report, the local health administrative department should immediately report to the local people’s government and report to the health administrative department and the people’s government at the next higher level step by step until reporting to the National Health and Wellness Commission.

4.3 Confirmation and report of animal plague epidemic situation

4.3.1 The Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention of the Autonomous Region undertakes the re-judgment and identification of plague strains, and may authorize the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the League City (a professional organization for plague prevention and control) to undertake the re-judgment of nucleic acid positive samples and serum positive samples within its jurisdiction.

4.3.2 Report of animal epidemic situation

After the occurrence of animal plague is monitored at the monitoring point, it shall be immediately reported to the disease prevention and control institutions in counties (cities, districts). Counties (cities, districts) disease prevention and control institutions shall immediately verify after receiving the report. After judging the occurrence of animal plague epidemic, the responsible reporting unit shall report directly to the network within 6 hours in towns and towns, and within 12 hours in Sumu Township and Gacha Village. After receiving the report, the health administrative department of counties (cities, districts) shall immediately report to the local people’s government and report to the health administrative department at the next higher level.

5 emergency treatment

When an epidemic of human or animal plague occurs, the governments of counties (cities, districts), league cities and autonomous regions and their relevant departments at the place where the epidemic occurs shall make corresponding emergency response according to the principle of graded response. At the same time, according to the development trend of plague epidemic and the needs of prevention and control work, the response level should be adjusted in time to effectively control the plague epidemic and reduce the harm, and maintain the normal production and living order.

5.1 Measures to be taken for emergency treatment of animal plague epidemic (Grade V)

5.1.1 Start the emergency response to public health emergencies. After the Qixian (city, district) Health and Health Committee or the Union City Health and Health Committee organizes relevant experts to confirm, the Qixian (city, district) Health and Health Committee shall report to the Qixian (city, district) people’s government, and the Qixian (city, district) people’s government shall start an emergency response according to the animal plague epidemic (level V) and issue a level IV early warning at the same time.

5.1.2 Timely and standardized epidemic treatment. In principle, according to the type and epidemic intensity of plague epidemic among animals, the distance from towns, residential areas, traffic arteries, important areas, tourist attractions, etc., and the ecological characteristics of host animals, the treatment scope is determined according to local conditions, and rodent control and flea control are carried out quickly according to requirements, so as to achieve the standards of no rats, no holes and no fleas.

5.1.3 Strengthen the monitoring of plague among animals. We will continue to expand the scope of search with the epidemic as the center, carry out various laboratory tests in accordance with the laboratory biosafety regulations, and "check all the materials obtained" to improve the quality and skills of laboratory inspectors and improve the inspection quality.

5.1.4 Carry out rodent and flea control. Forestry and grass, agriculture and animal husbandry departments and patriotic health institutions should organize the protective rodent and flea control work in grasslands, agricultural areas and cities. Give full play to the advantages of mass prevention and control, mobilize grassland, land contractors, urban and rural residents and other people to actively participate, combine special groups, expand the scope of rodent control and flea control, increase the frequency and depth, and achieve full coverage without dead ends. At the same time, do a good job in the investigation of rat density and rodent damage before and after deratization, so as to provide a basis for scientific deratization and effect evaluation. All field construction sites, industrial and mining enterprises, tourist attractions and military areas within the scope of the epidemic focus should do a good job of rodent control and flea control in the scope of responsibility and surrounding areas under the guidance of relevant business.

5.1.5 Carry out plague epidemic risk assessment. According to the epidemic characteristics, occurrence areas and development trends, carry out the risk assessment of human plague epidemic in this area. Pay close attention to the dynamics of plague epidemic, focus on large-scale field construction projects in the epidemic focus, and put forward corresponding prevention and control measures.

5.1.6 Publicity and education and risk communication. Strengthen the publicity and education of plague prevention and control knowledge, and publicize the "three noes and three reports" through various channels and forms. Plague focus and its adjacent areas should focus on strengthening health behavior intervention for farmers and herdsmen, field workers, tourists and other groups, and effectively improve the people’s awareness and ability of self-prevention. Actively carry out public opinion monitoring, popularize the knowledge of epidemic prevention and control, solve doubts and doubts to the public in time, respond to social concerns, and do a good job in communication of epidemic prevention and control risks. It is necessary to strengthen health education and risk communication in key groups, key places and large-scale crowd gathering activities.

5.1.7 Strengthen the training of medical and health personnel. The health administrative departments of counties (cities, districts) should organize all kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels within their jurisdiction to carry out training on knowledge related to plague prevention and treatment, focusing on the knowledge of human plague identification, diagnosis and treatment, epidemic situation report, emergency plan implementation, hospital infection control, etc., so as to improve medical staff’s awareness of plague prevention and treatment, implement the responsibility system for first-visit doctors, and achieve early detection, early diagnosis, early reporting, early isolation, early treatment and on-site treatment.

5.1.8 Strengthen the pre-inspection and triage and the investigation of fever patients. All kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels should strengthen the management of pre-inspection and triage, establish a responsibility system for the investigation and reporting of plague patients, strictly implement the process of receiving and screening fever patients, and conscientiously implement the registration and reporting system for fever patients. Grass-roots medical and health institutions should strengthen the screening of patients with fever. If patients with fever of unknown reasons are found, they should take local isolation measures, register and report the patient information well, and it is strictly forbidden to stay in the clinic or refuse to consult without permission.

5.1.9 Emergency response in adjacent areas. The health administrative department in the area where the plague epidemic occurred should inform the health administrative department in the adjacent area of the epidemic situation and the measures taken in a timely manner. In areas adjacent to the plague epidemic, the risk assessment of human and animal plague epidemic in this area should be carried out according to the epidemic characteristics, occurrence area and development trend, and the possibility and degree of being affected in this area should be actively analyzed, and corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken.

5.2 Measures to be taken for emergency treatment of general plague epidemic (Grade IV)

5.2.1 Start the emergency response to public health emergencies. The counties (cities, districts) Health and Health Committee or the League Health and Health Committee shall organize relevant experts to confirm and report to the people’s government at the same level. The counties (cities, districts) people’s government shall start emergency response according to the general epidemic situation (level IV), and the League Health and Health Committee shall issue a level III warning. Counties (cities, districts) set up an epidemic prevention and control headquarters with the main leaders of the government as the chief commander, fully fulfilling the main responsibility of the territory, and at the same time starting the "three reports" system of zero epidemic report, daily report of illness and daily report of work progress.

5.2.2 Make every effort to treat patients. Adhere to the principle of "nearby, local treatment", "centralized patients, experts, resources and treatment", transfer patients to designated medical institutions at the county level with negative pressure ambulances, and carry out treatment according to the plague diagnosis and treatment plan, so as to improve the admission rate and reduce the mortality rate.

5.2.3 Strengthen the prevention and control of hospital infection. Medical institutions should strengthen isolation, disinfection and protection, and fully implement various measures to prevent nosocomial infection. Standardize the pre-inspection and triage, and do a good job in the hospital sense control of fever clinics, emergency departments and all other general wards (wards). Plague cases (including suspected cases and confirmed cases) and mild cases among infected people shall be treated in isolation, and suspected cases shall be treated in isolation in a single room. Medical institutions shall, in strict accordance with the Technical Specification for Disinfection of Medical Institutions, do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting medical devices, contaminated items, surfaces and floors; Carry out air disinfection according to the requirements of "Hospital Air Purification Management Standard". Medical waste generated in the process of diagnosis and treatment of plague patients should be disposed of and managed according to the relevant provisions of the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Waste and the Measures for the Administration of Medical Waste in Medical and Health Institutions.

5.2.4 Timely carry out the treatment of epidemic areas. In strict accordance with the "standards and principles for the treatment of human plague epidemic areas" (GB15978—1995), the epidemic areas were treated. In principle, take the residence of plague patients, suspected patients or plague corpses as the center, and delimit the surrounding areas that may be polluted as isolation circles, such as a courtyard and a house. Pastoral areas can divide a tent or several connected tents into isolation circles. When a patient (or corpse) occurs in an urban community, one of the buildings or an independent unit where the patient (or corpse) is located can be designated as an isolation circle. After the patient is transported, the disinfection and disposal of the isolation circle should be carried out, and the disease prevention and control institutions at higher levels should give guidance.

5.2.5 Rapid epidemiological investigation. When the disease prevention and control institutions in counties (cities, districts) receive reports of suspected cases and confirmed cases of plague from medical institutions or medical personnel, they shall complete the epidemiological investigation within 24 hours in accordance with the Plague Case Questionnaire, do a good job in judging and registering close contacts, and submit the epidemiological investigation and analysis report to the health administrative department at the same level and the disease prevention and control institutions in the Union City (professional institutions for plague prevention and control); Carry out a retrospective investigation of the source of infection.

5.2.6 Tracking and management of close contacts. By the counties (cities, districts) health administrative departments in conjunction with relevant departments to organize the implementation. Close contacts of suspected cases and confirmed cases shall be subject to centralized or isolated medical observation at home, and their body temperature shall be measured at least twice a day, and whether there are other related symptoms such as fever, cough, hemoptysis, lymphadenopathy and the progress of the disease. The medical observation period of close contacts is 9 days after the last contact with the case or infected person.

5.2.7 Preventive dosing. Preventive treatment of plague can be carried out for direct contacts of plague patients, people bitten by fleas in epidemic areas, people who come into contact with secretions and blood of infected animals and laboratory operations.

5.2.8 Fully control wild animals. Except for the need of maintaining public safety such as epidemic research and epidemic prevention and control, all wildlife hunting activities are prohibited, and the patrol and guarding work in the wild is strengthened. Severely punish illegal hunting of wild animals and crack down on indiscriminate hunting of wild animals. Do a good job in isolation, cleaning, sanitation and disinfection, monitoring and quarantine and epidemic prevention of artificial breeding units of wild animals, and block the contact between wild animals and poultry, livestock and people. Pay close attention to the health status of wild animals and do a good job in monitoring the epidemic focus and disease of wild animals. During the epidemic prevention and control period, wildlife trading is completely prohibited.

5.2.9 Strengthen the control of Gacha village (community). Give full play to the mobilization ability of Gacha village (community), implement grid and carpet management, prevent and control groups, and effectively implement the following comprehensive prevention and control measures:

(1) Organize mobilization. Gacha village (community) should establish an organization system for the prevention and control of plague epidemic, with cadres from Sumu township (street) and Gacha village (community) and doctors from primary medical and health institutions as the mainstay, encourage residents and volunteers to participate, form a part-time work team, implement grid and carpet management, and implement responsibility to people, and implement full coverage and implementation of Gacha village (community), natural village (residential area) and family.

(2) Health education. Make full use of various means to carry out targeted publicity on plague prevention and control knowledge, focusing on "three noes and three reports", so that the masses can fully understand the knowledge of plague prevention and control, master the key points of protection, form good habits, reduce travel (especially in the wild) and avoid contact with animals (especially wild animals).

(3) information notification. Release medical information to the public. Patients with symptoms such as cough, chest pain, high fever and swollen lymph nodes (pain) go to fever clinics, and suspected plague patients go to designated hospitals.

(4) Environmental sanitation management. In-depth patriotic health campaign, Gacha village (community) to carry out comprehensive prevention and control of vectors, mainly environmental remediation, supplemented by drug disinfection, to clean up residential quarters, garbage transfer stations, construction sites and other key places, deal with garbage and dirt, and eliminate the breeding environment of vectors such as rats and fleas. Organize and carry out comprehensive vector control and disinfection in time to effectively reduce the density of vector organisms.

(5) Material preparation. Gacha village (community) and families should prepare necessary articles and materials for prevention and control, such as rodenticide, thermometer, disinfection supplies, etc.

5.2.10 Other measures. At the same time, do a good job in the prevention and control of plague among animals according to 5.1.2-5.1.9.

5.3 Measures to be taken for emergency treatment of large plague epidemic (Grade III)

5.3.1 Start the emergency response to public health emergencies, and report it to the Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region, the Union Administrative Office and the Municipal People’s Government after being confirmed by relevant experts organized by the Union Municipal Health and Wellness Committee. The Union Administrative Office and the Municipal People’s Government will start the emergency response according to the major epidemic (level III), and the Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region will issue a level II warning. The League City established an epidemic prevention and control headquarters with the main leaders of the government as the chief commander, fully fulfilling the main responsibility of the territory. At the same time, the "three reports" system of zero report on epidemic situation, daily report on illness and daily report on work progress was launched.

5.3.2 Blocking epidemic areas according to law. For Sumu township (street) and Gacha village (community) designated as epidemic areas, measures can be taken to block the epidemic areas, restrict people from entering and leaving, and temporarily requisition houses and vehicles.

5.3.3 Reduce personnel flow and gathering.

(1) Strictly prevent transmission by means of transportation. Do a good job in the health management of trains, cars, airplanes, urban public transport and other key places such as stations, airports and passenger stations, ventilate and disinfect according to local conditions, and strictly implement prevention and control measures such as passenger temperature screening. Set up a check-up station, equipped with medical materials and professionals, to keep the plague patients and suspected patients found on the transportation for observation and isolation treatment. Do a good job in health quarantine of entry-exit vehicles and personnel, and prevent the import and export of epidemic situations.

(2) Reduce public gathering activities. Strengthen the management of large-scale public gathering activities, cancel or postpone all kinds of large-scale activities, close or stop opening cultural tourism facilities, and minimize large-scale public gathering. Hotels, restaurants, hotels, cultural and entertainment places, business units, public transport and other public places or other crowded places shall implement disinfection, ventilation and other prevention and control measures, and remind visitors and publicize and educate them on prevention and control knowledge.

5.3.4 Strengthen the arrangement and control of key populations. Effectively prevent the import and spread of the plague epidemic, make full use of comprehensive means such as big data, strengthen the grid management of rural pastoral areas and urban communities, and conduct comprehensive door-to-door investigations to ensure full coverage of the investigation area and no dead ends, and ensure that no one is missing. For residents who have traveled in the epidemic area and surrounding areas within 10 days, or who have been to the animal plague epidemic area, it is necessary to track down people, register and observe at home to ensure early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment of the epidemic.

5.3.5 Strengthen epidemic prevention and control in key units and places. Key units and places such as hospitals, enterprises, schools, stations, airports, docks, shopping malls, supermarkets, pension institutions, welfare institutions and supervision places should fulfill their main responsibilities, implement various prevention and control measures, strictly monitor ventilation, disinfection and health, strengthen personal protection and health education, and report and dispose of any abnormal situation in time.

5.3.6 Strengthen supervision and guidance. Health administrative departments at all levels are responsible for the overall guidance of epidemic prevention and control. It is necessary to organize disease control and supervision institutions to go deep into key units and places to carry out publicity and health education, strengthen technical guidance and health supervision on epidemic prevention and control, help relevant units to implement infectious disease prevention and epidemic management systems, and guide the work of rodent control, flea control and disinfection. Autonomous regions and allied cities should send expert groups to guide epidemic situation disposal, patient treatment, hospital infection prevention and control, psychological intervention and other work. It is necessary to send a supervision team to supervise and guide all regions to implement the main responsibility of the territory and implement various prevention and control measures.

5.3.7 Strengthen material support. Local people’s governments at all levels should fully grasp the supply and demand situation of prevention and control materials such as drugs, protective articles, disinfection articles, treatment instruments, equipment and facilities in the local area, dynamically grasp the material demand and production, circulation, inventory transportation and resource guarantee, and organize all kinds of prevention and control materials production enterprises to do a good job in production guarantee; It is necessary to do a good job in emergency transportation and traffic protection to ensure the timely and smooth transportation of epidemic prevention and control and production and living materials; It is necessary to co-ordinate the coordination of local prevention and control material support, obey the unified dispatch of the joint prevention and control mechanism of plague epidemic in the State Council, and give priority to meeting the needs of the front line of prevention and control (including the front line of port prevention and control); Market supervision departments at all levels should strengthen supervision and severely crack down on acts that disrupt market order, such as driving up the prices of prevention and control materials.

5.3.8 Strengthen the cost guarantee. All regions should, in accordance with the spirit of relevant national documents, implement the subsidy policy for patients’ treatment expenses, grant temporary work subsidies to medical personnel and epidemic prevention workers who participate in prevention and control work, and properly arrange the funds needed for medical and health institutions to purchase special equipment for protection, diagnosis and treatment and rapid diagnostic reagents needed for epidemic prevention and control work. According to the requirements of relevant national documents, it is necessary to ensure that the confirmed and suspected plague patients are not affected by the cost, and that the hospitals are not affected by the payment policy.

5.3.9 Strengthen epidemic reporting. All regions should release information on epidemic prevention and control in a timely, open and transparent manner, and seriously blame those who delay reporting, conceal reporting or omit reporting. Strengthen public opinion analysis and judgment, respond to social concerns in a targeted manner, scientifically solve doubts and doubts, clarify false rumors, and eliminate unnecessary panic.

5.3.10 Fully rescue patients. According to the principles of "treatment nearby and on the spot" and "concentration of patients, experts, resources and treatment", patients will be transferred to designated medical institutions for treatment with negative pressure ambulances, and experts in the whole region will be concentrated to implement "one person, one case, one class", which will effectively improve the cure rate and reduce the death rate. At the same time, a front-line expert group will be set up to directly participate in epidemic disposal and patient treatment, and experts from Beijing and other places will be invited to support it if necessary. Set up a standby expert group, strengthen training and be ready to participate in epidemic prevention and control at any time. According to the progress of the epidemic, on the basis of designated hospitals, several medical institutions will be determined by the Union City as backup hospitals to prepare for receiving patients. Care for medical personnel, implement the strictest safety protection measures for medical personnel and epidemic prevention personnel, care for and protect the health and safety of medical personnel, and ensure the "three in place" of protective equipment configuration, implementation of protective measures and personnel treatment.

5.3.11 Other measures. At the same time, we should do a good job in animal plague prevention and control, nosocomial infection prevention and control, epidemiological investigation, close contact management, preventive dosing, wildlife control, epidemic point division and disposal in accordance with clauses 5.1.2-5.1.9 and 5.2.3-5.2.9.

5.4 Measures to be taken for emergency treatment of major plague epidemic (Grade II)

5.4.1 Start the emergency response to public health emergencies. The Health and Wellness Commission of the Autonomous Region shall organize relevant experts to assess and confirm the situation and report it to the National Health and Wellness Commission and the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region. The People’s Government of the Autonomous Region shall start the emergency response according to the major epidemic situation (level II), and at the same time start the "three reports" system of zero report on the epidemic situation, daily report on the illness condition and daily report on the work progress.

5.4.2 The emergency handling of major plague epidemics shall be organized and led by the people’s government of the autonomous region. According to the recommendations of the Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region and the needs of epidemic disposal, the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region established the plague emergency headquarters to quickly grasp and control the epidemic situation, determine the contents of emergency work and organize its implementation; Timely report the changes of epidemic situation and the progress of work in the State Council and send a copy to the relevant departments in the State Council, and at the same time notify the local garrison leading organs, Hohhot Customs and Manzhouli Customs. When necessary, request the National Health and Wellness Commission and relevant departments to give emergency support.

5.4.3 The Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region quickly understands the time, place, source of infection and cases of the epidemic, determines the severity of the epidemic, analyzes the development trend of the epidemic, puts forward suggestions on emergency work in time, and is responsible for reporting to the people’s government of the autonomous region, informing the relevant departments of the autonomous region and reporting to the National Health and Wellness Committee.

5.4.4 All regions and relevant departments shall, in accordance with the unified deployment of the autonomous region headquarters, cooperate closely, conduct joint defense and control, and strictly implement the prevention and control strategy of "internal proliferation prevention and external export prevention", effectively implement various prevention and control measures, and resolutely prevent the epidemic from spreading further.

5.4.5 Strengthen the management of epidemic areas. Start the blockade of epidemic areas, implement strict blockade measures for designated epidemic areas according to law, do a good job in dealing with epidemic areas according to norms, stop crowd gathering activities such as fairs and gatherings, close all public places, enterprises and institutions temporarily stop production and work, and schools and kindergartens suspend classes. Production and operation involving prevention and control needs and residents’ daily necessities should be under strict and effective protection.

5.4.6 Make every effort to treat patients. On the basis of clause 5.3.10, according to the progress of epidemic situation, start the designated backup hospital, and expand the backup expert group to the first-line expert group, and go deep into various regions to deal with the epidemic situation and treat patients. Strengthen the training of all medical staff, focusing on knowledge and skills training in diagnosis and differential diagnosis, patient treatment, prevention and control of hospital sensation, etc., so as to realize that all staff can be employed and everyone can respond to emergencies as soon as possible. Give play to the role of the expert group and conduct consultation and consultation at any time.

5.4.7 Ensure the supply of important materials. We must resolutely obey the unified management and allocation of epidemic prevention and control materials in the whole region, break the regional division, and ensure the timely deployment of epidemic prevention and control materials. No region, enterprise or individual may plunder, intercept or hoard important epidemic prevention and control materials, and once found, resolutely investigate and deal with them according to the law and discipline. It is necessary to designate departments to uniformly grasp the supply and demand situation of epidemic prevention and control materials such as drugs, protective equipment and disinfection materials in the region, take strong measures to support enterprises to resume work and production as soon as possible, strive to achieve full production, and support qualified enterprises to expand production capacity and increase supply. Attach great importance to the construction of "rice bag" and "vegetable basket" projects, and quickly organize production enterprises of daily necessities such as grain, oil and food to resume production as soon as possible under the premise of implementing epidemic prevention and control measures to ensure adequate supply of food, meat, vegetables and other necessary daily necessities. Ensure the smooth logistics distribution in the wholesale market and urban areas, and ensure the timely replenishment of supermarkets and convenience stores. Strengthen price monitoring and product quality and safety supervision, deal with panic buying at the first time, severely punish price gouging, hoarding and profiteering according to law, crack down on counterfeiting, maintain market order and stabilize market expectations.

5.4.8 Strengthen capacity dispatching. Scientifically analyze and judge the epidemic situation and the need for prevention and control, and pay attention to avoiding excessive traffic control measures. According to the principle of "one break and three contingencies" ("one break" is the channel to block the spread of the epidemic, and personnel traffic stops in principle; "Three contingencies" refers to the principle of continuous highway traffic, continuous emergency green passage and continuous traffic of people’s living materials, and "three non-priorities" (no stop production, no inspection, no charge and priority traffic), so as to strengthen the dispatch of all kinds of transportation capacity, make reasonable overall plans for traffic control and guidance, and ensure smooth transportation of medical protection and materials necessary for people’s production and life.

5.4.9 Make every effort to maintain social stability. Propaganda departments at all levels should comprehensively strengthen epidemic prevention and control propaganda and public opinion guidance, keep a close eye on important nodes of epidemic prevention and control, publicize the progress of prevention and control work, and respond to social concerns in a timely manner. Clear channels to solve doubts and doubts, clarify false rumors, eliminate panic, publicize touching stories, set a positive example, and strengthen the determination and confidence of the whole society. Political and legal departments at all levels should promptly investigate all kinds of epidemic-related contradictions and disputes and potential risks that may affect social stability, promptly and effectively ease and resolve them, and prevent conflicts and risks from converging and overlapping. Strengthen patrol prevention and control of pharmacies, shopping malls, airports, stations and other key places to prevent all kinds of major incidents. We will spare no effort to maintain the normal production and living order, and all kinds of illegal and criminal acts that affect the prevention and control of the epidemic situation, political and legal organs should perform their duties, cooperate with each other, and severely crack down on them according to law. At the same time, we should give full play to grassroots social organizations and mass forces to jointly safeguard social stability.

5.4.10 Other measures. At the same time, we should do a good job in animal plague prevention and control, nosocomial infection prevention and control, epidemiological investigation, close contact management, preventive administration, wildlife control and epidemic point division in accordance with articles 5.1.2-5.1.9, 5.2.2-5.2.9 and 5.3.2-5.3.10.

5.5 Measures to be taken for emergency treatment of particularly serious plague epidemic (Grade I)

After the National Health and Wellness Commission started the emergency response and issued the first-level warning, the people’s governments at the three levels of autonomous region, Union City and counties (cities, districts) should set up the plague emergency headquarters, and be responsible for rapidly developing and seriously implementing the emergency measures for the plague epidemic within their respective administrative areas in accordance with the unified leadership and deployment of relevant departments in the State Council or the State Council.

6 prevent cases from being exported.

During the period of prevention and control of plague epidemic, according to the principle of territorial management, the health and health committees of all league cities and counties (cities, districts) should strengthen the management of patient transfer, and all kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels should strictly implement the "twelve no" measures, resolutely put an end to the long-distance transfer of plague patients and prevent the spread of the epidemic. The specific situation is as follows:

(1) Patients with fever (history) and/or swollen lymph nodes (pain) are not allowed to leave the hospital at will;

(2) No patients with suspicious symptoms such as fever of unknown origin, sudden onset of high fever and sharp increase of white blood cells are allowed to be transferred to hospital or discharged;

(3) Patients with unexplained acute lymphadenitis, swollen lymph nodes, severe pain and suspicious symptoms such as forced posture are not allowed to be transferred to hospital or discharged;

(4) patients with suspicious symptoms such as severe toxemia and shock syndrome of unknown reasons are not allowed to be transferred to hospital or discharged;

(5) Patients with unexplained cough, chest pain, expectoration with blood, hemoptysis and other suspicious symptoms are not allowed to be transferred to hospital or discharged;

(6) Patients with unexplained severe conjunctivitis and serious upper and lower eyelid edema and other suspicious symptoms are not allowed to be transferred and discharged;

(7) Patients with unexplained bloody diarrhea and suspicious symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, high fever and shock syndrome are not allowed to be transferred to hospital or discharged;

(8) It is forbidden to transfer and discharge patients with suspicious symptoms such as painful red papules on the skin with unknown reasons and bloody blisters;

(9) Patients with unexplained severe headache, lethargy, stiff neck, delirium, high brain pressure, turbid cerebrospinal fluid and other suspicious symptoms are not allowed to be transferred to hospital or discharged;

(10) patients who have been to animal plague epidemic areas 10 days before the onset of the disease and have not been released from isolation are not allowed to be transferred and discharged;

(11) No patients who have come into contact with animals and animal products from plague epidemic areas within 10 days before the onset of the disease, who have entered plague laboratories or come into contact with plague experimental supplies and have not been released from isolation are transferred to hospitals and discharged from hospitals;

(12) It is forbidden to transfer and discharge patients who have been in contact with patients with clinical characteristics (1)-(9) within 10 days before onset and have not been released from isolation.

7 Confirmation, termination and evaluation of emergency response level

7.1 Confirmation of plague emergency response level

7.1.1 According to the requirements of this plan, the particularly serious plague epidemic (Grade I) shall be confirmed by the National Health and Wellness Commission; Major plague epidemic (level II) shall be confirmed by the Health and Health Commission of the autonomous region or the National Health and Health Commission; The larger plague epidemic (Grade III) shall be confirmed by relevant experts organized by the Health and Health Committee of the Union City or the Health and Health Committee of the Autonomous Region; General plague epidemic (Grade IV) and animal plague epidemic (Grade V) shall be confirmed by the Health and Health Committee of counties (cities, districts) or the Health and Health Committee of Union City.

7.1.2 When the plague epidemic occurs in towns, traffic arteries, densely populated areas, tourist attractions, border crossings, military and space bases and large-scale infrastructure projects, health and health administrative departments at all levels can report to the health and health administrative department at the next higher level while confirming the emergency response level, and the health and health administrative department at the next higher level will confirm whether the emergency response level is upgraded.

7.2 Termination of plague emergency response

Handling of human plague epidemic situation: according to the requirements of People’s Republic of China (PRC) national standard "Standards and Principles for Handling Human Plague Epidemic Areas" (GB15978—1995), all the corresponding emergency response work has been completed, and the standards of rodent control and flea control and environmental sanitation have been reached in large and small isolation circles, and there have been no secondary cases for 9 consecutive days.

Treatment of animal plague epidemic areas: According to the requirements of People’s Republic of China (PRC) national standard "Standards and Principles for the Treatment of Human Plague Epidemic Areas" (GB15978-1995), when infected rats and fleas are found in pastoral areas, the treatment scope should be centered on the epidemic area, and the fleas should be thoroughly exterminated, with early warning as the precondition. The health administrative department of the League City will organize the professional institutions at the League City level to meet the standards of no rats, no holes and no fleas after acceptance.

The termination of the emergency response to the particularly serious plague epidemic (level I) shall be implemented after the approval of the State Council or the national plague emergency headquarters.

The termination of major plague epidemic (Grade II), major plague epidemic (Grade III), general plague epidemic (Grade IV) and inter-animal plague epidemic (Grade V) shall be analyzed and demonstrated by relevant experts organized by the health administrative departments of the autonomous region, Union City, counties (cities, districts), and implemented after being reported to the people’s government at the same level or plague emergency headquarters, and reported to the health administrative department at the next higher level.

7.3 Evaluation of plague epidemic handling work

7.3.1 Organization of appraisers

The assessment of the handling of particularly serious plague epidemic (Grade I), major plague epidemic (Grade II), major plague epidemic (Grade III) and general plague epidemic (Grade IV) shall be organized by the National Health and Health Commission and the health administrative departments of autonomous regions, leagues and counties (cities, districts) to form an assessment team to carry out the assessment. For the epidemic situation of plague among animals (level V), the health administrative department of the Union City and counties (cities, districts) shall organize relevant personnel to form an evaluation team to carry out the evaluation.

7.3.2 Main contents of assessment

Physical geography of epidemic area, causes of epidemic, sources of infection, transmission routes and epidemic factors, occurrence, development and control of epidemic, composition of patients, treatment effect, distribution of infected animals and flea species, density of infected animals and flea index, effect evaluation of measures taken, existing problems in emergency treatment, experience gained and suggestions for improvement. The evaluation report shall be submitted to the people’s government at the same level and the health administrative department at the next higher level.

8 safeguard measures

8.1 Strengthen the capacity building of disease control institutions.

In accordance with the requirements of the National and Autonomous Region’s Standards for the Construction of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Guiding Opinions on the Organization Standards for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we will strengthen infrastructure construction, increase investment, strengthen personnel training, deepen internal reform, improve scientific research level and professional ability, reach the national and autonomous region standards as soon as possible, and provide strong technical support for plague prevention and control.

Strengthen the construction of laboratory detection capacity of county-level disease control institutions, and enhance the capacity of plague field monitoring laboratories. All county-level rodent control professional institutions should have the ability to carry out nucleic acid detection, so as to comprehensively improve laboratory infrastructure, detection equipment and personnel technology. At the same time, we should constantly strengthen the standardization and standardization of laboratory management system, and comprehensively improve the biosafety level of plague laboratories.

Because the focus of plague prevention and control work is in remote and poor areas, the work is hard and the task is heavy. Plague is a highly pathogenic and virulent infectious disease, and rodent control personnel are facing a high threat of biological safety. All regions should ensure the wages and benefits of plague control personnel, pay temporary work subsidies in full and on time, and tilt the appointment of professional titles.

8.2 Strengthen the monitoring of plague among animals and human beings.

Improve the three-level plague monitoring system in autonomous regions, union cities and counties (cities, districts). In accordance with the requirements of the National Plague Monitoring Program and the Plague Monitoring Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, monitoring points are set up reasonably, the monitoring scope is continuously expanded, and the plague monitoring among animals is actively carried out. Gradually promote the application of drones to carry out epidemic focus surveys, carry out new technologies such as plague nucleic acid detection, and continuously improve the efficiency and quality of monitoring work. Medical and health institutions at all levels should strengthen the management of outpatient, emergency and fever clinics, especially primary medical institutions should effectively play the role of "sentinel" in human plague monitoring, strengthen the investigation and reporting of fever patients, and improve the awareness and ability of medical personnel to identify plague patients.

8.3 improve the emergency response ability of plague

In accordance with the requirements of the state and autonomous regions, standardize the plague emergency team, emergency equipment and emergency material reserves, and improve the infrastructure and laboratory equipment conditions of disease prevention and control institutions or plague prevention and control professional institutions. Strengthen the construction of professional teams for rodent control and emergency response, strengthen professional technical training and emergency drills, enhance technical reserves, and improve the ability of epidemiological investigation, on-site disposal and laboratory testing. Each region organizes at least one plague emergency drill every year to improve the response level and ability of emergency teams.

8.4 Strengthen the capacity building of medical treatment

Strengthen the emergency preparedness of medical and health institutions to deal with the sudden plague epidemic and improve the ability of treatment. Designated medical institutions of plague in various regions should have the ability to carry out rapid screening of plague pathogens, improve the response mechanism of clinical treatment, standardize the prevention process of nosocomial infection, transform and build negative pressure wards and negative pressure laboratories, and equip them with certain facilities and equipment, so that they can have a high level of comprehensive treatment ability and biosafety protection conditions, and truly treat plague cases nearby and on the spot. Strengthen the sense of responsibility of medical institutions and medical staff, and establish a responsibility system for the investigation of patients with fever. According to the principle of territorial management, the health administrative department of counties (cities, districts) should sign a letter of responsibility with all kinds of medical institutions at all levels, the heads of medical institutions and medical staff in the jurisdiction, and compact the responsibility step by step and incorporate it into the performance management of medical institutions.

8.5 Strengthen the working mechanism of combining medical treatment with prevention.

Within the health system, it is necessary to establish a close cooperation mode of combining plague medical treatment and prevention, and strengthen the working mechanism of interconnection between disease control, medical treatment and health supervision institutions. Disease control institutions should release early warning information to medical institutions in a timely manner, and carry out training on plague prevention and control related knowledge and laws and regulations for medical personnel. Medical institutions should actively carry out active monitoring of human plague. It is necessary to set up a human plague monitor in this unit, build an interconnection bridge with the disease control institutions, grasp the epidemic dynamics of plague among animals in this area in real time, and notify the disease control institutions in a timely manner according to regulations when suspected plague cases are found. Medical institutions should give certain performance rewards to human plague monitors. Health supervision institutions should promptly carry out supervision and inspection on the prevention and control of plague in various medical institutions at all levels to ensure that all prevention and control work is implemented in detail.

8.6 Strengthen the working mechanism of joint defense and joint control among departments.

Improve the inter-office joint conference system for prevention and control of major diseases, further clarify the responsibilities and functions of each member unit, and actively study major issues in plague prevention and control according to their responsibilities and functions. Each member unit should plan, study, arrange and implement the work of the unit, and form a joint prevention and control work pattern with information exchange, close cooperation and mutual support.

8.7 Establish the working mechanism of group prevention and control.

Take Gacha village (community) as the basic unit, implement grid and carpet management, fully implement territorial responsibility, departmental responsibility, unit responsibility and individual responsibility, clarify the division of responsibilities, and implement the responsibility of plague prevention and control to each grid unit, so as to achieve accurate management to counties (cities, districts), Gacha village (community) and households (units), and at the same time implement the organs, enterprises, institutions and grassroots organizations under the jurisdiction.

8.8 Strengthen health publicity and education

Strengthen the publicity and education of plague prevention and control knowledge, and improve the awareness rate of plague prevention and control knowledge through various channels and forms. Actively carry out public opinion monitoring, timely organize experts to answer questions about social hotspots and issues of public concern, clarify false information on the Internet, and do a good job in communication on epidemic prevention and control risks. Publicize the "three noes and three noes" to residents and migrants in epidemic areas, especially migrant workers (no hunting, no stripping, no taking epidemic animals and their products out of epidemic areas without permission, reporting dead mice and marmots, reporting suspected plague patients, and reporting patients with unexplained high fever and sudden death), so as to improve people’s awareness of self-prevention.

8.9 Strengthen the capacity building of health supervision.

We will continue to strengthen the construction of the law enforcement system, constantly improve the four-level supervision and law enforcement agencies in autonomous regions, league cities, counties (cities, districts) and towns (streets) in Sumu, clarify their functions and responsibilities, provide sufficient supervision and law enforcement personnel and equipment, strengthen the institutionalization, standardization, informationization and standardization, and increase capital investment to ensure the normal development of the work.

8.10 Implementation of commendation and reward

After the epidemic treatment, the regions, units and individuals that have completed the plague emergency response work shall be commended and rewarded.

9 supplementary provisions

9.1 formulation and revision of the plan

This plan is formulated by the Health and Health Committee of the autonomous region, and updated, revised and supplemented in time according to the changes in the plague situation and the problems found in the implementation. Health administrative departments at all levels shall, according to this plan, organize the formulation of emergency plans for plague control in this area in combination with the actual situation in this area.

9.2 Interpretation of the Plan

This plan shall be interpreted by the Health and Health Committee of the autonomous region.

9.3 the execution time of the plan

This plan shall be implemented as of the date of issuance, and the Notice of the General Office of the People’s Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Printing and Distributing the Emergency Plan for Plague Control in the Autonomous Region (No.53 [2008] of the Office of the Internal Affairs Office) shall be abolished at the same time.

Attachment: Inter-provincial Plague Defense Units in Inner Mongolia

attachment

Inter-provincial plague defense unit in Inner Mongolia

First, nine northern provinces (cities, districts) plague defense

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Shaanxi provinces.

Two or five provinces (regions) Mongolian gerbil plague prevention and control

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hebei Province, Shaanxi Province, Shanxi Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Three or four provinces (regions) Daour Citellus plague joint defense.

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, Liaoning Province

Four or eight provinces (regions) plague prevention and control in Marmot foci

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xizang Autonomous Region, Gansu Province, Chongqing City, Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province.

　　Bath center, 24-hour ATM bank, underground parking, Internet cafe, KTV… … In recent years, some tourists choose these cheap and convenient places to spend the night in order to save money when traveling abroad. Recently, however, Red Star journalists found that some netizens shared their "coup" of saving money by staying overnight on a social platform, and even chose the overnight place in the emergency department of the hospital. They also said that big hospitals such as the top three hospitals are five-star hotels with intimate service and comfortable recliners.

　　In this regard, some medical staff working in the emergency department told the Red Star journalist that in the past work, people who did come to see a doctor by pretending to be sick generally did not deliberately expose them, and they would be treated according to normal diagnosis and treatment. The inspection should be advised to go back to rest and persuade them to leave. It is considered to be very unqualified for this kind of behavior that takes up the queue for medical treatment and medical resources. "If there are many such behaviors, the hospital will issue relevant regulations in the future, which will add trouble to those who really come to see a doctor."

　　▲ Screenshot of the post of saving money by going to the emergency department of the hospital for the night.

　　Bloggers send "coup" to save money by traveling;

　　"You can pretend to be sick and go to the hospital for emergency treatment for the night."

　　Netizens criticized "guiding others to occupy medical resources"

　　Recently, a blogger posted on a social platform that if you can’t book a room for travel, you can register to stay in the emergency room of the hospital. According to the screenshot of the net transmission, the blogger created his own "small coup" to save money for overnight travel, and emphasized that big hospitals such as the top three hospitals are five-star hotels with intimate service and comfortable recliners.

　　The blogger also described in detail a series of procedures for registering and seeing a doctor in his post: registering at the emergency window of the hospital after 10 pm, taking blood pressure and temperature at the triage desk, washing after "confirming that he is not sick", lying that he coughed and was out of breath when seeing a doctor, and asking the doctor to prescribe oxygen instead of medicine, and staying in the hospital for the night at the price of 3 yuan per hour. The time of oxygen inhalation can be determined according to his sleep habits. "A total of 30 yuan can spend the night on the hospital lounge chair, and the nurse will help look after the luggage."

　　On October 9, when Red Star journalists searched the above-mentioned bloggers’ accounts on the platform, they found that they could not find the relevant accounts. However, by searching keywords on the platform, the reporter found that other bloggers still posted similar posts. According to a blogger, his company organized a very remote (local) physical examination, and decided to stay in the hospital because he couldn’t go back that day. At that time, the doctor immediately opened a hospital for him, or a single room.

　　▲ Another netizen shared the post "Where can I spend the night without staying in a hotel?"

　　The blogger also said in his post that the hospital fee is basically about one day in 60 yuan, but only when the beds are free, and a sick note can be issued. Later, when the blogger went to Hangzhou to play, he had a physical examination in a local hospital because he couldn’t find accommodation. "I was given an accommodation. I was called up at 6: 30 the next day and took a color ultrasound. I let me go. I spent 220 yuan before and after. The accommodation price in Hangzhou was not lower than that in 600 yuan that day."

　　Since the post of "saving money by spending the night in the hospital emergency room" was exposed, it immediately triggered a hot discussion among netizens. Many netizens left a message in the comment area, "This is guiding others to occupy medical resources, which will seriously interfere with the normal order of hospitals and the work of medical staff"; "Emergency overnight not only wastes medical resources, but also affects patients who really need emergency services. Can you sit still in the rest area here? " Some people also said, "Not to mention the need for doctors to judge the condition, all kinds of patients will be received all night, as well as the sounds of various instruments, all kinds of painful screams, and the lights will shine like daylight, so you won’t go even if you are asked to go" … …

　　▲ Reply from the platform involved

　　On October 10th, the Red Star journalist contacted the customer service (professional assistant) of the platform involved. The other party said that in this case, you can click the reporting option on the platform, and provide the relevant materials of the whistleblower according to the corresponding prompts on the page, and the corresponding Commissioner will follow up the verification. "The platform will take one or more of the following measures based on the facts independently identified by it, such as: limiting the scope of display, banning accounts, banning accounts, and pursuing legal responsibilities according to law."

　　Emergency medical staff:

　　Encountered pretending to be sick to see a doctor.

　　But it is almost impossible to achieve the goal of staying overnight at a low price.

　　"Emergency departments at home and abroad are roughly divided into five major areas, including pre-hospital emergency triage area, hospitalization observation area, rescue area, emergency inpatient ward (including general ward and emergency intensive care unit) and infusion area." Xiao Wei, a medical staff member in the emergency department of a third-class first-class hospital in Guangzhou, told Red Star that the day shift and night shift in the domestic emergency department are similar. The day shift is the normal administrative time, around 8: 00 -18: 00, and the rest of the time is night shift. "After the outpatient clinic is closed, the emergency department becomes busy, usually at noon and evening, as well as on the eve of holidays and during holidays."

　　Regarding the bed problem in the emergency department, Xiao Wei said that there will be beds in the rescue area and the observation area, but the number is not very crowded, and they all need to go through the formalities. "The emergency inpatient ward, like the inpatient department, needs hospitalization procedures to live. There are 5 beds in our infusion area, which are used by patients who need infusion. After transfusion, they must get up and lie down for patients who need it later. People who don’t need infusion are not allowed to lie down. " In addition, Wei also said that the general process of treating patients in the emergency department is: when patients arrive in the emergency department, there is a triage desk, and the nurses at the triage desk will evaluate the patient’s condition, roughly grade the condition by asking questions, measuring heart rate and blood pressure, and queue up for treatment according to the grading system.

　　"Patients who pretend to be sick have also encountered some. The triage nurse generally does not refuse to consult, and the registration will be hanged. However, if it is recognized that he is pretending, he will be told that he must queue up according to the order of diagnosis and treatment and cannot jump the queue. After it’s his turn to see a doctor, the doctor will judge his condition. It’s really fake, and he won’t open an oxygen inhalation or a bed for you to lie down for one night. " Wei said, because doctors also know that he is responsible for the patients in every bed he arranges, he also needs to make records and shift the next doctor, and so does the nurse. "It is easier for people who pretend to be sick to see it. Ask more questions, do some relevant physical examinations, open tests for him, and he will refuse to check. However, (medical staff) generally will not deliberately expose the illness, so they will still be treated according to normal diagnosis and treatment. The inspection should be advised to go back to rest and persuade them to leave. Even if there is a free bed, it is impossible to give him a night. "

　　In addition, regarding the aforementioned problems of being drunk and being hospitalized for physical examination, Xiao Wei admits that the control of being hospitalized in the emergency department is stricter than that in the general outpatient department, so the situation of being hospitalized in the emergency department through being drunk or being hospitalized for physical examination hardly exists in the emergency department. "Unless the condition of drunkenness is very critical, it will definitely be hospitalized for treatment. “

　　"This online ‘ Planting grass ’ I was a little shocked by the situation. It is not excluded that some people have done this and succeeded, but this situation generally does not appear in busy public hospitals. However, many hospitals are expanding now, and the new campus of some hospitals is indeed well decorated and equipped, and it is not excluded to open beds to live in order to generate income; Moreover, some young doctors are inexperienced. If people who come to see a doctor strongly demand to stay overnight even if they have not detected any problems, there are also empty beds. For safety reasons, doctors may think that he may have mental illness and let him stay for one night. " Wei told reporters that they had had patients with mental and sleep problems before, and only asked for oxygen and overnight stay, but the patient did have mental problems. "In short, the hospital emergency department generally does not refuse to consult, but it must abide by the order of diagnosis and treatment, because emergency patients will definitely give him priority in cutting in line. Moreover, sometimes in an emergency, such as a new patient who needs to be rescued, if there is a lack of beds, the emergency department does not rule out letting patients with mild illness give up their beds, take wheelchairs or seats first, and wait until the beds are turned around before returning them to patients with mild illness. "

　　"Patients with colds and fever usually need to leave after the fluid is lost, and they are not allowed to stay in the emergency room. If medical staff find that someone is pretending to see a doctor, they will continue to urge them to leave. " The medical staff in the emergency department of a second-class hospital in China also told reporters that in the past, there were cases in which patients broke into the emergency room for the night by themselves in the middle of the night, and the medical staff would drive away the people who occupied the beds during the morning rounds. "Under normal circumstances, all patients who saw a doctor in the emergency department, as long as they did not apply for hospitalization, would ask the patients to leave after the treatment, and would not be allowed to stay overnight. It is almost impossible for people without symptoms to want a bed in the emergency department through the normal medical treatment process to achieve the purpose of staying overnight at a low price in the hospital. "

　　The medical staff also said that doctors will diagnose the specific symptoms of patients and will not blindly meet the requirements of patients. I just want to take oxygen when I cough, so don’t prescribe medicine ’ In fact, not everyone is suitable for oxygen inhalation when coughing. Even if oxygen inhalation is allowed, it is only allowed for twenty or thirty minutes. After simple treatment, the patient needs to leave, and it is impossible to stay overnight. "

　　Red Star Journalist Luo Mengjie Intern Wang Zixuan

　　The new mode of self-service scanning code checkout has now become the "standard" of many supermarkets, and it is also the first choice for many citizens to check out after shopping in supermarkets. However, there have also been cases in which a few people steal supermarket goods for the sake of being cheap, without scanning the commodity code. A related person from the Beijing Municipal People’s Procuratorate said that since 2019, the cases of "supermarket theft" in Beijing using supermarket self-checkout procedures have shown an increasing trend. Procuratorial organs have issued procuratorial suggestions for comprehensive management from the perspective of improving the loss prevention mechanism of self-checkout supermarkets. At the same time, it also provides 32 specific suggestions and measures to standardize the loss prevention work of self-checkout supermarkets.

　　"Supermarket Thief" Stares at Small Snacks

　　Nowadays, many supermarkets have introduced self-checkout machines, where customers scan their own goods and then self-checkout by scanning the code. This way saves customers’ waiting time and has won the support of many consumers. At the same time, this convenient means has also been targeted by a few people who are greedy for petty gains and used to commit theft.

　　The reporter of Beijing Youth Daily combed the relevant legal documents related to "supermarket theft" published by the refereeing document network and China Procuratorate network, and found that the perpetrators in many cases of "supermarket theft" had committed many thefts.

　　A judgment issued by the Chaoyang District People’s Court in Beijing in 2021 shows that a post-90s woman used the supermarket self-checkout equipment from May to September 2020 to steal the box lunch, cakes and other goods sold in the supermarket for more than 30 times, with a total value of more than RMB 1,800.

　　Another verdict issued by the Shijingshan District People’s Court shows that a post-80s man stole goods from a supermarket in Shijingshan District 14 times from September to October 2020 by taking out some goods without checking out at the time of self-checkout.

　　Among the relevant legal documents collected by the reporter of Beiqing Daily, the goods stolen by the perpetrators are mainly food and drinks, and most of the time the amount of stolen goods is not high.

　　In the relevant legal documents, the thieves are both young people after 90 and elderly people over 60. Many of the perpetrators have a university education. One woman who works in a university in Beijing has a doctoral degree, but in March 2020, in a store in Haidian District, Beijing, she repeatedly stole yogurt, beef tendon and other commodities by paying without scanning the code.

　　Many "supermarket thieves" have been sentenced.

　　According to the Beijing Municipal People’s Procuratorate, in response to the phenomenon of "supermarket theft", the Beijing Municipal Procuratorate organized a special class to establish a database for "supermarket theft" cases in 16 districts and counties of the city. Through a comprehensive analysis of the basic situation of the subjects involved, the details of the crime and various sentencing circumstances, the criteria for conviction and the application of compulsory measures were formulated, and the standards for handling cases were unified. At the same time, the procuratorial organs also carried out investigation and research on the traceability of similar cases in combination with the follow-up disposal of administrative punishment and the transfer of illegal and criminal clues, and put forward suggestions for governance.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily noticed that many criminal suspects who committed "supermarket theft" have been sentenced by the court. The above-mentioned criminal suspect Li Moumou, who was taken out of a supermarket in Shijingshan District for 14 times without checking out some goods, stole the price of goods totaling RMB 7716.5 through value evaluation. The court ruled that Li was guilty of theft, sentenced to one year’s imprisonment, fined 10,000 yuan, and ordered Li to pay back more than 7,000 yuan from the murdered supermarket.

　　Another woman, Liu Moumou, who used self-checkout equipment in a store in Jiuxianqiao, Beijing, has stolen lunch boxes, cakes and other goods in the supermarket for more than 30 times. The court found that the total value of her stolen goods was more than 1,800 yuan. The court finally convicted Liu of theft, sentenced him to five months’ detention, suspended for five months and fined him 3,000 yuan.

　　The prosecution issued a comprehensive management procuratorial proposal.

　　The members of the investigation team of the procuratorate against "supermarket theft" said that the subjective factors of the criminal suspect’s "supermarket theft" include weak legal awareness, luck or revenge. In addition, the weak anti-theft system of supermarket self-checkout and the arbitrariness of self-reconciliation are also important factors leading to the high incidence of "supermarket theft" cases and their derivative crimes.

　　Therefore, on August 25th, the Beijing Municipal People’s Procuratorate issued a comprehensive management procuratorial proposal to the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Commerce from the perspectives of improving the self-checkout supermarket loss prevention mechanism, improving the enthusiasm of supermarket enterprises to enhance their loss prevention ability by using scientific and technological means, and establishing a daily communication and coordination linkage mechanism for supermarket loss prevention. At the same time, it also provides 32 specific suggestions and measures to standardize the loss prevention work of self-checkout supermarkets. "For example, in order to better fix the relevant evidence of self-service settlement disputes, we suggest that Shangchao enterprises record and transmit customer checkout video information in the self-service cashier area according to law. The video storage time of shops is not less than one month, and the video storage time of large supermarkets is not less than three months." Liu Zhe, deputy director of the First Procuratorial Department of the Beijing Municipal Procuratorate, said, "These specific suggestions and measures come from the whole city in the past three years ‘ Supermarket thief ’ The experience in handling such cases, as well as the management experience of the previous hospitals in handling and issuing procuratorial suggestions on individual cases, are closer to the practice of self-checkout operation of Shangchao. "

　　sound

　　Supermarket managers: New prevention technologies are being popularized.

　　Mr. Sun, a manager of a large supermarket chain in Beijing, told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that at present, almost all the stores in the supermarket have introduced self-checkout equipment, which saves the labor of the supermarket, shortens the queuing time of customers and reduces the gathering of people. However, there are indeed a few people who commit theft in order to take advantage of small things.

　　Mr. Sun said that in general, the staff of the supermarket will be on duty in the self-checkout equipment area, which is mainly responsible for providing guidance to the elderly and other people who are not familiar with the self-checkout machine. They will also pay attention to which customers have missed the checkout goods and remind them at any time. "A person on duty may be responsible for five or six checkout machines at the same time, and there will be situations that cannot be taken care of." To this end, the mall will also take some technical means to assist in processing. Some problems are often not discovered until the inventory, which is also the reason why some thieves were discovered after they succeeded in stealing many times.

　　Mr. Sun said that there are some new technologies that can ensure that merchants can be reminded at the first time after the "supermarket theft" happens. "New technologies are the future direction and will continue to be popularized in the future."

　　Procuratorial organ: recording special programs to show up

　　A related person from the Beijing Procuratorate said that in order to improve the loss prevention work of the self-checkout system of Shangchao enterprises, the procuratorate participated in the recording of the relevant TV program "Supermarket Theft", combined with the experience of handling cases, conveyed the concept of the rule of law, and enhanced the people’s awareness of knowing the law, understanding the law, abiding by the law and usage.

　　At the same time, the procuratorial organs will take the "punishment" and "governance" of "supermarket theft" as a small incision to promote the construction of misdemeanor governance system and refined management system of megacities, and will promote the construction of big data model and light application of ordinary crime prosecution and misdemeanor prosecution as a whole, providing data support for tracking and paying attention to the changes of procuratorial business data indicators before and after the crime of "supermarket theft" governance, and promoting the overall improvement of traceability governance efficiency.

　　Legal person: petty theft or criminal responsibility.

　　Han Xiao, a lawyer of Beijing Kangda Law Firm, also told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that the self-checkout machine relies on the integrity of all aspects of society. Consumers should fulfill the principle of good faith when self-checkout and consciously scan the code to pay. Taking away the goods without scanning the code is legally a theft, and it will be criminally responsible for stealing for greed and cheapness.

　　This group/reporter Qu Chang

1905 movie network news　On April 18th, the film Say Goodbye released two official posters. In the warm color background, interact with a puppy respectively; The former is smiling, and the eyebrows and eyes are full of innocence; The latter seems to be testing and teasing each other with the puppy, and the concentration of expression makes people laugh and feel warm. The film tells a story about "farewell" — — Little Man (Zifeng Zhang), a girl, tries hard to help people with odd jobs, striving to earn a "sea view room" for her dead mother, until a stray dog (Tata) accidentally comes into her life, and in her own unique way, makes Little Man learn to say the once-difficult "goodbye". The film is directed by producer and new director Dong Hongjie, starring Zifeng Zhang and Wang Jingchun, especially Tata.

Zifeng Zhang Wang Jingchun’s first performance of father and daughter strength partner acting guarantee

In the poster, a dog with gold and white fur licks Zifeng Zhang’s cheek enthusiastically. The puppy’s eyes are sincere, and the girl can’t help smiling. The two are close and lovely against the warm yellow background; Wang Jingchun held a piece of wood close to the puppy’s nose. Under his gentle gaze, the puppy looked up and sniffed. The picture was quiet and beautiful, and the atmosphere of warmth and healing was full of appeal. The title font in the upper left corner of the poster is also quite ingenious. The animal elements such as puppy paw prints and ears are vivid and vivid, and they blend with the childlike and slightly rough handwriting, which appropriately echoes the soft and light mood of the picture, striking and novel, making people shine.

The film is starring Zifeng Zhang and Wang Jingchun. The former is a new generation of powerful actors with many excellent works, and the latter is a veteran film emperor with unique acting skills. This time, he plays father and daughter for the first time, which makes people look forward to the spark of their partnership. Zifeng Zhang has never been afraid to try all kinds of different roles since she became an artist. No matter Chen Chen, who is pure and enthusiastic, or Enron, who is tough and stubborn, she has touched countless audiences because of her pure and sincere interpretation. This time, it is an unprecedented new attempt to play a girl who lost her mother in her early years and made a living by doing odd jobs by transporting goods. She keeps company with missing and loneliness all day long, and performs a healing journey with stray dogs. Wang Jingchun once won a number of Best Actor awards at home and abroad for his forbearing and restrained father role in movies. In recent years, besides being active on the big screen, he has also created lively and grounded people in many high-quality dramas with both popularity and reputation. In the poster, he is kind and friendly, and gets along well with the puppy, which adds a little warm imagination to the father he played this time. Of course, there is another special star who can’t be ignored — — Tata, the puppy actor who plays the stray dog in the film. Although the poster released this time only gives people a glimpse of its furry head, it is enough to make the audience, especially the pet fans, love it and be curious about the film.

The theme of pets heals people’s hearts, and the master works hard to interpret affectionate farewell.

In recent years, with the sharp increase in the number of pets and pet owners, the precious and intimate emotional connection between human beings and pets has become increasingly difficult to ignore. In the hearts of many pet owners, these lives that need their care but bring them companionship, peace and happiness without reservation should no longer be called "pets", but family members, which are their soft reliance in the face of ordinary busy life, and are indispensable and irreplaceable existence in life. Xiao Man, a girl played by Zifeng Zhang, has the greatest wish to buy a "sea view room" for her dead mother. In order to realize this important wish, she worked hard to save money among all kinds of freight odd jobs, during which an unexpected encounter with a stray dog (Tata ornaments) changed her life; Xiaoman saw the same loneliness and fragility from this strange life, so she gradually grew up in the process of giving time and love to the puppy, and learned to face the loss and say goodbye to the person she loved and the past. The film "Say Goodbye" cuts in from the perspective close to the present life, seemingly aiming at the relationship between people and pets, but in fact it also looks deep into the secret corner of people’s hearts, explores the truth of companionship and loss, and initiates thinking about life and love.

Director Xue Xiaolu is the producer of this film. She has always been good at sketching and presenting the warm little things and sincere feelings of ordinary people in daily life from a plain and delicate perspective. Whether it is a soft and strong father and son who depend on each other, or a story of a little person who is full of human fireworks and real grounding, as a creator who is good at observing life, there is no doubt that she knows how to talk about "love" and "warmth" Director Dong Hongjie is a newcomer, and Goodbye is his first cinema feature film. This time, she cooperated with producer Xue Xiaolu and chose this story about the relationship between people and pets and farewell, taking a step towards more personal and intimate feelings, which is not only a breakthrough in theme expression, but also a touch of scarcity in domestic films. Let’s wait and see!

The film "Say Goodbye" is produced by Xue Xiaolu, directed by newly-appointed director Dong Hongjie, starring Zifeng Zhang and Wang Jingchun, and starring Tata in particular. Let’s look forward to the film landing in the cinema and meeting the audience as soon as possible!

　　The cold wave surged in.

　　Winter flu season strikes ~

　　How uncomfortable is it? I know everything!

　　Just ask what to do?

　　Pick up a small notebook and look down quickly …

　　Our common influenza (referred to as "influenza" for short) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which usually causes many people to be infected in a certain season or time period and has obvious seasonality.

　　According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, the seasonal epidemic of influenza virus can lead to an average of about 3 million to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory disease-related deaths worldwide every year.

　　Recently, according to the latest data from China CDC, acute respiratory infectious diseases are on the rise, among which influenza virus accounts for 10.8% of all respiratory infectious diseases, far exceeding other pathogens.

　　What’s the difference between flu and common cold? What does the "48 hours" of flu treatment mean? With the flu, can you carry it hard? In this regard, the reporter of CCTV Finance China Good Doctor interviewed Yang Yanli, deputy director of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and asked her to talk about the flu …

　　one

　　The 48 hours of flu treatment is the "golden period"!

　　Yang Yanli

　　Deputy Chief Physician, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital

　　Antiviral treatment within 48 hours.

　　Can reduce severe illness

　　48 hours after the onset of influenza, we call it 48 hours of medication. Try to take effective antiviral drugs within 48 hours of gold, and then use them more than 48 hours, and the curative effect will be much worse.

　　Influenza virus is highly contagious and spreads quickly, mainly through respiratory droplets, but also through contact. The incubation period after infection is generally 1~4 days, with an average of 2 days.

　　(Image from the Internet)

　　Yang Yanli said that antibiotics should not be used indiscriminately after being infected with influenza virus. Influenza is a virus, and antibiotics can inhibit or kill bacteria, but they are useless to viruses.

　　How to quickly tell if you have the flu?

　　Keep in mind "one fever, two pains and three fatigue":

　　Yishao

　　High fever lasting for several days, the body temperature can reach 39 ~ 40℃, and chills and chills may occur.

　　Ertong

　　There are often symptoms of headache and muscle aches all over the body.

　　Three fatigue

　　Extremely tired and weak, listless.

　　2

　　The flu is hard to carry? Beware of complications!

　　In daily life, although many influenza and common cold are respiratory diseases, they are not the same. Do not treat influenza as a common cold.

　　Believe that in life

　　Many people don’t believe in "evil"!

　　Think it’s just a cold

　　Carry it for a few days.

　　Is that really the case?

　　If the symptoms of the common cold appear and it is clearly diagnosed that it is not the flu, you can carry it appropriately according to your personal physique, usually drink more water, rest more, pay attention to keep warm, and your condition will gradually improve.

　　Although influenza is also a self-limiting disease, its course of disease is long and its symptoms are serious. If you carry it hard, you may miss the "golden time" of influenza treatment, which will lead to aggravation of symptoms and complications, such as pneumonia, myocarditis and heart failure. At the same time, it will increase the risk of infection and reduce the quality of life.

　　What circumstances require timely medical treatment?

　　Be alert to severe cases and seek medical advice in time when the following situations occur:

　　Persistent high fever: body temperature ≥39℃ for more than 3 days.

　　Difficulty breathing or lack of oxygen.

　　The respiratory rate increased, and the oxygen saturation was lower than 90%.

　　Consciousness disorder: including coma, lethargy, delirium and other manifestations.

　　Severe dehydration: dry mouth, poor skin elasticity, decreased urine output or anuria.

　　Significant chest pain or abdominal pain: It may indicate pneumonia, myocarditis or intra-abdominal infection.

　　three

　　Vaccination is the most economical and effective!

　　How to better prevent influenza virus? Yang Yanli suggested that vaccination is the most economical and effective way to prevent influenza. September to November is the best time for influenza vaccination every year. All people aged 6 months and above who have no vaccination contraindications can get influenza vaccination, especially the elderly, children, patients with chronic basic diseases and other high-risk groups.

　　Expert tips

　　Influenza vaccination has the following taboos:

　　Any other ingredients in eggs or vaccines (including excipients, gentamicin, formaldehyde, kanamycin, cracking agent, excipient, etc.), especially those who are allergic to ovalbumin.

　　Suffering from acute diseases, acute attack of severe chronic diseases and fever.

　　Uncontrolled epilepsy and other progressive neurological diseases, with a history of Guillain-Barre syndrome.

　　When suffering from high fever or acute infection, it is recommended to vaccinate at least 2 weeks after the symptoms subside.

　　If there is any nervous system reaction after injection, it is forbidden to use this product again.

　　Family members and individuals with a history of convulsions, chronic diseases, epilepsy and allergic constitution should use this product with caution.

　　Yang Yanli emphasized that in daily life, even if you are vaccinated with flu vaccine, you should do a good job in the flu season! At the same time, it is necessary to ensure nutrient intake, strengthen the body and improve the body’s immunity.

　　it goes like this…

　　The flu happens every year, and some people get it every time!

　　And why can someone always avoid it perfectly?

　　What did they do right?

　　It is very important to get flu vaccine, do personal protection and improve personal immunity!

　　Tips for small doctors

　　Influenza season is coming! In order to prevent the flu, we should not only do the above measures correctly, but also insist on daily window ventilation, regular disinfection, cheerful mood and regular work and rest, so that the flu can see you running around!

　　　　　　 CCTV News:Recently, the flu epidemic has been high in many areas. In this regard, the doctor reminded that three major misunderstandings should be avoided in dealing with the flu.

　　　　　　 You can’t judge the severity of the disease just by the temperature.

　　　　　　 Recently, the flu virus has come to the fore, and many people have been recruited. The doctor said that it is wrong for patients to judge the severity of their illness only by their body temperature, regardless of the common cold or influenza. It is necessary to combine the patient’s own appetite, physical strength, mental state and other comprehensive factors to judge the severity of their illness.

　　　　　　 Zheng Rongxiu, chief physician of the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, said: "Actually, judging the severity of the illness, body temperature is not an absolute indicator. Recurrence of fever is a very common symptom in the course of colds and flu. Because fever itself is a normal response of our body to the pathogen, the process of fever is actually a manifestation of our body’s struggle with the pathogen, so when the pathogen is not completely removed from the body, fever must be repeated. The most important thing to judge (flu) is to look at a state of the patient’s whole body. What is his spirit? "

　　　　　　 It is a misunderstanding to take medicine "just for a few days"

　　　　　　 In addition, some flu patients take some cold medicine, and their symptoms are relieved, so they think they are cured. In fact, this is also a misunderstanding. The doctor said that cold medicine is only a "symptomatic medicine" to relieve symptoms, and any cold symptoms need to be eliminated through the resistance of the patient’s own immunity.

　　　　　　 Zheng Rongxiu, chief physician of the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, said: "Many of us have misunderstandings in the treatment of colds, and we always hope that some drugs will get better as soon as we eat them. We have a lot of anti-cold drugs now. It just relieves your symptoms and makes you feel better, but it has no effect on the course of the disease itself. After the course of the disease, most patients can recover by our body immunity. "

　　　　　　 Drinking water should be done in a small amount and many times.

　　　　　　 At the same time, the doctor also suggested that no matter what kind of cold the public suffers from, the best treatment is to rest and drink water. Among them, drinking water is also particular.

　　　　　　 Zheng Rongxiu, chief physician of the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, said: "I think it is best to drink a small amount of water many times. Drinking more water can promote the discharge of the virus. Some people keep drinking from jar to jar when they say to drink more water. In this case, there are disadvantages. Sometimes it will cause water poisoning, which is not good for the patient’s recovery and increases the burden on our heart and kidneys. "

　　　　　　 Finally, the doctor suggested that the flu is frequent in winter, and when the weather is good, you should open the window frequently, wash your hands frequently, exercise more, and get the flu vaccine on time.