Moral education curriculum is the most important carrier of moral education in primary schools. Reviewing the changes of moral education curriculum in primary schools since the founding of New China 70 years ago, and summarizing the experience of moral education curriculum construction will help to better implement the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue and cultivate socialist builders and successors.

　　Four stages of the development of moral education curriculum in primary schools and their characteristics of the times

　　Before the reform and opening up — —

　　There is no unified moral education curriculum.

　　In March, 1952, the Ministry of Education promulgated the Provisional Regulations for Primary Schools (Draft), pointing out that primary education should "give children a comprehensive basic education", in which the purpose of moral education is to make children have good qualities such as patriotism, national morality, honesty, courage, unity, mutual assistance and discipline, and the main content is the "five loves" education of loving the motherland, people, labor, science and public property. In 1953, the State Council issued the Instruction on Rectifying and Improving Primary School Education, and primary school moral education began to emphasize the education of daily behavior norms. The first primary code, published in 1955, put forward specific requirements for the daily behavior norms of primary school students. Generally speaking, from the founding of New China to 1956, moral education in primary schools focused on the cultivation of moral quality and behavior habits, which was more in line with children’s characteristics. However, with the expansion of the "anti-Rightist" struggle in 1957, this situation has undergone great changes.

　　In April 1958, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a national conference on education. The meeting pointed out that education is a tool of class struggle and should serve politics and production. In September of the same year, the Instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Education clearly stated that "the Party’s educational policy is that education serves the politics of the proletariat and combines education with productive labor". Since then, moral education courses have shifted from paying attention to moral education to political education. Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places took the lead in setting up political courses in primary schools, and then gradually expanded to most parts of the country. At the same time, the Ministry of Education requires primary schools to add a class meeting every week to educate students on current affairs and politics, and the political tendency of moral education in primary schools begins. During the ten-year "Cultural Revolution" that began in 1966, the normal school education order was destroyed and school moral education was completely politicized.

　　Reform and opening up to the end of the 20th century — —

　　From political lessons to ideological and moral lessons

　　Before the reform and opening up, there was no unified national curriculum for moral education in primary schools. In 1978, the Ministry of Education promulgated the "Trial Draft of Full-time Ten-year Primary and Secondary School Teaching Plan", which stipulated that politics classes should be offered in the fourth and fifth grades of primary schools, with two class hours per week, mainly to carry out preliminary communist ideological education and necessary political knowledge education. The unified political course has not changed the political tendency of moral education in primary schools, but it was abolished in 1981, so it can be regarded as a transition. However, it is the first time in New China to explicitly set up a political course in the teaching plan, which is of great institutional significance for moral education to get on the right track.

　　From April 22 to May 7, 1979, the Ministry of Education held a national symposium on ideological and political education in primary and secondary schools. After the symposium, the Minutes of the National Symposium on Ideological and Political Education in Primary and Secondary Schools were issued, which criticized the formalism and adult practices in moral education and pointed out that "the ideological and political work of primary and secondary school students must proceed from reality, pay attention to the age characteristics of teenagers, be targeted and stress practical results". This has played a positive role in correcting the politicization and adult tendency of primary school political lessons. In March 1981, the Ministry of Education promulgated the "Full-time Five-year Primary School Teaching Plan (Revised Draft)". In the "Explanation on Revising the Teaching Plan of Full-time Five-year Primary School", it is pointed out in particular: "At present, the political lessons in the fourth and fifth grades are divorced from the students’ ideological reality, and the effect is not good. According to the spirit of adhering to the Four Cardinal Principles and strengthening ideological education for young people, the current political class will be changed into an ideological and moral class, with one class hour per week for grades one to five. " From the primary school political lesson in 1978 to the primary school ideological and moral lesson in 1981, this important change has effectively corrected the tendency of politicization and adulthood of primary school moral education, and turned primary school moral education into cultivating students’ moral quality.

　　In 1982, the Ministry of Education promulgated the "Teaching Outline of Ideological and Moral Courses for Full-time Five-year Primary Schools (Trial Draft)", stating that the purpose of ideological and moral courses for primary school students is to "make primary school students initially have communist moral quality and good behavior habits, and aspire to be workers with ideals, morality, culture and discipline, so as to lay an ideological foundation for training them to be successors of the proletarian cause". Around this goal, the ideological and moral course takes "five loves" (love the motherland, love the people, love labor, love science and love socialism) as its basic content, and combines with the implementation of primary code to educate primary school students on the moral quality and behavior norms that citizens in socialist countries should have, and strives to arrange the teaching content reasonably according to the age characteristics of primary school students. This is the first time that New China has systematically and scientifically constructed the content system of moral education courses in primary schools. Later, according to the requirements of social development and the needs of the situation, the syllabus of ideological and moral course in primary schools (1986), the syllabus of ideological and moral course in full-time primary schools with nine-year compulsory education (preliminary draft) (1990) and the syllabus of ideological and moral course in full-time primary schools with nine-year compulsory education (for trial implementation) (1992) were promulgated successively. Through the continuous revision of the syllabus, the content of ideological and moral course is more in line with the age characteristics of primary school students, and it is more moral enlightenment and life-oriented for primary school students.

　　In 1994, "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Strengthening and Improving Moral Education in Schools" was promulgated, pointing out that the moral education system in schools should be planned as a whole. To implement this opinion, in 1997, the State Education Commission issued "Curriculum Standards for Ideological and Moral Courses in Primary Schools and Junior High Schools in Nine-year Compulsory Education (Trial)", which is the first time to replace the syllabus with curriculum standards, and to determine the teaching objectives and requirements of moral education courses in primary schools and junior high schools as a whole, plan the teaching content system of ideological and moral courses in primary schools and junior high schools, and complete the task of integrating ideological and moral courses in primary schools with junior high schools.

　　Compared with the previous syllabus, the curriculum standard of primary school ideological and moral course in 1997 emphasized the cultivation of good moral quality and civilized behavior habits, and highlighted the foundation and extensiveness of moral education. In the form, it emphasizes the hierarchy, stage, continuity, step by step and spiral rise of teaching.

　　New Curriculum Reform in the 21st Century — —

　　Offering courses on morality and life, morality and society in stages.

　　In 2000, the general offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving Moral Education in Primary and Secondary Schools to Adapt to the New Situation, proposing that we should proceed from reality, thoroughly study the current ideological and moral characteristics of students, revise the curriculum standards of ideological and moral courses in primary schools and ideological and political courses in middle schools, further reform and improve the teaching content, and strive to build a moral education curriculum system in primary and secondary schools to meet the needs of development in the 21st century. According to this opinion, the Ministry of Education made necessary revisions to the curriculum standards of ideological and moral education in 1997, and in 2001, it promulgated the Curriculum Standards of Ideological and Moral Education in Primary Schools and Ideological and Political Education in Junior High Schools for Nine-year Compulsory Education (Revised). However, with the start of the new curriculum reform in 2001, the ideological and moral course has been changed into moral and life, moral and society, with new curriculum standards. In 2001, the curriculum standards of ideological and moral education in primary schools only played a transitional role.

　　In June 2001, the Ministry of Education promulgated the Outline of Basic Education Curriculum Reform (Trial). The "Outline" proposes "to set up a nine-year compulsory education curriculum as a whole". In primary school, comprehensive courses are the main courses, and morality and life are offered in lower grades, while morality and society are offered in middle and high grades. In 2002, the Ministry of Education officially promulgated the Curriculum Standards of Morality and Life in Full-time Compulsory Education (experimental draft) and the Curriculum Standards of Morality and Society in Full-time Compulsory Education (experimental draft).

　　From ideological and moral course to moral and life, moral and society, these two course standards and ideological and moral course standards have changed greatly in course nature and design ideas. The changed course name emphasizes activity and comprehensiveness more, which is more suitable for the characteristics of primary school students in low and middle grades. Moral and life curriculum is connected with kindergarten curriculum, which is an active comprehensive curriculum based on children’s life and aimed at cultivating children with good moral character, willingness to explore and love life. It is designed according to three axes: children and self, children and society, and children and nature. Morality and Society course is a comprehensive course based on children’s social life and promoting students’ good moral character formation and social development. It focuses on children’s social life, from individual, family, school to community, hometown, motherland and the world, and forms six modules, such as "I am growing", "I am with my family", "I am with my school", "I am Chinese" and "approaching the world". In 2011, the state promulgated the curriculum standards of Morality and Life, Morality and Society (2011 edition), which kept pace with the times in content and reflected the requirements of the times. At this stage, the management of teaching materials is "one syllabus and many books", which is examined and approved by the textbook review Committee of primary and secondary schools of the Ministry of Education.Multiple sets of teaching materials are selected for use at the same time.

　　Entering a new era — —

　　Use the unified textbook "Morality and Rule of Law"

　　On October 23, 2014, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee adopted the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Advancing the Rule of Law, which proposed that the rule of law education should be integrated into the national education system, and the rule of law knowledge courses should be set up in primary and secondary schools. To implement this Decision, in June, 2016, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Justice and the National Law Popularization Office jointly issued the Outline of Youth’s Legal Education, requiring timely and corresponding revision of moral education curriculum standards in primary and secondary schools to complete the teaching content required by the outline. Starting from the fall semester of 2016, the state has changed Morality and Life, Morality and Society in primary schools and Ideology and Morality in junior high schools into Morality and Rule of Law, and set up special books on the rule of law in the second volume of grade six and the first volume of grade eight.

　　On the one hand, the compilation of the textbook Morality and Rule of Law for primary schools is based on the curriculum standards of Morality and Life, Morality and Society and the Outline of Education for Teenagers under the Rule of Law; on the other hand, it is based on the fundamental task of cultivating people in the new era, highlighting the guidance of socialist core values, and strengthening the education of Chinese excellent traditional culture, revolutionary culture, rule of law, national sovereignty awareness and national unity. "Morality and Rule of Law" is compiled by the Ministry of Education, with "one syllabus and one book", reviewed by the National Textbook Committee and used nationwide. Since 2017, the unified textbooks have been used in the first and seventh grades, in the second and eighth grades in 2018, and in the autumn of 2019, all grades will be fully covered. In January 2019, the Ministry of Education initiated the revision of the curriculum standards for compulsory education, and the curriculum standards for Morality and Rule of Law are currently being formulated.

　　Future-oriented,Constructing the overall moral education curriculum suitable for children

　　Since the founding of New China 70 years ago, moral education courses in primary schools have grown from scratch, from political lessons to ideological and moral lessons, from ideological and moral lessons to morality and life, morality and society, and then to morality and rule of law in the new era. The course has both a changing side and a constant side. What remains unchanged is the initial intention of moral education curriculum — — To cultivate all-round socialist builders and successors, the contents and organizational forms of moral education have changed, such as from a single political education to paying attention to moral education and then to both morality and law, from instilling political dogma to constructing children’s moral life, from meeting the requirements of society to meeting the common needs of social development and individual development, from "one program with many books", choosing to use one program with one book, and using it in a unified way.

　　Looking forward to the new era, the development of moral education curriculum in primary schools should achieve four points: first, put the moral education curriculum in primary schools into the overall framework of "the integration of moral education in colleges, middle schools and primary schools" and design the moral education curriculum in primary schools step by step and spirally. Second, take children as the center, construct children’s moral life, including children’s communication life with themselves, others, society, country and the world, transcend individuals and realize the integration of individuals and society. Third, construct the content system of "Great Moral Education" course. Moral education is not only a political course, but also an ideological and moral course. It is a "grand moral education" that includes ideological and political education, moral education, rule of law education, psychological education and traditional culture education. The content of moral education not only has a stable side, but also keeps pace with the times and embodies the times. Fourth, highlight the national will of moral education curriculum. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Ideological and political course is the key course to implement the fundamental task of Lide Shuren." In the new era, we must adhere to the Party’s overall leadership over the construction of ideological and political courses, make unremitting efforts to cultivate people with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, the supreme leader of the new era, strive to cultivate new people of the times who are responsible for national rejuvenation, and cultivate socialist builders and successors who are fully developed morally, intellectually, physically and artistically.

　　(The author is distinguished professor, director of the Institute of Moral Education of Nanjing Normal University and Changjiang Scholar of the Ministry of Education)

　　The Central Rural Work Conference was held in Beijing from December 28th to 29th. The meeting put forward the road of rural revitalization in Socialism with Chinese characteristics for the first time, and clearly defined the timetable and road map of rural revitalization strategy. The meeting made it clear that by 2020, important progress will be made in rural revitalization, and the institutional framework and policy system will basically take shape; By 2035, decisive progress will be made in rural revitalization and agricultural and rural modernization will be basically realized; By 2050, the countryside will be fully revitalized, and strong agriculture, rural beauty and farmers’ wealth will be fully realized.

　　The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the strategy of rural revitalization for the first time. This is the general strategy to promote China’s agricultural and rural modernization in the future, and it is also the general starting point for China’s "three rural" work in the future. To truly revitalize the countryside, we must use the idea of reform and innovation to remove all kinds of obstacles that hinder the development of agriculture and rural areas, stimulate the potential of various rural elements and the vitality of various subjects, and continuously inject new kinetic energy into the development of agriculture and rural areas.

　　First, closely focus on the fundamental goal of simultaneous modernization of agriculture and rural areas

　　Since the beginning of the new century, how to build a well-off society in an all-round way has become a top priority for China’s economic and social development. The 16th, 17th and 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China are all based on the strategic goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in 2020, and put forward requirements and arrangements for the work concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that it is an important task for building a well-off society in an all-round way to coordinate urban and rural economic and social development, build modern agriculture, develop rural economy and increase farmers’ income. The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that it is necessary to strengthen the basic position of agriculture, take the road of agricultural modernization with China characteristics, establish a long-term mechanism to promote agriculture through industry and bring rural areas through cities, and form a new pattern of integration of urban and rural economic and social development. The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China once again stressed that the integration of urban and rural development is the fundamental way to solve the problems concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers. It is necessary to intensify the overall planning of urban and rural development, enhance the vitality of rural development, gradually narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, and promote the common prosperity of urban and rural areas. Under the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee, in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way in the past decade or so, China’s agricultural and rural development has made historic achievements and undergone historic changes.

　　While affirming the achievements, we should also be soberly aware that the dual structure of urban and rural areas is obviously still the biggest structural problem in China at present, and the lagging development of agriculture and rural areas is the most prominent manifestation of insufficient development imbalance in China. From the perspective of income and consumption, although the income and consumption expenditure of rural residents have increased faster than that of urban residents in recent years, in 2016, the per capita income and consumption expenditure of urban residents in China were still as high as 2.72 times and 2.28 times that of rural residents, respectively, and the penetration rate gap of household cars, air conditioners, computers and other durable consumer goods between urban and rural residents is still very large. From the perspective of overall labor productivity, in 2016, non-agricultural industries reached 121,300 yuan per capita, while agriculture was only 29,600 yuan, the former was 4.09 times that of the latter. From the perspective of infrastructure, in 2016, 46.2% of rural households in the country used ordinary dry toilets, and even 2% of households did not have toilets; 26.1% of village domestic garbage and 82.6% of village domestic sewage have not been treated centrally or partially; 38.1% of the main roads in the village have no street lamps. From the perspective of basic public services, in 2016, 67.7% of the villages did not have kindergartens or nurseries; 18.1% of villages have no clinics, and 45.1% of villages have no licensed (assistant) doctors. From the perspective of social security, the current rural minimum living security, new rural insurance and new rural cooperative medical insurance standards are also significantly lower than those of urban residents and urban workers. This is only the gap in quantity. If we look at the quality, the gap between urban and rural areas will be even greater.

　　According to the deployment of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China will basically realize socialist modernization in 2035, which is 15 years ahead of the previous deployment. In 2050, China will be built into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modernization power, which is higher than the goal described before. Although new changes and progress will take place in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way in the next three years, the dual structure of urban and rural areas in China will still be quite prominent when the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way is achieved in 2020. From this starting point, China will enter a new journey of building socialist modernization in an all-round way. How to keep up with the pace of national modernization in agricultural and rural development is a major challenge before us. If the key to a well-off society depends on fellow villagers, then it can also be said that the key to modernization is agriculture and rural areas. The fundamental starting point of implementing the rural revitalization strategy is to keep the modernization of agriculture and rural areas in sync with the modernization of the whole country.

　　Second, firmly grasp the two principles of priority development and integrated development

　　Under the background of the obvious dual structure of urban and rural areas, in order to promote the synchronization of agricultural and rural modernization and national modernization, we must deepen our understanding of the important assertion that "the problem of farmers in agricultural and rural areas is a fundamental problem related to the national economy and people’s livelihood" and truly "always solve ‘ Agriculture, countryside and farmers ’ The issue is the top priority of the whole party’s work. " In particular, it is necessary to implement the new development concept and adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas and the integration of urban and rural development.

　　Adhering to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas means giving full play to the role of the tangible hand of the government and making efforts to make up for the shortcomings of national modernization. The focus is on two aspects: first, promote the priority allocation of public resources to agriculture and rural areas. This is an urgent need to eliminate the stock gap of basic public services between urban and rural areas, and it is also an inevitable requirement to prevent the incremental gap of basic public services between urban and rural areas. After years of hard work, the "four beams and eight pillars" of the rural basic public service system have been set up, realizing a historic change from "nothing" to "something". At present, the main problem is that the gap between urban and rural areas in the field of public services is still too large, and the level of protection of rural public services is too low. We should take "having" as the main direction, continue to promote the integrated development of urban and rural compulsory education, focus on improving the quality and convenience of rural compulsory education, improve the basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents, focus on increasing farmers’ basic pension, improve the unified basic medical insurance system and serious illness insurance system for urban and rural residents, focus on increasing the proportion of farmers’ reimbursement, coordinate the urban and rural social assistance system, and focus on improving the standard and coverage of rural minimum living security. Increase investment in rural roads, water supply, power supply, communications and other infrastructure, and accelerate the construction of rural domestic garbage and sewage treatment capacity. The second is to improve the effectiveness of agricultural support and protection policies. In recent two years, the state has begun to adjust and improve agricultural support and protection policies.Such as the implementation of cotton target price subsidy pilot, the implementation of corn "market acquisition+producer subsidies", and the promotion of agricultural "three subsidies" system reform. In the future, China’s agricultural support and protection policy should continue to increase, and the key is to adjust the focus of the policy. We should highlight the direction of competitiveness, increase investment in farmland water conservancy, land consolidation, agricultural science and technology, and professional farmers’ training, so as to promote agricultural cost reduction and efficiency improvement. We should also highlight the direction of green ecology, increase investment in returning farmland to forests, returning farmland to wet areas and beaches, water-saving irrigation, farmland fertility protection, reduction of fertilizers and pesticides, recovery of agricultural wastes, over-exploitation of groundwater and treatment of areas polluted by heavy metals, so as to promote the sustainable development of agriculture.

　　Adhering to the integrated development of urban and rural areas means giving play to the role of the invisible hand of the market and making great efforts to promote the quality change, efficiency change and power change of agricultural and rural development. China’s agriculture and rural areas have changed from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. To achieve high-quality development requires the rationalization of urban and rural resource allocation and the integration of urban and rural industrial development. In the future, solving the problems concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers will depend on the strength of towns, and solving the problems of cities will also depend on the strength of villages. Cities and villages should be harmonious, interactive and interdependent. First, rural areas should respond sensitively to the new needs of cities and towns. The demand of urban residents for agricultural products has been well met, but the demand for agricultural products quality has not been well met; Rural areas are required to provide not only sufficient and safe material products, but also ecological products such as clean air, clean water, quiet rural scenery, and spiritual products such as farming culture and homesickness. To catch these new demands, we should accelerate the transformation of agricultural development from increasing production to improving quality, and vigorously develop new industries and formats such as rural leisure tourism and old-age care. Second, cities and towns should respond sensitively to the new needs of rural areas. To develop resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture, new fertilizers and low-toxicity and high-efficiency pesticides are urgently needed; To promote "machine substitution" in the agricultural field and improve agricultural labor productivity, agricultural machinery with high cost performance is urgently needed, especially small agricultural machinery suitable for hilly and mountainous areas and cash crop production; Improve the rural living environment, improve the quality of life of farmers,There is an urgent need for new building decoration materials, solid and durable garbage and sewage treatment equipment, economical and applicable kitchen and bathroom and other household necessities. To catch these new demands, we should speed up the adjustment of the technical structure and product structure of industrial departments and improve the pertinence and efficiency of "industrial products going to the countryside".

　　Third, earnestly grasp the three keys of "people, land and money"

　　The implementation of rural revitalization strategy is a systematic project, which requires scientific planning and comprehensive promotion of various revitalization measures in accordance with the general requirements of "prosperous industry, ecologically livable, civilized rural customs, effective governance and affluent life". The core is to grasp the three keys of "people, land and money":

　　(a) to promote the decline in the proportion of rural population and structural optimization. In 2016, the proportion of rural population in China is still as high as 42.65%, and the proportion of employment in the primary industry is also as high as 27.7%. A considerable part of the urban resident population from rural areas has not been fully integrated into the towns where they are employed and live. Generally speaking, China is still in the development stage of "to be rich, farmers must be reduced". We must unswervingly promote the new urbanization with people as the core and continue to promote the rural population to enter cities and the transfer of agricultural labor force. At the same time, we should also note that the rural population entering the city and the transfer of agricultural labor force in China are characterized by "elite immigrants", and the population entering the city and the transferred labor force are obviously superior to those staying in the countryside in terms of age, education level and gender ratio. To realize rural revitalization, we must pay attention to optimizing the rural population structure and improving the quality of rural human capital while promoting the decline of the proportion of rural population. It is necessary to optimize the structure of agricultural practitioners and speed up the training of modern young farmers, leaders of new agricultural business entities and agricultural professional managers. We should not only pay attention to discovering and cultivating new professional farmers from those who are still in rural areas, but also pay attention to guiding some willing migrant workers to return home, college students who have come out of rural areas to return home, and all kinds of talents who have grown up in cities to the countryside, and introduce modern science and technology, production methods and business models into agriculture and rural areas. Speed up the training of a "three rural" work team that understands agriculture, loves the countryside and loves farmers.Comprehensively improve the ability and level of national civil servants, scientific and technological personnel, teachers and doctors in rural areas.

　　(2) Accelerate the establishment of a land security mechanism for rural revitalization. Deepening the reform of rural land system is an urgent need to promote the construction of modern agriculture and develop new industries and formats in rural areas. First, we should improve the method of "separation of powers" in rural land with the goal of agricultural modernization. With the changes in the employment structure, income structure and even residence of contractors, the gradual withdrawal of the "first generation of farmers", the reluctance of Nong Erdai to farm, and the improvement of the social security system in urban and rural areas, the livelihood guarantee function of contracted land is declining, and the function of production factors is highlighted. Therefore, we should adjust and improve the empowerment of collective ownership, farmers’ contracting rights and land management rights to prevent land abandonment and excessive increase in land rent. Second, we should improve the management policy of agricultural facilities land. More flexible and relaxed management policies should be implemented for facilities such as cold chain, primary processing, leisure picking and storage of agricultural products, and supporting land such as parking lots, toilets and restaurants. Third, we should optimize the layout of urban and rural construction land. Effectively implement the existing policy of "determining a certain proportion of the annual new construction land plan indicators to support new rural industries and new formats". Prudently improve the operation methods of linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land and balancing the occupation and compensation of cultivated land, leave land space for rural revitalization, and do not rush to relocate rural construction land to cities or underdeveloped areas to developed areas. Fourth, we should explore effective ways to revitalize rural idle homesteads. On the premise of not buying and selling rural homesteads,Actively explore specific ways to effectively use rural idle homesteads. For example, rural collective economic organizations can save construction land such as village renovation and homestead consolidation, and develop rural leisure tourism and pension industries and rural three-industry integration projects by means of shareholding and joint venture. For another example, rural collective economic organizations can make full use of idle farmhouses and homesteads through leasing and cooperation.

　　(3) Establish and improve the institutional mechanisms conducive to the flow of all kinds of funds to agriculture and rural areas. Whether it is to achieve "industrial prosperity" or "ecological livability", it needs a lot of capital investment. We should raise funds for rural revitalization from various channels such as finance, finance and social capital. First, we must reform the financial input mechanism for supporting agriculture. On the one hand, we must persist in taking agriculture and rural areas as the priority areas of fiscal expenditure and ensure a moderate increase in investment in agriculture and rural areas; On the other hand, we should focus on innovating the way of use and improving the efficiency of supporting agriculture. Do a good job in two articles: "integration" and "incitement". "Integration" means giving full play to the leading role of planning, bundling all kinds of agriculture-related funds as much as possible to form a joint force. "Inciting" means giving full play to the leverage of financial funds and guiding financial and social capital to invest more in agriculture and rural areas by means of awards, interest subsidies and guarantees. Second, we must accelerate rural financial innovation. A considerable part of rural deposits can not be converted into investment in rural areas, and it is an urgent practical problem to flow to cities through the siphon effect of financial institutions. It is necessary to take a two-pronged approach from "building mechanisms" and "building institutions". "Building a mechanism" is to implement the incremental incentive policy for agricultural loans.We will implement differentiated supervision and assessment methods for financial institutions that have reached a certain proportion of agriculture-related businesses, appropriately decentralize the business examination and approval authority of county branches, and solve the problem of insufficient enthusiasm for putting in loans for agriculture, rural areas and farmers. "Building institutions" is to optimize the establishment mode of rural banks, improve the coverage of counties and cities, carry out internal credit cooperation of farmers’ cooperatives, support existing large financial institutions to increase county outlets, and solve the problem of insufficient market participants in lending to agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Third, we should encourage and guide social capital to participate in rural revitalization. Encourage social capital to develop modern breeding, agricultural service, agricultural product processing, leisure tourism and pension industries suitable for enterprise management in rural areas. Innovate the interest linkage mechanism and guide social capital to drive farmers instead of replacing them. Strengthen the protection of property rights and stabilize investors’ expectations. (Ye Xingqing is the Minister and Researcher of Rural Economic Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center)

Loucai purchase letter [2020] No.28

 Loudi bureau of finance

About Loudi Municipal Government Purchasing Electronic Store Suppliers to Settle in

Notice of relevant matters

 

In order to deepen the reform of government procurement, improve the transparency and efficiency of government procurement, our city has set up Loudi government procurement electronic store in Hunan Province, and plans toIt was officially put into operation in September 2020. Electronic store is a platform for government procurement transaction and supervision based on information network technology. All budget units at all levels in the city will purchase goods, services and projects below the government procurement quota standard in Loudi electronic store. In order to ensure the smooth entry of suppliers into electronic stores, relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

First, online registration

Legal persons and other organizations that are not listed in the list of serious dishonesty and abnormal business operations can enter the Hunan provincial government procurement electronic store if they agree to abide by the Commitment Letter for Entering the Hunan Provincial Government Procurement Electronic Store.

oneSuppliers log on to Hunan Provincial Government Procurement Network (http://www.ccgp-hunan.gov.cn/)Or the Hunan provincial government purchases electronic stores (Https://hunan.zcygov.cn/), fill in the name of the company and the mobile phone number of the administrator (the mobile phone number of the administrator must be consistent with the mobile phone number registered by the bank) for registration, and the registration area is selected at the same level in Hunan Province.

2. Enter the basic information of the company, basic qualification, specific qualification, credit information, investor, financial information and personnel information management when registering the supplier. Among them, suppliers, small and micro enterprises, prison enterprises and welfare enterprises that require specific qualifications and qualifications according to laws and regulations can upload corresponding certification materials and enjoy relevant preferential policies.

The specific requirements for information reporting are as follows:

Fill in the basic information of the type of enterprise. If it is a small and micro enterprise, prison enterprise, welfare enterprise, etc., and upload the corresponding certification materials, the system will automatically calculate the price deduction according to the highest proportion stipulated by policies supporting energy-saving and environmental protection products, two-type products and small and micro enterprises in the bidding transaction process.

The basic qualifications mainly include business license, social insurance certificate, organization code certificate and tax registration certificate. Suppliers can apply the five certificates in one according to the qualification type of the unit/three certificates in one) to fill in the qualification information and upload the corresponding scanned documents.

Specific qualifications mainly refer to the certification materials for enterprises to obtain professional and technical capabilities in the industry field, such as construction enterprise qualifications, safety production licenses, computer information professional qualifications, etc. If suppliers have corresponding qualifications, please fill in the qualification information and upload the corresponding scanned documents.

Enterprises that fill in credit information obtain credit rating certificates.

The investor shall fill in the relevant information of the enterprise investor.

Financial Information Fill in the recent financial information of the enterprise.

Personnel information is mainly filled in by the legal representative of the enterprise.

3. After the enterprise information qualification is filled in, save it and submit it to the platform operator for verification. After the verification is passed, the mobile phone will receive a short message indicating that the registration has been successful.

4. After successful supplier registration, download the Commitment Letter of Hunan Provincial Government Procurement of Electronic Stores in the process of electronic store suppliers’ entry, affix the official seal of the company and sign it by the legal person, and upload it to the electronic store. After the verification of the commitment letter, the supplier settled in successfully.

Second, registered goods

1. Commodity standards: The registered commodities shall conform to the national mandatory standards, the standards issued by the trade association or the standards implemented by self-declaration, the government procurement policies, the formal and legal sources, the provision of after-sales service according to regulations, and the responsibility of "three guarantees". The settled suppliers shall not provide counterfeit, pirated and infringing goods or goods prohibited by the state from being sold, as well as goods specially purchased by the Hunan government.

Imported goods of overseas origin shall be registered and put into storage only after they have been approved by the customs declaration certificate. Commodities that do not meet the mandatory national standards shall not be listed on the counter or participate in bidding.

2. Registered commodities: All commodities are classified and registered according to the commodity classification standards stipulated by the Ministry of Finance and the commodity classification standards of electronic stores, including commodity names, model specifications, registered trademarks, maximum price, government procurement discounts, parameter configuration or service contents, inspection reports and other information.

Commodities include goods and services, and accessories and services that are independent of commodities should be priced separately as independent commodities, but the accessories and services included in the market quotation shall not be split. Goods that are not registered for storage shall not be sold on the counter or participate in bidding.

The resident supplier shall register the suggested retail price of the brand or the reasonable quotation recognized by the market and industry associations as the maximum price of the goods, and adjust it in time with the market changes. The settled suppliers should provide evidence that can be verified in the market, and the maximum price should not be higher than the quotations in other markets at the same time. The quotation of the goods on the OTC and competitive bidding (group purchase) of the settled suppliers shall not be higher than the maximum price limit of the registered goods.

Government procurement discount is the preferential treatment and support of resident suppliers to government procurement, which is proposed by resident suppliers or negotiated with financial departments and purchasers on a regular basis. The discount rate agreed between the resident supplier and the purchaser shall not be higher than that agreed with the finance department at the same level, and the discount rate agreed with the finance department at a lower level shall not be higher than that agreed with the finance department at a higher level.

3. Classification identification: the goods registered in the warehouse will be automatically classified and identified. Goods with registered trademarks owned by resident suppliers will be marked as "brand goods" by the system. Goods that have no registered trademark, parameter configuration or service content inconsistent with the brand, the highest price is higher than the brand’s highest price, or obviously deviate from the market price or cannot be verified, and the settled suppliers join the trade association but the core parameters are incomplete will be marked as "own goods".

Third, issue a letter of increase

After the supplier handles the letter increase (see the attachment for details)3), can carry out related business in electronic stores.

The resident supplier shall submit the credit line that can be inquired and verified in the resident commercial bank and guarantee institution, and convert it into electronic credit enhancement after system verification; Can also be issued by the commercial banks and guarantee institutions that have not settled in the Hunan Provincial Government Procurement Electronic Store (see Annex for the format)2) After being verified by the designated institution of Hunan Provincial Department of Finance, it will be converted into electronic credit enhancement.

For OTC goods, the credit limit shall not be less than30,000 yuan, the time is not less than one year; Authorized agent, the credit line should be not less than 100,000 yuan, and the time should be not less than one year; To participate in the bidding project quotation, the credit line shall be no less than 5% of the budgeted amount of the bidding project and the validity period shall not be shorter than the project time requirement.

The system will verify the electronic credit enhancement and lock the credit limit according to the following requirements when the resident supplier has OTC goods, participated in quotation, signed a contract and the brand authorized other resident suppliers to act as agents: if the electronic credit enhancement of the resident supplier has not locked the credit balance and the time is not up to the requirements, the related business and quotation shall not be handled.

Fourth, consultation on electronic stores

1. Customer service hotline: 4008817190;

2. Supplier QQ Group (1058135282). Please indicate the company name and personnel information when joining.

3. Online consultation: Please click "Consultation Tips" on the right side of the homepage of Hunan Provincial Government Procurement Electronic Store:

4. Help Center (Frequently Asked Questions):https://help.zcy.gov.cn/

five.Self-service message (question feedback)：https://customer.zcy.gov.cn/feedback

Attachment:1. Commitment letter of Hunan provincial government to purchase electronic stores.

                    2. Hunan provincial government procurement electronic store entry guarantee

                    3. Electronic credit enhancement process

 

                                                                                                                                                                    Loudi bureau of finance

                                           2020yearfourmoon24sun

attachmentone

Commitment letter of Hunan provincial government to purchase electronic stores

 

The company voluntarily became the supplier of Hunan provincial government procurement electronic stores. The legal representative (person in charge) of the Company has read and understood the Interim Measures for the Administration of Government Procurement of Electronic Stores in Hunan Province, and made the following commitments on behalf of the Company:

1. The Company bears civil liability independently, has a good business reputation and a sound financial accounting system, pays taxes and social security funds according to law, and has no record of major violations in its business activities in the previous three years, and is not included in the list of serious acts of dishonesty. The registered information is true, accurate and effective, and it is willing to be made public and accepted by all sectors of society.

Second, the company’s products meet the national mandatory standards, as well as the group standards issued by industry associations or the standards implemented by self-declaration of resident suppliers, which are in line with government procurement policies. The source channels are formal and legal, and after-sales service is provided according to regulations, and the company undertakes."Three Guarantees" responsibility, the quotation is not higher than that of other markets in the same period. Our company does not provide counterfeit, pirated and infringing goods or goods prohibited by the state from being sold, or goods specially purchased by the Hunan government, and abides by price discounts, and assumes management responsibility for the quality and price of goods with registered trademarks and authorized agents. The information of goods on sale and participating in bidding is true, accurate and effective, and they are willing to accept supervision from all walks of life.

3. The Company agrees to abide by the trading rules of Hunan provincial government procurement electronic stores, accept the verification of operators, obey the ruling of the financial department on objections, and accept the supervision and inspection of the financial department.

The company agrees that if the above commitments are violated, the financial department will increase the credit guarantee and transfer it to the state treasury.

 

Name of company (unit):                       (Seal)

Legal representative (person in charge):                 (signature)

 

           year     moon     sun

 

attachment2

 

Hunan provincial government procurement of electronic stores in the guarantee.
(format)

Number:      

                           ：

According to the Measures for the Administration of Government Procurement of Electronic Stores in Hunan Province, the applicant               (Supplier’s name) applied to settle in Hunan provincial government procurement electronic store. guarantor               (Name of Guarantor) unconditionally and irrevocably guarantees that, within the validity period of this guarantee, upon receipt of your written request.Within 5 working days, the applicant will be                 (in words) Pay to your designated account.

 

This guarantee is from         year   moon   Solstice         year   moon   Keep it valid for days.

 

Name of guarantor:                                 

land          Address:                                 

 

                   year         moon         sun

 

 

According to the recommendation of Dietary Guidelines for China Residents, adults should eat 200-400g of fruit every day. The 200-400g here refers to the weight of the pulp eaten, excluding the peel, seeds and stones. Take apples as an example. A Fuji apple weighs about 250 grams, and there are 200 grams left after removing the core, so the amount of 400 grams a day is roughly equivalent to eating two apples.

Eating fruit is also very particular. Most fruits have high dietary fiber and sugar content. Eating too much will cause stomach pain, abdominal distension and increase blood sugar. Experts remind that eating fruits should pay attention to diversity. For example, eat an apple, and then eat some strawberries, oranges, etc. in moderation, which not only ensures enough food, but also enriches nutrition.

In the way of eating fruit, many citizens like to drink freshly squeezed juice, which is delicious and simple. In fact, juicing is not as good as eating directly, because juicing will lose dietary fiber, vitamins, reduce satiety and increase the rising speed of blood sugar. Others consider whether the fruit is cooked and eaten well. Some fruits with low vitamin C content and thick meat, such as apples, pears, peaches and bananas, can be considered cooked if they feel uncomfortable or not delicious when eaten raw. Stewed, steamed and roasted taste good. But some fruits are better eaten raw, such as strawberries, grapes, watermelons and other juicy fruits.

The time to eat fruit is also particular. After a night’s rest in the morning, the function of the gastrointestinal tract is still recovering, so it is best to choose fruits that are not too acidic and astringent. People with poor gastrointestinal function should not eat fruits at this time, especially persimmons, oranges and hawthorn. Bananas are also not suitable for eating on an empty stomach, which will speed up the movement of the stomach and increase the burden on the heart. When eating fruit between meals, fructose and glucose in the fruit can be quickly absorbed by the human body. For example, fresh dates are best eaten before meals, but eating too much may cause hyperacidity and bloating. Pineapples can be eaten after lunch, and watermelons are best eaten two hours after meals. Eating fruit 1 hour after a meal helps digestion, and you can choose fruits with high organic acid content such as pineapple and hawthorn. But don’t eat a lot of fruit after dinner, which is not good for digestion, and it is easy to turn fructose into fat and accumulate in the body because of eating too much.

Some fruits are not suitable for everyone, such as kiwi fruit, mulberry, strawberry and other seeded fruits, which can promote defecation, and are more suitable for people with constipation. If it is easy to have diarrhea, don’t eat more. Pineapple, kiwi, mango, fig and other fruits may cause allergic and intolerant reactions in a few people. If there are uncomfortable reactions such as swelling of throat mucosa, headache and stomachache after eating, you should avoid eating them. The sour taste in bayberry, plum, plum and other fruits will stimulate gastric mucosa together with gastric acid, which is not suitable for patients with ulcer disease.

Out of concern about pesticide residues, many people will worry about eating the peels of apples, pears, peaches and other fruits. In fact, they can eat them safely as long as they are carefully rinsed or soaked in salt water before eating. If you are still worried about the safety of the peel, peel it and eat it.

There are many ways to store fruits. It’s best to put apples, pears and other temperate fruits into plastic bags first, and then put them in the refrigerator for preservation. Tropical fruits can’t be put in the refrigerator, or they will be frozen. Just put them in a cool place at room temperature, and leave a little mouth in the bag, and check them frequently to avoid rot.

Experts especially suggest that fruits should not be piled up in a box to avoid squeezing each other. Eat the soft and ripe fruits first, and take out the diseased or moldy fruits immediately to avoid infecting other fruits. Wash those with dirt or mold on the surface gently. If you really can’t finish eating, you can make some fruits into jam, soak them in fruit wine, or soak them in honey.

For obese people, as long as it is not sour fruit, eating before meals is conducive to a sense of fullness, reducing the amount of food for the next meal, and is beneficial to controlling blood pressure and weight. On the contrary, those thin and malnourished people may affect their appetite for dinner if they eat a lot of fruit before meals. (Zheng Haiyan, Wang Biao)

　　[car home Information] Mr. Zhang’s Audi Q7 had a minor accident, and the insurance company later set a loss of more than 80,000 yuan. This price is really not cheap on an ordinary car, but as an imported car, the victim Mr. Zhang does not have much doubts. It’s just that a car lamp with a price of more than 50 thousand yuan appeared in the insurance loss list. In fact, the car lamp was not damaged in the accident. Although Mr. Zhang was puzzled, he still trusted the 4S shop and did not question it. After half a year, Mr. Zhang saw in the maintenance record that the last total maintenance cost was only more than 10 thousand yuan, and where did the remaining less than 70 thousand yuan go? Did it go into the pocket of a 4S shop?

●　In the case of a minor accident, the staff of the 4S shop fixed the damage on their behalf, and the amount of fixed damage was as high as more than 80,000 yuan, and the undamaged headlights were fixed at 50,000 yuan.

　　The 2019 Audi Q7 55TFSI technology driven by Mr. Zhang was out of danger on February 3 this year. The time when Mr. Zhang was out of danger coincided with the Spring Festival, so he was dragged to work on February 7 after the holiday to go through the relevant loss determination procedures. It was the employees of the 4S shop who gave Mr. Zhang a loss determination.

"2019 Audi Q7 55TFSI technology type"

　　According to the vehicle inspection photos taken by the 4S shop, the right front face, the right front fender and the right front wheel of the vehicle are all bruised to varying degrees. The insurance company’s loss-fixing records show that the car’s loss-fixing replacement amount is 82,534 yuan, of which the most expensive accessory is the right front headlight assembly with a loss-fixing price of 50,254 yuan, followed by the front bumper with a loss-fixing price of 13,086 yuan, followed by the right front fender with a loss-fixing price of 6,220 yuan.

"Mr. Zhang’s Audi Q7 test photo"

　　In the inspection photos, the right fender was the most seriously damaged, basically all the fenders were deformed, and there were many scratches on the paint surface and the wheel eyebrows were damaged, so it was really necessary to replace them. The bumper only has scratches on the right front side, and obvious scratches can also be seen on the right wheel rim. However, the right front headlight of the vehicle is not damaged, and it can still be lit normally, and no visible scratches can be seen.

Mr. Zhang’s inspection photos of Audi Q7 right front headlight showed no obvious damage.

　　All the damage assessment procedures went smoothly. After the damage assessment documents came out, Mr. Zhang only had doubts about the damage assessment of the right front headlight. Mr. Zhang said that the right front headlight was inspected on the day of the accident, and there was no damage, but I don’t know why the damage was given. The after-sales staff of the 4S shop said that there was a hole behind the right front headlight, so it needed to be replaced. Although Mr. Zhang had doubts about this, he didn’t think much about it. He thought that the 4S shop should not be faked, so he didn’t pursue it again.

●　Mr. Zhang accidentally found something fishy. 4S shop: The accessories are genuine, but they are not original parts. I hope to sum up for fear of being fined.

　　Mr. Zhang’s car was later repaired by the 4S shop. After half a year, a dramatic scene happened. Before preparing for a major maintenance, Mr. Zhang wanted to check the last maintenance record, so he downloaded an App from FAW Audi. Later, Mr. Zhang found the maintenance record entered by the 4S shop during the last Spring Festival, which showed that the maintenance amount was 13,863 yuan, which was 68,671 yuan lower than the previous loss amount of 82,534 yuan. So where did the 68,671 yuan go? In the 4S shop maintenance record provided by Mr. Zhang, the most expensive right front headlight assembly in the previous damage assessment document did not appear in the maintenance list.

"Mr. Zhang’s Audi Q7 has a fixed loss of 82,534 yuan. Click on the picture to see a bigger picture."

　　Mr. Zhang felt that the 4S shop was tricky, so he directly called the 400 customer service of FAW Audi manufacturer, and the complaint immediately took effect. The 4S shop then contacted Mr. Zhang to communicate. Mr. Zhang said that during the negotiation, the after-sales staff of the 4S shop said that the most expensive headlight group was genuine and had a customs declaration form, but it was not originally purchased by Audi, which means that the headlights were sub-factory parts. The explanation given by the after-sales staff of the 4S shop is that the original accessories of Audi are very expensive. This statement was subsequently confirmed in the 400 customer service of FAW Audi, saying that the 4S shop has two systems.

"The maintenance fee that Mr. Zhang found on Audi App is 13,863 yuan."

　　Mr. Zhang believes that it is naked fraud for 4S stores to replace the original parts with deputy factory parts. According to Article 55 of the Consumer Protection Law, fraud should be refunded for one and compensated for three. Mr. Zhang filed a claim for compensation with the 4S shop and hoped to get at least 2.5 times the compensation. 4S stores may face hundreds of thousands of penalties for fear of fines from manufacturers, so they seek reconciliation from Mr. Zhang, and hope that Mr. Zhang can cancel the complaints from manufacturers and agree with Mr. Zhang’s demands, saying that it will satisfy Mr. Zhang.

　　Ten days after Mr. Zhang withdrew the lawsuit, the 4S shop changed its tone again, saying that Mr. Zhang’s car was a bus, so it was not suitable for the relevant laws of returning one and losing three. Mr. Zhang said that his car is a personal car, only bought in the name of the company, not a business car.

"Statement given by Mr. Zhang"

　　Later, Mr. Zhang complained to the manufacturer’s 400 customer service again. However, after this complaint, the 4S shop ignored Mr. Zhang’s appeal, and neither the manufacturer’s customer service nor the 4S shop gave any follow-up compensation plan, only saying that the relevant accessories could be replaced. Mr. Zhang said, "In the follow-up, more than a dozen complaint calls were made. The manufacturer was more like a microphone. At first, there was a reply. Later, even the reply was gone, and no substantive problem was solved."

　　Two weeks ago, Mr. Zhang complained about this matter to the Changsha municipal hotline. On November 21, a market supervision administration in Changsha called Mr. Zhang and said that the 4S shop had a requisition, which could prove that the parts replaced for Mr. Zhang were not sub-factory parts. Mr. Zhang said that the regulatory authorities have never called themselves before and have not communicated accordingly. But last Friday, Mr. Zhang received WeChat from the after-sales staff of 4S shop. "The industrial and commercial department has stepped in and will talk to both parties later. Please know!" Mr. Zhang has doubts about the relevant investigation links, because no one has inquired about the victims.

　　At present, the 4S shop only promises to replace the parts that Mr. Zhang has doubts about, but does not give any compensation. Mr. Zhang’s own appeal is that the accessories can be replaced according to the insurance loss. At the same time, the 4S shop should make a refund for fraud.

●　Related practitioners: 4S stores do have hidden rules for purchasing accessories through non-original channels, and consumers will not be informed.

　　Practitioners of relevant 4S stores said that the maintenance of 4S stores must use the original authorized accessories, but at present, some 4S stores do have hidden rules in the industry, that is, one is to order authorized original accessories from formal channels, and the other is to buy accessories from non-original channels. Although the manufacturer explicitly requires that the 4S store must purchase accessories from the manufacturer, the 4S store has accessories purchasing indicators every year, and some indicators are almost the same, or the ordering cycle of the original accessories is too long, the 4S store will consider purchasing from outside, and the 4S store will have a fixed cooperation channel for outsourcing. However, 4S stores usually don’t take the initiative to tell consumers which are original accessories and which are not. In fact, these are all non-compliant. Consumers usually think that 4S stores provide original accessories.

"The picture is only a sign, and has nothing to do with the case."

　　At the same time, when determining the damage, the insurance company will authorize the brand that the accessories and maintenance prices of 4S shops are higher than those of ordinary repair shops, in order to be able to pay the related expenses of original accessories. After all, the price of original accessories is higher, and the use of non-original accessories for 4S shops is nothing more than making more money. It is also non-compliant for a 4S shop to handle the loss-fixing business for an insurance company.

●　Lawyer: In case of suspected consumer fraud, court proceedings will be the best way to obtain strong evidence.

　　Relevant lawyers said that there were many doubts about the operation of Audi 4S shop, and some accessories seen in the fixed loss were not seen in the maintenance list, which was directly suspected of consumer fraud. According to the 4S store, Mr. Zhang’s car is a bus, so the Consumer Protection Law is not applicable, but in fact, the Consumer Protection Law protects all citizens, regardless of public or private, and it does not affect the conclusion of consumer fraud. The company is also a consumer subject. Local legislatures almost unanimously believe that units are also the main body of legislative protection of consumer rights and interests, and the rhetoric of 4S stores obviously does not comply with relevant laws.

"The picture is only a sign, and has nothing to do with the case."

　　Lawyers suggest that if Mr. Zhang goes to relevant departments to obtain evidence, any link in the middle will be wrongly identified by unprofessional people, which will lead to Mr. Zhang’s failure to realize his claim. The shortest way for Mr. Zhang to solve this problem is to defend his rights through court proceedings and let the court intervene, so that the 4S shop as the defendant will have to bear the burden of proof. If the 4S shop continues to commit perjury, it can be directly identified as consumer fraud. According to the relevant provisions of the Consumer Protection Law, the court can directly punish the 4S shop according to law. If the evidence of the 4S shop is true, the court finds that there is no case of replacing the original parts with the deputy parts, and the items on the maintenance list are consistent with the actual risk assessment, then it can be judged that there is no fraud in the 4S shop.

　　According to the relevant provisions of Article 55 of the Law on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests, if a business operator commits fraud in providing goods or services, it shall increase the compensation for the losses it has suffered according to the requirements of consumers, and the amount of compensation shall be three times the price of the goods purchased by consumers or the cost of receiving services; If the amount of additional compensation is less than 500 yuan, it is 500 yuan. Where there are other provisions in the law, such provisions shall prevail.

"The picture is only a sign, and has nothing to do with the case."

　　Mr. Zhang previously said that there was evidence such as recordings of conversations with employees of 4S stores, but when the court made a judgment, it would combine other evidence to make a judgment in addition to the recorded evidence. Lawyers said that the court, as the main adjudication organ of disputes over civil legal relations, can achieve the most efficient and authoritative one-stop dispute settlement effect, especially when the time is relatively long and the two sides hold their own words, and court litigation is the most effective solution.

　　* Note:The cases selected in this paper are typical cases, which have no direct relationship with the number of complaints. For the sake of privacy protection, the owners in the real cases in this paper are all pseudonyms.

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　　"car home Complaint Platform" takes the mission of "providing consumers with a high-quality environment for car consumption and car use", devotes itself to safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of car owners, and builds an online information service and communication platform for consumers and businesses. Exclusive complaint hotline: 400-961-6666 to 5, and the answering time is 9: 00-18: 00.

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●　Write at the end:

　　Although insurance maintenance does not require consumers to pay any fees, it does not mean that it can be careless, and there are often hidden rules of profiteering in the middle. Before maintenance, consumers should confirm the relevant maintenance items, accessories and other information and ask for maintenance documents. Minor defects, major repairs, minor damage, direct replacement of new accessories, and use of non-original accessories may all occur. The quality of using non-original accessories cannot be guaranteed. If you are fully responsible, the cost of going out of danger may also affect the premium for the second year. Therefore, to remind consumers, we should still be vigilant and avoid mistakes in easy-to-neglect links. (Text/car home Qin Chao)

　　In the light snow solar terms, Hangzhou is still bathed in the warm sun. Our traditional culture in China pays attention to "don’t eat from time to time", and now it’s the season to eat cherries, and a new batch of cherries from abroad have been listed in China one after another.

　　The cherries flown in by air are neatly placed at the door of the store. Reporter Yan Xinei photo

　　"It sold for more than 1,000 yuan a week ago." On November 22nd, after visiting the fruit wholesale market and a number of chain fruit retail stores in Hangzhou, Chao journalists found that the price of cherries was still high, and foodies had to wait to realize the freedom of cherries.

　　The price is "prohibitive"

　　Some merchants did not purchase goods directly.

　　"Up to 3 or 4 boxes a day." When talking about the shipment of their own yellow cherries, the proprietress of Hangma Fruit Store shook her head again and again. "The purchase price is expensive, and I don’t dare to take more every day."

　　Wenhui fruit wholesale market. Reporter Yan Xinei photo

　　In Zhejiang Wenhui Fruit Wholesale Market, the reporter walked down and found that there were 30 or 40 merchants in the whole market, and many merchants only put four or five boxes of cherries in their stores. Some bosses simply didn’t buy any, and the reason was very direct, that is, the price was too high.

　　Subsequently, the reporter went to a number of fruit retail stores in the urban area. Many shopkeepers said that the price of cherries is too expensive now, and fewer people buy them, so they didn’t purchase them. Some chain stores have already started to sell, but the price is "prohibitive".

　　Generally speaking, the bigger the cherries are, the better the quality, such as 14 grams of 4J single fruit, 12 grams of 3J single fruit, 10 grams of 2J single fruit and 8 grams of single J single fruit. For example, a Dayong fruit shop on Tiancheng Road sells cherries with specifications of 3J this year at a retail price of 128 yuan per catty. If it is converted into a box, it should be 600 yuan at least. On the other hand, at a fresh fruit shop opposite, you can see that the signboard of "Fresh Wild Ace, here comes cherries" has been hung at the door, but at present, it is mainly for publicity, and the clerk said that it has not arrived yet.

　　Online price of cherries. Image from the network

　　Did Hangzhou Shangchao serve cherries, and what was the price? The reporter opened the APP search of "Box Horse" and "Sam" and found that a catty of cheap 2J cherries is around 100 yuan, and a catty of 3J cherries is around 120 yuan. A kilo of ordinary cherries on the online take-out platform is around 180 yuan.

　　Sea cherries haven’t arrived in Hong Kong yet.

　　It will take two weeks to realize the freedom of cherries.

　　Every November, imported cherries will be listed in China. Chile, Australia and New Zealand are the main producing areas of imported cherries in China. However, at the end of November this year, the long-awaited freedom of cherries came late.

　　"At this time in previous years, the price of cherries in Hangzhou has fallen for a long time. This year is different, and now the price is still running at a high level." Sister Mao, who has been engaged in fruit wholesale for many years in Zhejiang Wenhui Fruit Wholesale Market, told Chao News reporter, "Last year’s cherries were packed in a box of 5 kg, and the general price was more than 300 yuan. Now they are sold in 500 yuan. 4. The quality of 500 yuan is not so good. The better mulberry Tina (cherry variety) is now sold in more than 700 boxes."

　　Jianqiang Fruit in Wenhui Fruit Wholesale Market also sells cherries. "Now 2J black cherries sell a box of 350 yuan, with a box of 5 kg. The specifications of 3J are larger and the price is more than 400 yuan." The proprietress said that this year’s price is indeed higher than the same period of last year, and the price a few days ago is even higher than now. "A few days ago, 5 kg was sold to 1000 yuan. I have dropped some in recent days. "

　　Cherry in the fruit retail store. Reporter Yan Xinei photo

　　Why is it so expensive? The proprietress of Jianqiang Fruit revealed: "The main reason is that the newly listed cherries are all shipped by air from Chile, and the freight is much more expensive than that by sea. When the cherries shipped by sea arrive in Hong Kong two weeks later, the price of cherries will drop sharply."

　　It is understood that nearly 90% of Chilean cherries are exported to China. Because Chilean cherries shipped by sea arrived in Hong Kong later than last year, the fresh cherries on the Hangzhou market are basically airlifted from Chile.

　　The proprietress estimated the price according to previous years. "After two weeks, the price of 5 kg is more than 200 yuan a box, which can be nearly half cheaper, depending on when the goods arrive."

　　However, the proprietress also said that her goods had just arrived by air on the same day, "fresher than by sea."

　　There are many varieties of cherries.

　　It depends on the variety.

　　"Is there a yellow car?"

　　"Yes, it is expensive, a box of 4 kg and 4 Liang is more than 600 yuan."

　　Near noon, some customers came to the fruit wholesale market to buy yellow cherries, because the owner of the fruit shop offered a higher price. Finally, customers gave up buying yellow cars and bought cheaper mangosteen instead.

　　The customer said helplessly: "The yellow car is crisp and sweet, which is delicious, but the price is too much."

　　The reporter wandered around the market and found that the price of yellow cherries was the most expensive. When asked, the bosses all say that this is mainly because of the variety.

　　Yellow cherries sold in the fruit wholesale market. Reporter Yan Xinei photo

　　According to Mao Jie, an old merchant selling imported cherries, the origin of imported cherries in Hangzhou is mainly Chile, and there are many varieties. The market often sells black cherries such as Santina and Cordia, red cherries such as Brooks, Rabins and yellow cherries such as Rennie.

　　"The taste of cherries depends on the variety, such as Cordia and Santina, which are more delicious than the average variety of black cherries." Sister Mao said that when choosing cherries, you should choose "long legs"-the fruit handle is long and thin. "Under the same freshness, the varieties with long handles will taste better than those with short handles."

　　Reporter Yan Xinei photo

　　She also reminded that if you want to buy high-quality cherries, you should pay attention to the variety of cherries in addition to the 4J label that everyone is familiar with now. "Although you look at the color, the varieties are different, and the price will be much worse. Take yellow cherries as an example. Now the best varieties are sold for more than 800 boxes."

1905 movie network news Domestic adult-oriented animated films have recently started the second round of national limited-time limited screening. Since the screening week, the film has successfully stood out from many excellent films, achieved many good results, and set a new record for domestic animated films in 2019; The film showed 0.1% of the films, and rushed to the hot search list in Weibo against the trend for 4 degrees, which caused extensive discussion among netizens. The outstanding achievements of the film can not be separated from the recognition and support of the domestic audience for Guo Man. As the first IMAX domestic animated film, Ne Zha will officially land in major cinemas on July 26th.

Get full marks from audiences of all ages. "The greatest happiness is audience satisfaction."

As an animated film, Ne Zha has successfully subverted countless audiences’ definitions of animation and traditional myths, and has become one of the national masterpieces suitable for all ages. For the adult audience, the film doesn’t simply shout the slogan "Justice conquers evil" from beginning to end, but tries to present a protagonist Nezha who has real human feelings and wanders between good and evil in human nature. All characters, including Nezha, have no absolute villains and decency, and good and evil exist in everyone. Through the realistic role setting, the film won the empathy of countless audiences. Facing the praise of the audience at the screening, director jiaozi said that "we only need the satisfaction of the audience in China, which is our greatest happiness".

For the parent-child audience, the film is of great educational significance, and it tells the truth to parents and children in a subtle way. The scene was shown in advance, and many viewers came to the cinema in groups. The atmosphere was very active, and laughter and cheers broke out with the plot. In the film, the education methods of Li Jing and his wife for Nezha have aroused many parents’ and viewers’ reflections: Nezha, who seems to be stubborn, is actually resisting the label of "magic boy" in his own way. The attitude and influence of Li Jing and his wife towards Nezha is an important reason for Nezha’s fate. After the screening, some parents said with emotion, "I didn’t expect to see it more seriously than children." There is no perfect child in the world, and parents’ attitude towards children affects their every move.

The film audience who "gathers the strength of the whole domestic industry" is very supportive: it must be seen in summer

The recognition and praise of the film Ne Zha can not be separated from the intention of the director and the production team. More than 1600 people actually participated in the production of the film, and the number of participants ranked in the forefront of animated film production. The production process of this film, which director jiaozi described as "gathering the strength of the whole domestic industry", has experienced "bumps". According to the director, only the scene in which Shen Gongbao turned into a figure in less than 5 seconds took two or three months. In order to design a scene innovatively, director jiaozi even locked himself in his room "thinking hard" and stayed indoors for almost a whole day.

Since the opening of the screening, the film has been well received. Although the number of screening sessions is limited, many viewers have already brushed the film three or four times. Recently, in the Changsha roadshow, some viewers even created according to the scene of Nezha’s birthday party in the film, and presented their paintings, Nezha and Ao Bing, to jiaozi, the director, to show their love for the film. Facing the favorable comments from the audience, director jiaozi said that "I am very touched by everyone’s recognition of the film along the way", and the support of every audience is the "best praise" for the film and the participants.

The animated film Ne Zha will be released nationwide on July 26th, and will be released simultaneously with the IMAX 3D version as the first domestic animated film of IMAX.

　　CCTV News:On the 20th, the State Council held a briefing on the the State Council policy of the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of the Use of Medical Insurance Funds.

　　At the meeting, Shi Zihai, deputy director of the National Medical Insurance Bureau, said in response to COVID-19’s vaccination and other issues, according to the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the current round of Covid-19’s vaccine and vaccination fee policy has been made clear, mainly with two main points: First, the vaccine and vaccination fee should be borne by the medical insurance fund, and the financial sector should give appropriate subsidies to the medical insurance fund, and individual residents should be vaccinated free of charge. Second, the medical insurance fund is mainly borne by using the balance over the years, which does not affect the income and expenditure of the fund in the current period, that is to say, it will not affect the medical treatment of the people in the current period.

　　Shi Zihai said that this is a special measure to deal with special events, which fully embodies the CPC Central Committee’s concept of upholding people first and life first, fully embodies the superiority of the socialist system, and is conducive to quickly establishing an immune barrier, maintaining normal production and living order, and also helping to protect the fundamental interests of the people to the maximum extent.

　　At present, the National Medical Insurance Bureau has worked with relevant departments to study and formulate a detailed operation plan for the protection of vaccines and vaccination costs after the conditional marketing of vaccines. In the next step, we will guide all localities to seriously organize and implement the good policies of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council.

　　Regarding the accumulated balance of the medical insurance fund, Shi Zihai said that according to the statistical express, the total income of the fund in 2020 is 2.4 trillion yuan, and the expenditure is about 2.1 trillion yuan. The balance in that year is 270 billion yuan, and the accumulated balance over the years exceeds 3 trillion yuan. At present, the overall operation of the fund is stable, and the balance is generally abundant. The use of the balance will not affect the people’s current medical insurance benefits.

　　Shi Zihai also pointed out that although the current accumulated balance is relatively large, one-third of it is personal accounts, and the overall fund balance is about 2 trillion yuan. Moreover, the regional distribution of the fund balance is very uneven, mainly concentrated in some provinces with population inflows, and the degree of concentration is still increasing. According to statistics, in the six eastern provinces and cities with large population inflows, the accumulated balance of employee medical insurance funds accounted for 44.7% of the country in 2010, and it has risen to 56.6% last year. Especially with the economic growth from high-speed to medium-high-speed, the aging of the population, the change of disease spectrum and the progress of medical technology, the medical expenses are increasing, and the growth rate of fund income is lower than the growth rate of expenditure, which will become the new normal, and there is some pressure on the long-term balance of medical security funds.

　　"In the next step, we will carefully analyze the operation of the medical insurance fund, and actively strengthen the supervision and management of the use of the medical insurance fund with relevant departments to ensure the long-term sustainable and balanced operation of the fund." Shi Zihai emphasized that on the whole, there is no problem for the medical insurance fund to bear the cost of vaccines and vaccination.

　　Since the three major operators launched unlimited packages, the regulation that traffic usage will be limited after reaching a certain threshold is not well known and has been criticized by users.

　　Recently, a number of users reported to the complaint platform of the quality report column that during the use of unlimited packages, they were notified by SMS of operators to slow down, and some "WeChat couldn’t get on for a long time", and some even normal work was affected. Although some packages can restore the normal internet access speed by purchasing a flow refueling package, users still say that they have been cheated, because when handling packages, operators focus on "unlimited flow" and "free use", but rarely mention the "speed limit" regulation.

　　The Paper combed and found that most of the online business halls of local operators advertised unlimited packages at the top. Only by clicking on the product details page can you see the speed limit plan marked in gray or fine print.

　　In addition, in order to promote a variety of unlimited packages, the three major operators often reduce the monthly fee by giving away the phone bill in the early stage of package use, and focus on promoting the discounted price, and then the package is "more expensive".

　　Analysts pointed out that operators should adjust their promotion strategies and make clear the unlimited traffic.

　　Also worthy of users’ attention is the free service of APP exclusive traffic launched by operators in cooperation with Internet companies. The reporter found out that these free exclusive traffic actually contains a number of exclusion rules, and some operations and services on the APP cannot be used, so they can only pay extra traffic charges.

　　"Unlimited" can be seen everywhere, and "speed limit" stipulates that small notes should be found.

　　A user in Haikou, Hainan reported that she bought an unlimited family package of China Mobile 98 yuan. I usually like to play Tik Tok, Weibo and WeChat, because I have opened hot spots for my friends to use, and I will run out of 20G in the middle and late of each month. After 20G was used up, the Internet speed dropped to a point where it was difficult to log in even to WeChat, and it was extremely difficult to send text and browse pictures at most. It was only after consulting customer service and re-purchasing 15 yuan 3G domestic traffic acceleration package that it returned to normal.

　　Another user from Jiangsu said that the China Telecom 99 yuan unlimited package he handled also had a speed limit after 20G, and he didn’t notice the regulation until the operator sent a text message. "I usually watch TV dramas and national karaoke, but the problem is that this product can’t be called unlimited."

　　In response to the speed limit problem reflected by netizens, the reporter consulted the websites of online business halls of China Unicom, China Mobile and China Telecom in many places, and found that most of the front pages of business halls advertised unlimited packages. The slogans included "unlimited traffic", "unlimited traffic" and "unlimited sharing", but almost no tips about speed limit were found.

　　Click to enter a product page. In most cases, the word "unlimited" can be seen everywhere, while the prompt for slowing down is generally behind, and it is indicated in inconspicuous small print or gray body.

　　For example, in the details page of China Telecom’s official website Tianyi national unlimited package, the first thing that catches your eye is still the bold slogan — — "If you want to watch the live broadcast, you can watch it, and the traffic is willful." In the tariff table at the lower position, the column of national traffic only indicates "unlimited". The speed limit regulations can only be found in the small print notes below if you look carefully. According to the note, 99 yuan -999 yuan packages with different stalls have different deceleration thresholds of 20-80G. After the cumulative domestic mobile Internet traffic reaches the corresponding threshold in the current month, the Internet access rate drops to 1Mbps, and it will resume in the next month.

China Telecom official website Unlimited Package Details Page

　　China Mobile’s "Let Me Use" national unlimited package in 88 yuan is more complicated and distributed in different interfaces. The details page shows that the traffic in the package is only 2G, and another 12 months of 8G domestic traffic is given, while the traffic outside the package emphasizes that "domestic traffic is unlimited and can be used at will".

China Mobile’s Unlimited Package Product Details Page

　　Only by clicking to enter another interface of tariff standard, the last item of tariff rules explains that the traffic outside the package will slow down the internet access speed. According to the rules, if 9 yuan 3G domestic traffic refueling package is handled at this time, the Internet speed can be restored.

　　As for the speed reduction regulation after the total usage flow reaches 100G, you can only find it in the warm prompt interface — — The network speed will drop below 128Kbps.

The speed limit rules with different usage are distributed in two different interfaces.

　　It is also difficult to find the regulations on speed limit on the homepage interface of the network halls of China Unicom. However, in comparison, you can see a clearer "speed limit description" by clicking into the unlimited package of big and small ice cards, and the bold font is used uniformly.

On the inner page of an unlimited ice cream package in a certain area of China Unicom, the speed limit description is clearer and marked in bold font.

　　For the promotion of unlimited packages in the offline business hall, many users also reported that the staff publicized "unlimited" and "free use" when handling, and most of the speed limit regulations were not mentioned. However, the SMS reminder received after the successful package is too long, and the speed limit reminder is often easily ignored by users.

　　Insiders: There is nothing wrong with the speed limit, but the fault lies in the promotion method.

　　In fact, it has long been an international practice to over-limit unlimited packages.

　　According to the People’s Post and Telecommunications, the consideration of over-limit design is to ensure that most users can use the mobile network fairly and reasonably. In 2007, when Apple’s mobile phone became popular in the United States, users’ demand for mobile Internet access was greatly stimulated. American telecom operators started unlimited package plans, but because there were no restrictions, the user experience dropped significantly, and finally operators stopped developing unlimited packages.

　　According to some technical experts, due to the limited total bandwidth of the shared base station in the mobile network, if many users occupy the mobile network at high speed at the same time, it may cause network congestion. According to the principle of "first come, first served", users who want to access the Internet later will not be able to access the Internet and need to wait in line. At the same time, the internet speed of other users who are already online will also become "turtle speed", and the experience will become worse. Therefore, at present, the unlimited packages around the world are all designed in steps — — First, meet the maximum network speed promised by the vast majority of users. After reaching the speed limit, the network speed will drop.

　　However, despite this, Liu Qicheng, editor-in-chief of all media who has been concerned about the development of the domestic communication industry for many years and the communication world, said that he could not agree with the current promotion methods of domestic operators.

　　"(Operators should) clearly explain the unlimited traffic, and it is best to clearly explain what 10 G’s can do and what they can achieve, instead of simply emphasizing unlimited, weakening the speed limit information, marking it with small words or casually mentioning it to you." Liu Qicheng said.

　　For example, Liu Qicheng said that the Internet access rate in the 2G era can only reach 9.6Kb, and it can reach 1-2Mb in the 3G era. However, in today’s 4G era, the ideal situation can reach 5-10Mb, and generally it can reach 2-4Mb. Therefore, once the limit is limited, the user’s experience will inevitably deteriorate significantly, not to mention the fact that the user’s expectation is infinitely improved.

On the homepage of official website in a certain area of China Telecom, it can be seen that the "unlimited" package promotion is obvious, and "unlimited" is promoted in bold font, but there is no mention of "speed limit" and other regulations.

　　The monthly fee is "more expensive", and the APP is free of many restrictions on traffic.

　　In addition to the difficulty in finding the speed limit, The Paper found that some unlimited packages launched by operators will make users feel "more expensive" because they offer a large number of preferential prices in the early stage.

　　For example, China Mobile launched an unlimited package with a preferential price of 68 yuan, and its original price was 128 yuan. After recharging, the monthly fee of new users dropped by as much as 60 yuan, and it dropped by 30 yuan after 12 months, and the original price was restored after 24 months.

　　A similar situation exists in a number of unlimited packages launched by China Telecom. Among them, the monthly fee for the Premium Edition of Grand Card is 46 yuan. In the first 12 months, 25 yuan phone bill will be given every month, and the monthly fee will be reduced to 21 yuan, and the original price will be restored one year later.

　　In contrast, China Unicom’s unlimited packages have not adopted the above-mentioned long-term preferential way. At present, the "Big Ice Card" and the "Little Ice Card" packages are paid in one lump sum by pre-storing the phone bill from 99 yuan to 100 yuan and pre-storing the phone bill from 49 yuan to 50 yuan respectively.

The unlimited package launched by China Mobile in a certain place has a large number of phone bill concessions in the first 24 months, and then the original price is restored.

China Telecom launched a premium version of the Grand Card package, giving away more than half a month’s phone bill in the first 12 months, and restoring the original price one year later.

　　Fu Liang, a telecom analyst who has been paying attention to the Internet and communication for a long time, believes that the one-time discount method not only gives discounts to new users, but also avoids the situation that the package is "more expensive to use". "The ideal way is to operate a user from the moment the user enters the door, so that users can feel cheaper and cheaper tariffs and better service, instead of attracting users with high preferential policies and then letting them go."

　　In addition to the increasingly expensive monthly fee, The Paper also found that the exclusive traffic is not applicable to all operations in the traffic-free package that operators cooperate with Internet companies.

　　For example, the "Let Me Watch" video traffic package promotion launched by China Mobile can be used exclusively on many video apps such as Mi Gu Video and Tencent Video, but the scope of use of these targeted traffic is still limited — — The traffic generated by online viewing/downloading/caching of pictures, texts, advertisements in videos, barrage, third-party advertisements, etc. in the APP is not within the exclusive traffic use range, that is, users need to pay extra traffic fees for it.

Description of the scope of use of exclusive mobile video traffic in Migu Video APP.

　　Tencent Wangka (including Dawang Card, Diwang Card and Tianwang Card) jointly launched by China Unicom and Tencent also has similar regulations, although it claims that "over 100 APPlications are free of traffic" and "Say goodbye to Wifi and use it whenever you want". The exclusive traffic description at the bottom of the introduction page shows that services such as web pages and videos provided by third parties on the app, such as mobile news network, sogou, Baidu, iQiyi video, Ctrip and JD.COM, are not Tencent. In addition, the streaming-free range of a variety of live apps is limited to watching live broadcasts and playing videos, while using mobile phones for live broadcasts, uploading videos, loading text and pictures in live broadcasts, and video on demand are not within the exclusive traffic range.

The scope of application of the exclusive traffic of Dawang Card jointly launched by Unicom and Tencent.

　　In this regard, some netizens said that because they didn’t notice the relevant reminders, after running an APP directional flow card, the phone bill did not drop but increased, and the above rules were discovered after consultation.

　　Ma Jihua, an analyst in the telecommunications industry, said in an interview with Zhongxin.com this year that the publicity of targeted traffic is still vague, mainly depending on how the APP and the basic manufacturers negotiate, but the contract will not be publicized to users, and there is no unified standard for publicity.

　　(Reporter Wen Wei Intern Yan Xiaoyan)

　　(Original title:Unlimited mobile phone traffic packages are spit out: "unlimited" is very big, and "speed limit" is hard to find)

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