Recently, the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Process of Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as Qingdao Energy Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences) has received good news: the institute and Shijiazhuang Changyou Bioenergy Co., Ltd. of Hebei Changqing Group have jointly overcome the problem of transforming the fluidized bed homogeneous hydrogenation process to produce second-generation biodiesel, and successfully started the production of second-generation biodiesel in Changyou Bioenergy Company with a scale of 200,000 tons/year, marking that ZKBH homogeneous hydrogenation technology of Qingdao Energy Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences has become the first technology in the world to successfully mass-produce commercial second-generation biodiesel by liquid molecular catalysis.

As the inventor of ZKBH’s second-generation biodiesel technology and the director of Changyou industrialization project, Dr. Chen Song, a researcher at Qingdao Institute of Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said happily that at present, all the operating indexes of the plant are stable, and the biodiesel yield can reach over 80% in production, reaching the world advanced level, and the product quality meets the standards for exporting to the European Union.

Independent innovation of ZKBH homogeneous hydrogenation technology

Replacing traditional energy with new energy, replacing scarce energy with superior energy, and replacing fossil energy with renewable energy … China is facing an urgent task of developing alternative energy.

However, worldwide, the production technology of the second generation biodiesel is difficult, and all the existing mainstream devices adopt fixed-bed production. The fixed-bed hydrogenation technology is the most widely used and fastest-growing hydrogenation technology in industry at present. However, the fixed-bed hydrogenation requires higher raw materials, and the catalyst is easy to lose its activity, especially for oil with high phosphorus and silicon content, which is easy to be poisoned and reduce its reaction activity, resulting in limited output. However, the raw materials for biodiesel production are complex, with many impurities and high acid value, so it is difficult to directly use fixed bed hydrogenation. Chen Song said that ZKBH homogeneous hydrogenation technology draws lessons from the advantages of suspended bed and fluidized bed residue hydrogenation, and solves the problems that solid catalyst is easy to lose activity and treat bio-oil is easy to pulverize by developing efficient liquid catalyst. At the same time, liquid catalyst can perfectly cooperate with semi-ceramic water-resistant solid catalyst independently developed by Qingdao Energy Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences to achieve high yield and ensure the long-term operation stability of industrial devices. He believes that the spring of renewable energy and biomass fuel in China is coming soon.

Industry-University-Research combines flowering and fruiting.

Chen Song said that the raw materials of the first generation biodiesel and the second generation biodiesel are the same, but the production process is quite different. The first generation biodiesel is fatty acid methyl ester produced by transesterification technology, and the production process is simple. The second generation biodiesel adopts catalytic hydrogenation process, and the products obtained have different chemical structures, which belong to clean and high-quality hydrocarbon second generation biodiesel obtained by clean hydrogenation process. Compared with the first generation biodiesel, namely fatty acid methyl ester, the second generation biodiesel is identical to diesel in chemical structure, with similar viscosity and calorific value, equivalent oxidation stability and lower emission advantages. It belongs to the same hydrocarbon as petroleum-based diesel oil, which does not affect the storage and transportation of diesel oil, the engine and tail gas treatment, and has higher quality. At the same time, the CO2 emission of the second-generation biodiesel is lower than that of diesel, which can reduce the limited and unrestricted pollutant emissions (including SOx and NOx), reduce the particulate matter emissions, greatly reduce the engine scaling, and significantly reduce the noise.

Talking about the R&D and production process of the second-generation biodiesel technical achievements, Chen Song said that this technical achievement embodies the wisdom and hard work of the team and is the result of the combination of Industry-University-Research.

At the beginning of 2020, Shijiazhuang Changyou Bioenergy Co., Ltd. sought the second-generation biodiesel production technology, and after investigation, it was admired for exchanges and cooperation with Qingdao Energy Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Qingdao Institute of Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences put forward ZKBH industrialization technical transformation scheme of liquid catalytic fluidized bed hydrogenation coupled with solid catalytic hydrodeoxygenation upgrading, which was immediately launched in Changyou Bioenergy Company, with the first phase of treating 200,000 tons of biomass oil to produce the second generation biodiesel.

After three months of repeated debugging and experiments, the teams of both parties worked together. After all the equipment adjustment and technological process transformation were completed on site and the first batch of liquid catalyst and supporting biodiesel solid upgrading catalyst were delivered to the site, on July 30, the device was officially tested and started, and the feed was switched to 8 tons/hour at a time. The first raw material was biomass raw material with domestic waste oil as the main component. On August 6th, the product was officially produced. The second-generation product, biological product, was water-white, with a density of 0.7903, cetane index close to 100, and sulfur and nitrogen were all less than 5. After being sent to relevant institutions in Shanghai for testing, the product reached the EU standard for biodiesel export, and all the product indicators met the standard. (Reporter Wang Jiangao)

　　Internship, business trip, study tour and travel … … In the busy employment season, there are such a group of "laid-back" graduates who are not in a hurry to "work after graduation" or "work first and then choose a job". Instead, when faced with a variety of career choices, they temporarily put themselves in a state of uncertainty and slowly consider their life path. This emerging phenomenon in recent years is called "slow employment".

　　Unlike passive "unemployment", "slow employment" is often active. The survey shows that in recent years, the group of "slow employment" has gradually expanded. A big data report on the graduation destination of college graduates in 2016 shows that 4.8% of college graduates in 2016 chose "slow employment", and it is expected that this proportion will further increase in 2017.

　　Why do these graduates choose "slow employment"? What should we think about "slow employment"? Let’s listen to their stories together.

　　I would rather "get a job at the wrong peak" than "get into the wrong business"

　　On the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month, the streets of Beijing are full of flavor, and the number of pedestrians on the streets is much less than usual. As usual, Lin Zhiwei came to his company early and started his day’s work "steadily".

　　A year ago, when he graduated from college for more than half a year, he was still an "unemployed vagrant", working as an intern and investigating various possible entrepreneurial projects.

　　In June 2015, after Lin Zhiwei graduated from cfau majoring in finance, he did not take the postgraduate entrance examination, take the civil service examination, submit his resume or find a job. "I yearn for a free lifestyle. But I hadn’t decided which job was more suitable for me at that time, so I’d rather be with someone else ‘ Peak employment ’ I don’t want to go into the wrong line and make myself very painful. " Lin Zhiwei said, "I’m a native of Beijing, and my family conditions are OK, so I can have a ‘ Inspection period ’ , choose your favorite job. "

　　During the "inspection period", Lin Zhiwei gave himself the goal of recognizing himself and accumulating experience for free entrepreneurship in the future. This also means that everything should start from scratch and "cross the river by feeling the stones".

　　"The so-called ‘ Slow employment ’ Seemingly relaxed, in fact, the pressure is not less than that of working classmates. " Lin Zhiwei said that the biggest pressure comes from parents. Some of his classmates were admitted to prestigious graduate schools, some to national civil servants, and some to Fortune 500 companies. Compared with others, his behavior can be regarded as "the sword is on the side." Parents see in the eye, anxious in my heart, many times to persuade Lin Zhiwei to find a formal job, live in peace.

　　"My aim at that time was to find ways ‘ Drag ’ I have been mediating with my parents because I believe that I will have results soon. " Lin Zhiwei said. Today, watching Lin Zhiwei’s career improve, parents finally understand the significance of his exploration.

　　During the "inspection period" of more than half a year, Lin Zhiwei worked in for-profit organizations, educational institutions and coffee shops. "I tried some interesting jobs, inspected the market conditions, accumulated some experience, and understood what I was suitable for. This time has not been in vain. " Lin Zhiwei said, "Entrepreneurship requires capital, talents, technology and management. Many of my current contacts and business thinking were formed at that time."

　　In December 2015, after half a year’s investigation, Lin Zhiwei co-founded an educational technology company. In the following year, his company tried technology camp, drone professional training and online technology production program & HELIP; … "Although many projects have failed, our team has also gained experience. In any case, if you want to succeed in starting a business, you always need to keep trying and cross the threshold." Lin Zhiwei said.

　　At present, companies in Lin Zhiwei are trying in the field of maker education, focusing on designing their own unmanned aerial vehicles and robot teaching products. "People should have self-knowledge, know what they are good at and what capital they have, and rely on their own advantages to make money." Lin Zhiwei said, "It’s almost two years since I graduated. If I go back in time, I will do it again. I believe my exploration has not been in vain."

　　What’s the harm of slowing down before you start?

　　Compared with Lin Zhiwei’s "calm", Kym began to try "slow employment" in anxiety, and her "inspection period" for her career was earlier. Before entering the graduation season of her senior year, she decided to take a year off from school temporarily, so that she could not face the employment choice so urgently.

　　In April, 2015, when the students around us were preparing for the postgraduate entrance examination and employment, Kym, an English major of Chongqing University, who was about to enter the senior year, decided to "Gap year" and go to Disney World Theme Park in Orlando, USA for a one-year internship.

　　Kym’s "Gap year" refers to the gap year and gap year, which was originally a popular cultural concept abroad, aiming at encouraging students to experience different lifestyles before going to work. Nowadays, this activity has become a "new fashion" among college students in China.

　　"I was a little lazy when I was in college, and I didn’t have a clear employment plan. I was a little confused at the thought of finding a job soon." Kym said that he didn’t want to fall into the situation of "boiling frogs in warm water" again. The original intention of this internship abroad was to dig deep into his interests or what his future employment direction is.

　　In Disney, the living environment is different from that of the school. Kym no longer faces teachers and classmates every day, and "has to deal with the boss and colleagues all the time", which also makes her understand in advance that the company and the school are very different. "When you are a student, your personal achievements are not ideal and will not affect others. However, if you don’t do your job well in the company, it will affect your supervisor and your colleagues. You need to pay for your mistakes."

　　Looking back at this "Gap year", Kym feels that he has gained a lot. "I am a ‘ at home. Don’t touch the spring water with your fingers ’ My only daughter, no matter how tired she is after work every day abroad, has to take care of her life. More importantly, the internship experience has had an important impact on your career choice. " Kym said, "Many English majors choose education, but I find myself more interested in company operation. Maybe I am a ‘ Alternative ’ 。”

　　"After staying abroad for a year, I really fell behind my former classmates in employment." Kym said, for example, after coming back, many students have found jobs, and they are slower than others in all aspects. "But what does it matter? Everyone’s path is their own, not compared with others, as long as they are practical and valuable. ‘ Slow ’ What’s wrong with some? "

　　"Slow employment" does not mean "no employment", so we should choose "slow employment" rationally.

　　In recent years, there are more and more "slow employment" phenomena like Lin Zhiwei and Kym. Studies show that, unlike the employment concept of "after graduation" and "before choosing a job" of the post-80s generation, the phenomenon of "slow employment" is more obvious among the new generation of employment groups of the post-90s generation, especially the post-90s generation, and many graduates are not in a hurry to find jobs.

　　Why is the "slow employment" of college graduates gradually becoming a phenomenon? Some experts believe that, on the one hand, living conditions are better now, and many fresh graduates have no financial burden and are not in a hurry to find jobs; On the other hand, the news of starting a business is overwhelming nowadays. Some college students choose to start their own businesses, do e-commerce, or go out to travel or even be unemployed first, and slowly consider and plan their careers. With the development of the Internet, opening online stores, working in Wechat business and other employment methods can not only bring rich income, but also avoid working from nine to five. More diversified occupations give this group more space.

　　Some experts also believe that "slow employment" is not so much an active choice as an objective trend brought by the current employment situation of college students. In the face of increasingly fierce job competition, some college students "find jobs at the wrong peak" to allow themselves more time to accumulate strength, or to walk around and see more about the job market, which is understandable in itself and should be a right of multiple choices. Some graduates who take the initiative to "slow down employment" may be more mature than expected in terms of employment concept. For example, they will pay more attention to whether the major is right or not and whether the salary is reasonable. If they can’t find a suitable job at the moment, they would rather wait and see. After all, the cost of "entering the wrong line" may be great. Compared with the employment mentality of "all vegetables are found in the basket", this is actually a mature and rational performance.

　　Yan Tianhe, deputy director of the Employment Guidance Center of China Youth University for Politics, believes that the most important thing to look at the phenomenon of "slow employment" is to distinguish it from the phenomenon of "no employment".

　　“‘ Slow employment ’ Not ‘ No employment ’ Its starting point and foothold is the individualized development of graduates, and it is a kind of employment mentality that does not follow the crowd and blindly follows. At present, there are indeed two serious misunderstandings in the employment of college graduates. First, they blindly follow the trend, follow the crowd, take postgraduate entrance examinations, go abroad or take the civil service examination; Second, fear of employment, lack of basic development planning, and escape employment by all feasible means. ‘ Slow employment ’ It has avoided the first misunderstanding well, but it cannot fall into the second misunderstanding. " Yan Tianhe said.

　　"From the perspective of employment guidance in colleges and universities, I think we should strengthen individualized employment guidance and career planning education, and at the same time cultivate students’ self-cognition, self-planning and social cognition, so as to promote graduates to combine their interests and abilities with social needs more scientifically." Yan Tianhe said that it is only a matter of time before "quick employment" and "slow employment".

　　(Gong Yanbo and Song Liangyuan participated in the writing)