On August 2nd, 2021, the special issue of China in Academic —— Celebrating the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the fourth (2020) national conference on theoretical innovation of young people were held in Shanghai Social Science Hall. At the same time, the fourth (2020) national youth theoretical innovation essay analysis report of Exploration and Contention was released. The following is the full text of the report.

First, the organization of the essay

(A) "Young Scholars Support Program" overview

Four combination punches of "Exploration and Contention" and "Young Scholars’ Support Program": 1. National essay on theoretical innovation of young people; Second, the outstanding young scholars support program; Third, the outstanding thesis support program for young scholars; Fourth, the annual forum of outstanding young scholars in China.

In the process of the growth of young scholars, it is the unshirkable responsibility of academic journals to "help the horse and help it". With the concept of "academic care for reality", the magazine has played a combination boxing to support young scholars. "National Youth Theory Innovation Essay" is aimed at young teachers and students in colleges and universities all over the country, advocating the idea of actively intervening in China’s practical problems, deeply explaining China’s practical problems, and looking forward to solving China’s practical problems, and discovering outstanding young scholars; The "Outstanding Young Scholars Support Program" aims to find outstanding young scholars for continuous and in-depth support; The "Young Scholars Excellent Thesis Support Program" is intended to search for excellent papers and forge them in advance; The "Annual Forum of National Excellent Young Scholars" is a national essay activity for young people’s theoretical innovation, which is planned and organized by young scholars themselves, and the editorial department provides academic support.

(2) Review of the first three essays

"Youth makes the country prosperous, while youth makes the country strong"! As an academic publication that insists on "growing with young scholars" as its mission since its birth, Exploration and Contention magazine has always attached importance to unity and support for young scholars. Under the leadership of the Party Group of Shanghai Social Federation, with the support of the National Social Science Fund, the Propaganda Department of Shanghai Municipal Committee and the special funds of Shanghai Press and Publication Bureau, since 2014, Exploration and Contention has launched an essay for young scholars and young students under the age of 40, and has been held for four times so far, with a total of more than 3,600 submissions and nearly 100 award-winning papers selected.

In 2014, Exploration and Contention launched the first national essay on theoretical innovation of youth with the theme of "comprehensively deepening reform and the path of China’s modernization". More than 800 contributions were received throughout the year, and 21 winning essays were finally selected. On January 31st, 2015, the Youth Forum of "Reinterpretating China and Comprehensively Deepening Reform" and the First National Youth Theoretical Innovation Essay Awarding Conference of "Exploration and Contention" were held.

In 2016, "Exploration and Contention" launched the second national youth theoretical innovation essay activity, with the theme of "Problems in the Transformation of China". In the whole year, 872 essays were received, and 25 winning papers were finally selected. On March 21st, 2017, the 2nd National Youth Theory Innovation Essay Awarding Conference of Exploration and Contention and the Youth Forum of China’s Transformation were held. At that time, Yan Shuang, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of Shanghai Municipal Committee, party secretary and full-time vice chairman of the Municipal Social Welfare Association, attended the meeting and delivered a speech.

In 2018, in commemoration of the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up, Exploration and Contention launched the third national youth theoretical innovation essay activity with the theme of "From new era to new era: China’s reform starts again". More than 900 papers were received, and 26 papers won prizes. On March 29th, 2019, the 3rd National Youth Theory Innovation Essay Awarding Conference and the Youth Forum of China Knowledge System Construction and Youth Mission were held. Xu Jiong, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of Shanghai Municipal Committee and director of Shanghai Press and Publication Bureau, attended the meeting and delivered a speech. On the occasion of commemorating the centenary of the May 4th Movement and the 70th anniversary of the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), a collection of some outstanding award-winning papers was published in the 5th issue of "May 4th Youth" in 2019.

(III) Overview of the Fourth Essay

From January to December, 2020, Exploration and Contention launched the 4th National Youth Theoretical Innovation Essay Activity with the theme of "Technological Innovation and Civilization Reconstruction: New Problems and Challenges". The object of the essay is young scholars and students born after January 1, 1980 in universities and scientific research institutions all over the country. The requirements for essay writing must be unpublished original papers or in-depth investigation reports; Do in-depth theoretical research on new phenomena, new needs and new problems caused by technological innovation in social, economic, political, cultural, humanities, communication and education fields, especially encourage interdisciplinary research; The research results are original and forward-looking, which can combine academic research with practical care, provide unique ideas for explaining and solving the China issue, and conform to the style of selecting articles in Exploration and Contention, with "academics as the bottom and thoughts as the banner".

The essay-writing activity has been strongly supported and responded by young scholars all over the country. In the whole year, 925 papers were received, and 885 papers were effectively submitted, and 24 winning papers were finally selected. Among them, 1 first prize, with a reward of 10,000 yuan; 3 second prizes, with RMB 5,000 each; 8 third prizes, with RMB 3,000 each; There are 12 nominations, and each 1000 yuan will be awarded.

(4) Review process

From January to April, 2021, based on the principles of fairness, openness and justice, the editorial department selected the contributions according to the procedures of initial review of the editorial department, re-evaluation of anonymous communication by experts and final evaluation of anonymous on-site by experts.

1. The preliminary examination is divided into social science group and humanities group. Each subject group in the editorial department is responsible for the primary election, and each group submits 30 articles to the experts to enter the anonymous communication review session.

2. In the re-evaluation, the evaluation experts give each article a rating (excellent, good and average) from the aspects of topic selection value, argument originality, argument quality, material application and writing level. After summarizing the experts’ evaluation opinions, the editorial department determined that 12 articles entered the final evaluation.

3. After carefully reading and evaluating the candidate articles, the final evaluation experts, through on-site discussion and voting, produce a list of candidates for the first prize, the second prize and the third prize.

4. The editorial department shall, according to the expert review opinions in the early stage, negotiate to produce the nomination award candidate list.

5. After all the candidate lists of awards are produced, they will be reviewed by experts and political experts, and then reported to the party group of Shanghai Social Federation. After approval, the winners will be publicized to the public.

On the whole, this essay on young people’s theoretical innovation has achieved the expected goal of the editorial department. After the essay-writing activity, the editorial department of Exploration and Contention conducted a survey on the topics of contemporary young scholars’ concern, their research methods and paradigms, the distribution of young scholars’ disciplines and schools, and the characteristics of award-winning papers in schools and professional titles reflected in this essay through statistical analysis of the manuscripts, internal discussions in the editorial department, and listening to experts’ opinions, so as to summarize the successful experiences and shortcomings of this year’s young scholars’ theoretical innovation essay, and understand and grasp the young scholars. This report will summarize and show the experience of this essay activity from the following aspects, report the essay results to all parties who care about and support this activity, and provide reference and prospect for the future development and perfection of this activity.

Second, the analysis of contributions

(A) the author’s title/academic analysis

The object of this essay is young scholars under the age of 40, and the authors are mainly young teachers, doctoral students and master students in colleges and universities. The analysis shows that young teachers and doctoral students in colleges and universities are the main force of this young theoretical innovation essay. Among them, young teachers in colleges and universities contributed 363 articles, accounting for 41% of the total number of contributions, and lecturers (assistant researchers) and associate professors (associate researchers) accounted for 34% of the total number of contributions; 235 doctoral students contributed, accounting for 26.5% of the total contributions; Postgraduates contributed 113 articles, accounting for 12.7% of the total contributions. It can be seen that young teachers in colleges and universities, doctoral and master students are enthusiastic about research and have strong research ability and thesis writing ability. This is also closely related to the theme of this essay. At present, young and middle-aged people constitute the main body of research in emerging fields such as technology and artificial intelligence. They have strong ability to accept emerging things and can adjust their research direction to the trend of social development. On the other hand, the distribution of professional titles/academic qualifications in this essay also reflects the scientific research pressure generally faced by young teachers and doctoral and master students in colleges and universities. It is understood that doctoral students in most universities in China basically need to publish 1-2 CSSCI journal papers, and graduate students in some universities also need to publish a CSSCI journal paper. For young teachers in colleges and universities, 2-3 CSSCI journal papers a year have become the "standard" for evaluating professional titles and performance appraisal. Sure，Scholars born in 1980s and 1990s have become a new force in the research of philosophy and social sciences, but we should also see the factors of "being forced to submit papers" and "making papers" due to performance appraisal or graduation requirements. In any case, the strategic guidance and support for the growth of young scholars can not be ignored.

(B) analysis of the contribution area

The sources of manuscripts are widely distributed, covering almost all regions in China except Qinghai, Ningxia, Shanxi and Xizang, and some articles from overseas. Beijing, Shanghai, Sichuan, Hubei and Jiangsu are the concentrated sources of manuscripts. On the one hand, the distribution of the contribution enthusiasm of young scholars in China reflects the influence of the journal Exploration and Contention, on the other hand, it also reflects the future development potential of regional academics.

(3) Subject distribution of contributing scholars

The essay activity involves more than 10 disciplines, including Marxism, law, management, literature, sociology, philosophy, education, politics, economics, history and communication. The distribution of disciplines shows the following characteristics: First, the number and proportion of submissions from law, communication, literature, philosophy and Marxism are significantly higher than those from history, art, education and economics. Among them, the number of contributions from the first five disciplines is 173, 121, 102, 101 and 96 respectively. This is mainly because these disciplines are most sensitive to the changes brought about by technological development, such as personal information and privacy issues in law disciplines, blockchain and artificial intelligence contracts; Topics such as nationalism and national position, technological transformation and people-centered in Marxism; The ethics and man-machine relationship of artificial intelligence advocated in philosophy; Literature focuses on topics such as artificial intelligence writing, algorithms and cultural landscape. These topics are outstanding problems and distinct changes brought about by the development of technology, and also constitute the forefront of current research in these disciplines. However, disciplines such as history and art are relatively "conservative" and have their own development context, and they are less dependent on technology, so scholars in these fields are relatively lagging behind in their involvement in technical issues.

(D) Analysis of young scholars’ research methods

In this essay, young scholars pay more attention to empirical research and quantitative analysis in research methods, which reflects that contemporary young scholars have received good training in social science methods and can demonstrate their arguments solidly and rigorously. What is slightly insufficient is that some articles are slightly lacking in ideological and theoretical aspects because they pay too much attention to the refinement of methods.

(E) Analysis of topics of concern to young scholars

Through the analysis of high-frequency words in the contributions of various disciplines, we can find several interesting phenomena:

People and society have always been the core of the research on technology and civilization, and the concern about numbers and technology has permeated all disciplines. As far as the theme of technology and civilization is concerned, the involution of pedagogy, art and philosophy is obvious; There is almost no history in the contribution of the history group.

(VI) Thinking and Enlightenment

1. Walk with the times and write the paper on the motherland.

The editorial department of "Exploration and Contention" is writing essays for the whole country with the theme of "Technological Innovation and Civilization Reconstruction: New Problems and New Challenges", aiming at guiding young scholars to further analyze the social development mode and national governance mode brought about by technological development from their own research fields. In academic research, the trinity of "transitivity", academics and concern for the times is very important. Talking about problems and doing research without the reality of China’s development will fall into the trap of nihilism. In this essay, most of the articles can start from a specific research field, study the problems brought by technological development to practical practice, and pay attention to the social transformation in China. With the help of the theme analysis of the award-winning papers, we can find that the policy dominance of the country and the government’s concern affect the vision and problem orientation of academic research.

Taking the winning papers as an example, some discuss the role and influence of drawing technology in the formation of modern world order from the past to the present; Taking root in reality and discussing the spatial order and right order of homestead; There are hot spots to discuss the challenge of the rise of platform power to state power; There are those who discuss technical nationalism and the prospect of artificial intelligence between China and the United States based on the international situation.

In addition, there are many topics such as "virtual acquaintance society", "platform credit mechanism" and "civilized communication in games". These themes have taken care of the process of social reform and development in China since the information age from different angles, and found various obvious or hidden, macro or specific, classic or trendy problems. These young scholars can conduct in-depth and forward-looking research on these problems from their own knowledge structure and put forward unique solutions. These articles make us feel the keen vision and theoretical enthusiasm of contemporary young scholars in China, and also make us believe that contemporary young scholars are deeply concerned about social development, and they are trying to practice the academic mission of "writing papers on the motherland".

2. The interdisciplinary trend is obvious, actively practicing the innovation of China’s academic discourse system.

This essay takes the subject words of the article as the analysis variables, and finds that the hot topics concerned by contemporary young scholars have high similarity, such as "governance", "data", "algorithm" and "technology" have become common high-frequency words in all disciplines. Although this has something to do with the theme of the essay in the editorial department, through the analysis of the content of the essay, we can find that the research objects and research methods of this essay have a lot in common, which reflects that under the background of the construction of new liberal arts, interdisciplinary research has become the mainstream trend, which also reflects the future direction of China’s academic discourse system. For contemporary young scholars, interdisciplinary research has become a method, and their research has gradually changed from a small research within the discipline to a grand narrative that cares about social reality.

Through the analysis of word frequency co-occurrence of essays, "country" has become the ultimate concern of young scholars’ academic research, and taking discipline as the method and country as the purpose has become a major feature of this essay activity. Take the winning papers as an example. No matter the concepts such as cartography, power diaspora, virtual acquaintance society, technical nationalism and institutional art, professional analytical methods and research ideas are adopted in the beginning of the article, but at the end of the article, the themes are all guided to the grand narrative level of social development, state governance and civilization dissemination. Many papers do not stick to a specific discipline paradigm. Some pay attention to the development of China at present, especially in the post-epidemic era, from a unique perspective today. By deeply exploring and thinking about the issues of the times, they pay attention to trendy topics, such as games and cultural entertainment, new technology and labor transformation, algorithms and machine ethics, etc., and innovate discourse expressions, which have distinctive youth characteristics and characteristics of the times, and can make in-depth and valuable analysis and discussion. It can be seen that problem-oriented and breaking discipline barriers are becoming an important feature of contemporary academic development.

3. The problem of academic involution needs to be solved urgently, and the academic ecology needs further improvement.

In this essay, we also found a prominent problem, that is, the homogeneity of research is high, and the scope of research is still not wide enough. For example, the protection of personal information in the law discipline, nearly 30 articles in the law discipline contributions selected this topic; Another example is the man-machine relationship in philosophy, which also accounts for a considerable proportion in the contributions. Although these topics are very important, at the moment when the existing research results are already rich, if we don’t open up new academic fields as soon as possible, we will easily fall into the trap of low-level repetition and academic involution. For journals, this trend also reminds them to be "forward-flowing and backward-flowing", set up topics actively by predicting the new trend of social development, and lead the academic circles to carry out innovative research; At the same time, we should also criticize the current "technology fever" and refine the big ideas and true views that meet the needs of society.

Generally speaking, in this essay on theoretical innovation of young people, many young scholars have put forward many original ideas in combination with their own research fields and the development of China society in the digital age. This is highly consistent with the editorial department’s idea of warm academics and academic concern for reality. Although some studies are slightly lacking in theoretical depth and breadth, many experts admire the courage and spirit of daring to face real problems and put forward new ideas and new thinking. I believe that after a period of academic training and practice, these young scholars will become the core strength of various disciplines.

Third, the analysis of awards

Judging from the distribution of awards, award-winning scholars are mainly distributed in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Wuhan, Chengdu and other places. There are 27 winners from 24 papers from more than 20 well-known universities such as Peking University, Tsinghua University, Nanjing University, Fudan University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Sun Yat-sen University, Central Party School, Sichuan University, East China Normal University, Shanghai University, Guangzhou University and Huazhong Normal University, and the universities with the most winners are also. On the one hand, it reflects that young scholars all over the country have a high enthusiasm for participating in this essay activity, on the other hand, it also reflects that the influence of Exploration and Contention has expanded to all parts of the country, and it also proves the fairness and justice of the award.

Judging from the winning status, among the young scholars, there are 11 doctoral students, 7 lecturers, assistant researchers and postdoctoral students, 7 associate professors and associate researchers, and 2 master students. This not only shows the improvement of the academic enthusiasm of young students in today’s academic circles, but also echoes the purpose of this essay award: everything is based on the quality of the article, not on academic qualifications and past achievements. The essay activity is not only to find excellent articles, but more importantly, to find some forward-looking academic views and explore outstanding young talents. Judging from the award-winning content, keen awareness of problems, solid analytical methods and exquisite ability to refine concepts are more likely to be favored by experts, which highlights the unanimous pursuit of new theories in the new era.

Fourth, the overall evaluation and improvement of the essay activity

Training young scholars and growing up with young students has always been one of the aims of the journal Exploration and Contention. As an important part of the young scholars’ support program, the 4th National Youth Theory Innovation Essay Activity inherited and carried forward the fine traditions of the previous three activities, cut into China’s social practice with cutting-edge topics, focused on the training of young scholars, and achieved good publishing, academic and social benefits in combination with the country’s reform and exploration of major practical issues in the information age.

(A) through excellent contributions to create a brand of publications, improve academic standards.

During 2019-2020, our magazine published many outstanding contributions of young people’s theoretical innovation essays, and achieved good academic influence and social response. In the future, we will still select outstanding award-winning papers. These high-quality contributions will undoubtedly enhance the attraction of Exploration and Contention to young scholars and play an important role in promoting the cutting-edge viewpoints and academic standards of Exploration and Contention.

(B) found a large number of outstanding young authors, expanding the ranks of magazine authors.

Our magazine has always attached importance to supporting the growth of young scholars. Many young scholars are still the core authors of our magazine after they have grown into the backbone of various schools and disciplines. This essay on theoretical innovation for young people has brought together a large number of outstanding young scholars from universities all over the country, which has made the team of young authors of our journal take a step forward in depth and breadth.

(3) Encourage young people to care about the transformation and reform practice of China in the digital age.

The editorial department takes the topic of "technological innovation and civilization reconstruction" as an important starting point to guide scholars to think deeply about the problems faced during the period of national transformation and social development, which has important practical significance. Generally speaking, this essay activity of the editorial department closely combines the research of academic issues with the major theoretical and practical issues in the development and transformation of China in the new era, which clearly embodies the characteristics of the journal. This essay activity encourages young scholars to think about the major issues of national and social development from their own research fields, which not only guides young scholars to inherit the fine academic tradition of applying what they have learned, but also makes young people more responsible and closely links their academic life with the destiny of the country.

(D) the construction of innovative academic communities

The editorial department insists on organizing four essay-writing activities, which is a useful attempt to innovate the construction of academic community. We hope that by building an academic community composed of major academic journals and young scholars, young scholars with academic potential can have a higher and bigger stage and display their academic talents and ideals.

(V) What needs to be improved

1. The academic innovation of essay writing needs to be strengthened, and the new problems and phenomena brought about by technological innovation need to be further explored. The thesis of this essay activity for young people’s theoretical innovation has some innovative ideas in some fields, but generally speaking, the thinking on the transformation of technological development and social development is still insufficient. On the one hand, there are not enough innovative ideas and viewpoints; On the other hand, young scholars still focus on theoretical thinking and seldom combine theoretical innovation with practical problems.

2. Although the editorial department of "Exploration and Contention" has accumulated a lot of experience in the first three essay-writing activities and made every effort to hold this activity, there are still many places to be improved due to the shortage of manpower. For example, the publicity is still insufficient. After the essay-writing activity, young scholars still contribute to us, which also reflects that our publicity is not in place and young scholars are not aware of the deadline for submission. Moreover, due to too many contributions, there are also many excellent manuscripts, but because of the limited awards, the editorial department and peer review experts have to reluctantly give up what one favours. In the process of evaluation, how to coordinate the relationship between comprehensiveness and discipline, and the specific evaluation procedures and rules need to be further optimized. In addition, the editorial department has not paid enough attention to the follow-up growth of award-winning young scholars and has insufficient information. In the future, it should take various forms to keep in touch with award-winning young scholars and establish a closer academic community.

Finally, the editorial department of Exploration and Contention expresses heartfelt thanks to all the young scholars who participated in this essay-writing activity! I would like to express my high respect to all the judging experts and people from all walks of life who care about this essay activity!

Since the outbreak of the epidemic, under the personal command and deployment of the CPC Central Committee and President Xi, the people of the whole country have been united in the same boat and launched a people’s war, a general war and a blocking war to prevent and control the epidemic. In this struggle, the provincial military region system moved at the command, took the initiative to take the lead and participated in the whole process, and deeply explored the characteristics and laws of national mobilization in actual combat, which provided a useful reference for doing a good job in wartime national mobilization.

Enhance the infiltration of ideological mobilization and lay a good ideological foundation for comprehensive mobilization

The people of the whole country know the general situation, take care of the overall situation, listen to greetings, obey the rules, advance and retreat together, and take responsibility together. This high degree of collective consciousness stems from deep and solid ideological mobilization. In the fight against the epidemic, all localities have made full use of TV broadcasts, newspapers and magazines, mobile phone networks, electronic screens, banners and newspapers and other channels to carry out high-intensity, multi-frequency and full-time launch, continuously convey the concern and care of the CPC Central Committee, timely push forward the anti-epidemic process and decision-making arrangements, and regularly publicize the epidemic prevention professional knowledge and related requirements, and through strong penetration, realize door-to-door and brain-to-heart. On the basis of doing a good job of general mobilization for the public, government agencies, industry associations, university enterprises, and street communities have implemented several waves of directional mobilization in their respective industries. The Hubei Military Region vigorously carried out the activities of "the chief officer leading the battle, the main battle in party member, the militia participating in the war and the civilian fighting", and the military and civilians realized the ideological transformation from peacetime to wartime in a short time. This fight against the epidemic has highlighted the importance of ideological mobilization and demonstrated our strong national mobilization ability. Compared with the anti-epidemic, people faced threats more directly in wartime, suffered more casualties, and the battlefield management was more difficult. It was difficult to quickly form the conscious collective will of the whole people only by relying on short-term mobilization.

From the perspective of anti-epidemic practice, to improve the efficiency of national mobilization in wartime, we must rely on national defense education in peacetime, prepare in advance and infiltrate for a long time, and lay a good ideological foundation for the implementation of national mobilization. It is necessary to broaden the scope, adhere to the "five in one" of party committees, governments, schools, the army and society, build a national defense education system covering the whole people, and extend the audience of national defense education to all social strata and groups; To increase the depth, in addition to popularizing general national defense knowledge, we should also strengthen urban crisis education and risk training, and guide the public to firmly establish the awareness of preparing for famine and disaster; It is necessary to increase the intensity, use various media to moderately increase the content and frequency of national defense education, and form a long-term effect in a subtle way.

Give full play to the organizational strength of the backbone team and make good use of key groups at critical moments.

In this anti-epidemic campaign, cadres, militia, volunteers and other key groups in party member took on heavy responsibilities and became the main force of mass prevention, mass control and joint prevention and control. For example, more than 44,500 party member employees in Wuhan party and government organs, enterprises and institutions have sunk to more than 3,000 communities; About 120,000 volunteers and more than 13,800 grid workers participated in community prevention and control; The Hubei Military Region has mobilized more than 839,000 militiamen, and about 31,000 militiamen are active in the front line every day during the peak period. These key groups assume various responsibilities such as organizers, propagandists, administrators, waiters, rescuers, deliverymen, etc., and play the role of "backbone" and "ballast stone". In the future, the mobilization of the whole people in wartime will be larger in scale and more complicated in organization, and it is even more necessary for these key groups to play a key role in going deep into the masses.

From the practice of anti-epidemic, the implementation of national mobilization needs to combine the different characteristics of different groups and focus on construction in peacetime. For party member cadres, the key point is to strengthen grassroots practice, encourage and guide party member cadres to be grounded, learn skills and grow talents among the masses. Once something can quickly sink into the front line and enter the role, they can better play a leading role in organizing and mobilizing the masses; For militia groups, the key point is to strengthen the professional training of support and emergency response, and truly have the ability to fight in wartime and respond in an emergency; For volunteer groups, the key point is to build a management system centered on management institutions and service platforms, enhance information sharing, financial support and incentive publicity, and enhance their enthusiasm and professional ability to participate in national mobilization.

Enhance the leading role of public opinion propaganda and constantly condense the positive energy of anti-epidemic

During the anti-epidemic period, the public opinion field was quite active. Especially in the early days of the epidemic, the flood of information was overwhelming, and it was difficult to distinguish between true and false. The hostile forces fanned the flames and made malicious speculation, and the people were highly concerned and highly sensitive. Only one Yangtze River Yunrong media platform increased its users by more than 196,000 in a few days, with an average daily page view of more than 27 million, which was six times that before the epidemic. Although governments at all levels, various media and authoritative experts have strengthened the dissemination of positive energy information, some negative information has also produced amplification and acceleration effects in a short time. For example, rumors such as "Wuhan is about to be fully taken over by the People’s Liberation Army" have a very bad influence. With the improvement of the epidemic situation, the information of positive energy has gradually gained the upper hand, and people’s psychology has also changed from tension and anxiety to calm and self-confidence. In wartime, the public opinion field will inevitably present similar characteristics and laws.

Judging from the practice of anti-epidemic, to win the people’s war in the future, the people’s will to fight will be the key target of the enemy, and we must firmly grasp the initiative of public opinion from the beginning. Make full use of various media channels, especially the authoritative platform, to release the dynamic information of war in time and accurately, so that the masses can understand the real situation at the first time; Collect people’s demands, respond to people’s concerns, identify the focus of people’s attention with empathy, and answer people’s questions in people’s language; It is necessary to decisively and effectively control, strengthen the application of information means such as big data and public opinion monitoring software, and block the spread channels of various rumors and false information.

Strengthen the control power at the grass-roots level and give full play to the role of the party organization as a fighting fortress

During the epidemic prevention and control period, closed management was implemented throughout the country, and every community, community and village team was an independent position and a battle fortress. The grass-roots community (village) was responsible for the living security, material procurement, medical treatment, inspection and quarantine management of all residents in this position. According to statistics, more than 9 million people stayed in Wuhan during the "city closure" period, distributed in more than 7,000 communities, more than 1,400 communities and more than 1,900 villages (brigades). Each community worker faces about 350 people, and the task is extremely arduous. Community is the last link between policy provisions and real individuals, and it is also the key link to improve the national governance system and enhance governance capacity. Effective community work can ensure the smooth implementation of government decrees and promote all the people to work and live in an orderly way in wartime. This anti-epidemic campaign highlights the importance of community building, which is the key to the mobilization of the whole people.

Judging from the practice of anti-epidemic, in the future people’s war, to mobilize the whole people to participate in the war, it is especially necessary to strengthen the party’s leadership over the overall work at the grassroots level and give full play to the role of grassroots party organizations as fighting fortresses; Strengthen personnel training, incorporate community team building into national and local talent development plans, and build a team of professional community workers with excellent quality; Increase investment in community platform construction, give urban and rural communities more human, financial and administrative rights with appropriate responsibilities, and build community mobilization publicity and education platforms, material support platforms, and information and communication platforms to ensure that communities provide public services to the end of society, but also have the conditions for legal control and strong control.

Strengthen the support of material supply, focus on ensuring people’s livelihood and promote stability.

Judging from the means of epidemic prevention and control, the fight against the epidemic is a science and technology war, a public opinion war and a logistics war. To implement closed management, we must first solve the basic needs of the people. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee, the whole country played a game of chess, coordinated as a whole, coordinated materials across provinces and regions, and took many measures to ensure supply, transportation capacity and people’s livelihood, which better solved the basic living problems of the people. Take Wuhan as an example, the vegetable stock can continuously supply about 8,000 tons per day, and the stock of basic daily necessities of rice, flour, oil and meat in the city can meet the consumer demand for more than 30 days. The Hubei Military Region coordinated six garrison units to deploy 260 people and 130 transport vehicles to set up a transport support team, transporting 15,019 tons of various materials, and investing them in the frontline and grassroots communities to raise more than 270 tons of materials to alleviate the urgent need for support. Through the joint efforts of the military and the land and comprehensive policies, it has provided peace of mind for the people to stay at home and created a solid rear for the victory of the anti-epidemic.

Judging from the practice of anti-epidemic, to do a good job in mobilizing the whole people in future wartime, we must focus on ensuring people’s livelihood, so that the fighting can last. We must do a good job in strategic material reserves in different fields and specialties, not only in high-tech equipment and information resources, but also in basic people’s livelihood, so as to lay a solid foundation for resource mobilization in wartime. According to the module of jurisdiction, we should conscientiously do a good job in the investigation and statistics of war potential, and make all kinds of potential data, regional distribution and specific positioning accurate to provide support for wartime resource mobilization; It is necessary to establish a wartime control and interest adjustment mechanism, crack down on speculation such as hoarding and raising prices, take incentive measures, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of mass organizations to produce and supply combat materials in short supply, and provide a steady stream of stamina for material supply.

Improve the mobilization of intelligent information and provide intellectual support for wartime mobilization

In this anti-epidemic campaign, big data, cloud computing and other information technologies have shown their talents. All localities rely on government affairs network and mobile APP to accurately convey epidemic prevention policies, and use the medical material demand information platform to organize hospitals to meet the needs of production enterprises and open electronic "health codes" to provide data support for sketching regional epidemic maps, tracing patient trajectories, and assisting the government in making precise policies. Epidemic prevention and control has expanded the application of Internet, big data and communication technology as never before, and also examined the problem of insufficient support for smart cities to fight the epidemic. For example, it is difficult for national defense mobilization data to support epidemic prevention and control, and it is difficult to realize real-time network collection of national defense mobilization potential data, and military and land information is not shared. In the future war, information is an important operational factor, and information mobilization is the main position of war mobilization. We must rely on the construction of smart cities and do a good job in information mobilization.

From the perspective of anti-epidemic practice, to do a good job in information mobilization, we must incorporate smart emergency and smart mobilization into the construction of smart cities, build national defense mobilization command centers at all levels vertically, and cross the command information network of the professional office and industry system of the National Movement Committee; It is necessary to build a big data system platform, improve the management system of data collection, storage and distribution of mobilization potential and demand, and rely on cloud computing technology to achieve dynamic docking and scientific deployment; It is necessary to rely on universities, scientific research institutes and high-tech enterprises to compile and build national defense mobilization professional teams and militia reserve detachments, train information mobilization professionals, and provide intellectual support for accomplishing mobilization tasks in wartime.

(The author is the commander of Hubei Military Region)

Small partners who are new to the workplace must be familiar with the word "five insurances and one gold". So, what does "five insurances and one gold" include? What should I pay attention to? Put away this knowledge post quickly!

What does "five insurances and one gold" include?

What are the provisions for the payment ratio of "five insurances and one gold"?

Payment ratio of "five insurances and one gold"

Different countries and regions have their own social insurance and provident fund policies, so the specific payment ratio will vary from region to region. Different industries may have different policies.

The specific payment ratio of "five insurances and one gold" needs to be determined according to the region and policy.

Before signing a labor contract, it is recommended to check the relevant policies and proportions with the company or the human resources and social security department.

Is there "five insurances and one gold" during the probation period?

During the probation period, employees should also enjoy the rights and interests of "five insurances and one gold".

The employing unit shall, within 30 days from the employee’s employment date, handle the payment procedures of "five insurances and one gold" for the employee.

After the probation period is over and the employee successfully becomes a regular employee, the benefits of "five insurances and one fund" should not be greatly changed. After the employee becomes a regular employee, the employee and the employer still pay social security and provident fund according to a certain proportion.

Attention!

If the company claims that it will pay five insurances and one gold only after the probation period turns positive or after working for one year, this may mean that the company is unwilling to fulfill its legal obligations. It is recommended to be vigilant and avoid entering such a company.

Tips

Keep relevant documents, including social security card and provident fund account information. Regularly check the payroll and the payment details of "five insurances and one fund" to ensure that the company fulfills its obligations in accordance with the contract and legal provisions.

If you have questions or find problems, you can consult a labor legal expert or the human resources department of the employer. If it is determined that the employer has failed to perform its obligations according to the contract and the law, it should promptly complain and safeguard its rights and interests.

Editor: Ma Lei

Editor: Meng Pengbo

　　CCTV News:according toAccording to the website of the Embassy of China in Sweden,On September 17th, China’s ambassador to Sweden, Gui Congyou, accepted an exclusive interview with Larcon, a reporter from Swedish Express, at the embassy about the Swedish police’s rough treatment of China tourists. The full text is as follows:

　　Ambassador Gui said, I accepted an interview with your colleagues in Evening News yesterday, and I have said all I need to say. Since you also offered to interview me, I can only agree. First of all, I want to reveal a new situation to you. At noon today, the head of the police station where three China tourists were rudely treated by the Swedish police met my colleague. He confirmed to my colleagues that the three China tourists did not violate Swedish laws. At the same time, he also said that the Swedish police did not violate Swedish law. We are very puzzled by this statement by the Swedish police. First, the three China tourists were rudely treated by the Swedish police, and their life safety and dignity were threatened and hurt. Don’t Swedish laws respect human rights and human dignity? The police are law enforcers and act on behalf of the government. Does the Swedish government also have no respect for human rights and dignity? Second, if foreign police treat Swedish tourists in the same way, what kind of reaction will the Swedish government make? How will you react? Will the Swedish government agree and recognize it? Will the Swedish people agree and recognize it? Thirdly, as far as we know, in November 2011, a similar incident occurred in the southern Swedish city of Bros. At that time, the victim was a Swedish citizen, and the policeman was found to be dereliction of duty. I hope you will announce what I said above to your readers.

　　Q: This happened on September 2nd. Why did the China government react strongly two weeks later?

　　A: On September 2nd, we received an oral report from the victims. Due to technical reasons, we only received a detailed written report on the morning of the 5th, and asked the hotels involved about the situation. After fully understanding the situation, we informed the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the 5th and made solemn representations. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China also made solemn representations to the Swedish Ambassador to China in Beijing. We hope that China will respond as soon as possible to the demands of these three citizens, such as investigating the truth thoroughly, apologizing, punishing the police involved and making compensation. But almost two weeks have passed, and the Swiss side has not responded at all. This is not in line with international practice. Three tourists from China were physically and mentally injured, and they expected the Swiss side to respond to their reasonable demands as soon as possible, so they had to resort to the media.

　　Q: Have you personally contacted the representatives of the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Swedish police?

　　A: As I said just now, I personally met with the relevant person in charge of the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs as soon as we learned about all aspects on September 5. As I emphasized in an interview with Swedish Evening News yesterday, the China government and our embassy cherish the life, safety and dignity of every China citizen. From the perspective of consular protection, this is by no means a trivial matter. We hope that Switzerland can attach great importance to the demands of these three victims in China and give them a proper response as soon as possible.

　　The reporter asked about the details of the dispute between three China tourists and the hotel. Ambassador Gui said, I answered your question here yesterday to your Evening News reporter. This is a written record. You can learn more about it.

　　Q: Swedish prosecutors have determined that the police have not broken the law.

　　A: Then I can’t help but ask, three tourists were forcibly driven away from the hotel by rough means, including two old people, one of whom was sick and took medicine, and the police abandoned them in a graveyard in the middle of the night, when the temperature was below 10℃. Their lives are threatened and their dignity is hurt. Does the Swedish Police Act allow this? Is the Swedish Police Law so inhuman and immoral? Do Swedish laws have such disrespect for people’s basic rights? !

　　Q: I have worked in the United States and I know that it is not a good idea to argue with the local police. I have seen the relevant video, and Mr. Zeng shouted "Kill" and was emotional. If someone quarrels with the American police in America, they may be arrested immediately. If the Swedish police arrested China tourists at that time, would this be a better choice?

　　A: The Swedish police have confirmed that these three China tourists have not violated the law, and the police have no right to arrest them. Of course, if they break the law, the police should act according to law. As a matter of fact, three tourists from China are strangers. Not far away, Wan Li just arrived in Stockholm late at night and needed help. Who can they call? They could have approached our embassy, but unfortunately they didn’t. If the Swedish police are unwilling to help them, the best way is to contact our embassy, but they have not done so either. Even if the actions of these three China tourists are deficient or flawed, they can’t constitute the reason why the Swedish police treated them so rudely. Aren’t we supposed to respect human rights? ! Aren’t we going to talk about human rights? !

　　Q: The police also act according to the routine and have the right to decide to move them to a place far away from the incident, and there is a subway station next to it. This is nothing special, and it is a common situation.

　　A: As I said just now, three China tourists are not far from Wan Li. They just arrived in Stockholm late at night and are strangers. Although there was a subway station where the Swedish police forcibly dragged them, the first thing they saw was the cemetery. Can you imagine how they felt when they first saw the cemetery after being treated so rudely? Even if they find the subway station, will your subway still operate late at night? Why didn’t the Swedish police take them to a safe place? As far as I know, in winter in Stockholm, if someone is drunk on the street, the police have the obligation to send them to a warm place to prevent frostbite and freeze to death. Are the Swedish police so heartless and immoral about these three China tourists? Moreover, the three tourists are unarmed and cannot pose any threat to the police. Are Swedish police so cruel?

　　Q: We have all watched the live video clip of the incident. Mr. Zeng fell to the ground in front of the police and shouted "Kill someone". Is there something wrong with his performance?

　　A: They were forcibly evicted from the hotel. Mr. Zeng’s sick father, who was nearly seventy years old, fell to the ground and was half unconscious. His mother sat down on the ground and asked for help. Their family traveled with interest in Sweden, and when they first arrived in Stockholm, they fell into such helplessness and despair. What kind of reaction can you expect him to make? Yesterday, the reporter of Evening News also showed me that video. But why don’t you pay attention to the video of Mr. Zeng’s father lying on the ground and half unconscious? ! Why don’t you play it?

　　Q: Regarding Mr. Zeng’s allegation that he was beaten and abused by the police, the Swedish prosecutor found that the accusation was unfounded and the police were not wrong. What’s your response to this?

　　A: I have answered this question from the beginning. Do I need to repeat it?

　　Q: No need. Can you tell us something about this family of tourists from China? Where are they from? What were their plans in Sweden? Where did they go after leaving Sweden?

　　A: As for their family situation, I have no right to disclose it to you without their permission for privacy protection. After being rudely treated by the police, with the help of a local kind passerby, they took the light rail back to the center of Stockholm, called the police and reported the situation to our embassy, then gave up their travel plan in Sweden and left Sweden with fear and anger to continue their next trip.

　　Q: At about 10 am on September 2, someone registered a social media account named "Swedenpoliceturechineseelders" on Twitter and posted photos. Few people knew about it at that time. Is this account opened by the staff of China Embassy?

　　A: As I said just now, our embassy received Mr. Zeng’s oral report at 6 am on September 2, and received his detailed written report and photos on the morning of the 5 th.

　　Q: So this account has nothing to do with the embassy?

　　A: I think I answered clearly.

　　Q: Mr. Ambassador, I believe you can see that this incident has aroused strong repercussions in China, especially on social media such as Weibo. Are you surprised by this?

　　A: Now is the self-media era, and we all have to adapt to this reality.

　　Q: Some people say that this incident is essentially caused by cultural conflict or misunderstanding, or it may be caused by language barrier. This will happen all over the world. Why did the China government make it a big deal?

　　A: Do you think this is not a big deal? ! In the middle of the night, when the temperature is below 10℃, China tourists who come not far from Wan Li are not only disillusioned, but also their lives are in danger and their dignity is violated. Isn’t this a great event? ! Yesterday, I stressed to the reporter of Evening News that there are nearly 1.4 billion people in China, and the China Party and government cherish everyone’s life, safety and dignity. It is the duty of our embassies and consulates abroad to safeguard the life, safety and dignity of every China citizen abroad.

　　Q: I worked in China. If the China police ask me, I will listen. What advice do you have for China tourists visiting Sweden in the future if they are faced with dialogue with Swedish police?

　　A: The China Municipal Government has always reminded China citizens to abide by local laws and regulations, respect local customs and habits, and travel in a civilized manner when traveling abroad. On the other hand, all embassies and consulates in China pay close attention to the local security situation at all times, and issue safety reminders and warnings in time according to changes in the situation. Just look at the website of our embassy. We have issued several safety reminders since this summer. You can see the content of my interview yesterday. Frankly speaking, the relevant departments of China did not pay due attention to protecting the safety of tourists. So far, no case against China tourists has been solved. What do you say?

　　Q: In fact, Swedish natives are also facing the same problem of being robbed. Do you think Sweden is more dangerous for tourists than other European countries?

　　A: I answered the same question yesterday. You can show it to your interview record. I have also discussed the safety of tourists with the ambassadors of other countries in Sweden, and some ambassadors have also said that their citizens have also been frequently robbed. We hope that the Swedish government and relevant departments will attach great importance to this and take effective measures to avoid the recurrence of robbery against foreign tourists and make Sweden safer than other countries!

　　Q: Some people in Sweden and China think that China’s handling of this case has something to do with Gui Minhai’s case, and it is retaliation against Sweden. What’s your comment on this?

　　A: I saw this statement in your report in Express on the 16th. I want to stress once again that three China tourists were treated so rudely by Swedish police. Is this a trivial matter? ! Their lives are threatened and their dignity is hurt in the middle of the night. We made solemn representations to the Swiss side in this regard, demanding that the Swiss side respond to the reasonable demands of China tourists as soon as possible. Do we need to find other reasons? ! For those who put forward this statement, it shows that they simply don’t pay attention to or care about the life safety and human dignity of China tourists! For those who put forward this statement, I hope they will talk about basic human rights! We are very shocked and puzzled that China tourists have been treated so rudely and fallen into such a desperate situation and they have not paid attention to it.

　　Q: Regarding the Gui Minhai case, China has always believed that Sweden has interfered in China’s internal affairs. So can we say that in this incident, China’s actions interfered in Sweden’s internal affairs?

　　A: First of all, I want to add one more point. As mentioned in your report in the Express yesterday, some people said that it is not excluded that the incident of China tourists being rudely treated was deliberately directed by China. I want to say that the person who put forward this statement is too imaginative! They are so fabricated! We all live in reality, not in fictional detective stories!

　　As for Gui Minhai’s case, Gui Minhai committed a serious crime in China, and China acted in accordance with the law. The Swiss side unreasonably demanded the Chinese side to release it, which is obviously an interference in China’s judicial sovereignty, with no regard for the rule of law and ignorance of the law. The three China tourists did not violate Swedish laws, but they were treated rudely by Swedish police, and their body, mind and dignity were hurt. Our tourists hope that the Swiss side will respond to their reasonable demands as soon as possible. As an embassy, we shoulder the responsibility of providing consular protection to China citizens abroad, and of course we have the obligation to explain to the Swiss side. This is a diplomatic practice and an international practice.

　　Q: The Swedish prosecutor thinks that the police have not broken the law, and the Swedish police have also rejected the demands for apology and compensation from China tourists. So what will happen next?

　　A: In a word, we will continue to ask the Swiss side to investigate the case thoroughly, act in accordance with the law and respond to the reasonable demands of China tourists as soon as possible. In doing so, we are defending the basic human rights of China citizens.

　　Q: What if the Swedish police refuse?

　　A: We urge the Swedish police to respond as soon as possible, but they will not answer the hypothetical questions.

　　Q: What do you think of the relationship between Switzerland and China? Sweden was the first western country to establish diplomatic relations with New China, and bilateral relations have always been good.

　　A: The people of China have always kept in mind that Sweden took the lead in establishing diplomatic relations with China among western countries, and they have friendly feelings towards the Swedish people. Our task is to work with Switzerland to safeguard, develop and consolidate the friendly feelings between the two peoples and promote the continuous development of Sino-Swiss relations. However, the development of Sino-Swiss relations must have a good foundation and principle, that is, equal treatment and mutual respect. In recent years, some forces, media and people in Sweden have not treated China as an equal. They keep saying that Sweden is a small country, but they always tell China what to do and give orders everywhere. They pretend to be teachers, full of arrogance, prejudice, prejudice and ignorance about China. We hope these forces, media and individuals in Sweden will give up their "high profile" and treat China as an equal. Only on this basis and principle can Sino-Swiss relations further develop.

In the mid-1980s, when the people of China were pushing forward the reform, opening-up and modernization with unprecedented enthusiasm, the "green train" of military training for students in colleges and universities in China was restarted. As one of the practices running through the reform and opening-up, military training for students came into being in the process of reform, and it is also full of reforms. In the past 33 years, it has explored and formed an effective working system.

In the pilot project, the number of colleges and universities participating is increasing year by year.

In January 1985, in Beijing, the capital, six ministries and commissions jointly issued a notice, and in September of that year, military training will be piloted in some colleges and high schools across the country. In that year, the first batch of pilot schools selected by various localities were mostly national and regional key institutions with basic conditions for military training, and famous schools such as Tsinghua University, Peking University and Fudan University were all on the list.

At that time, organizing students’ military training was an important part of the joint construction of the army and the people. The training units regarded training as a political task and selected officers and men with good military quality and strong command ability to enrich the ranks of instructors. In 1985, 82 outstanding officers and men from Beijing Garrison were sent to Tsinghua for a 20-day military training for freshmen. In military training, young students and military groups have had close contact, and the good tradition and style of the PLA began to enter the campus.

All provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions attach great importance to students’ military training and have set up military training leading groups. Taking Shenzhen as an example, the leaders of the party and government organs in this city deeply feel that military training for college students can not only strengthen students’ national defense concept, but also cultivate high-quality talents for Shenzhen. To this end, the municipal government allocates special funds for military training for Shenzhen University every year, and gives preferential policies.

In 1985, there were 52 military training pilot colleges and universities; In 1986, there were 69 pilot universities; In 1987, there were 105 pilot universities; In 1989, there were 143 pilot universities … On the basis of summing up experience, more and more universities were included in the pilot.

The reason why students’ military training quickly entered the campus and continued to heat up is the call of the times and the historical necessity. In 1985, our army was disarmed by 1 million. Reducing the number of standing soldiers is a strategic decision made by the party and the state according to the domestic and international situation, and it is also a practical action for the army to obey the overall situation of national economic construction. Under this background, it is of more prominent significance to strengthen the construction of reserve forces. Military training for students is undoubtedly an important way to national defense education and reserve troops.

Popularize and fully incorporate into the teaching plan of colleges and universities

In November 2001, a national conference on military training for students was held. The meeting pointed out: "The military and local leaders at all levels should fully understand the great significance of carrying out military training for students from the perspective of the overall strategic situation and the development of the times, and regard it as a major event that benefits the country and strengthens the army." This meeting marks that the military training of Chinese students has officially entered the stage of popularization and development from the pilot.

If we say that the military training of students in 1980s and 1990s was only "taken as a phased work", then the promulgation of "Military Course Syllabus of Ordinary Colleges and Universities" in June 2002 meant that the military training of students was formally "incorporated into the teaching system" and "built as a course". This syllabus stipulates: "military courses will be included in the teaching plan of colleges and universities, and the examination results will be recorded in the student files."

As an important work to strengthen the construction of national defense reserve forces, students’ military training has brought gratifying changes to school construction and students’ thoughts in years of practice.

Huo Qiang, a teacher at Bengbu Medical College, said: "After the students came back from military training, the dormitory was neat, the class was punctual, and the organizational discipline was greatly improved." Yu Xinyi, a freshman in guangxi university of chinese medicine, said: "Instructors set an example for me with their good looks. They can do the training courses, and I have to complete them with high standards!" At the presentation ceremony, parents applauded for a long time when they saw the students wearing green military uniforms with standard military posture and full spirit. Colleges and universities organize teaching quality surveys, and students who have undergone military training almost invariably scored "Excellent" in the column of "Military Training Course".

Gradually, more and more leaders of large and medium-sized schools take the initiative to ask for expanding the scale and time of military training. The number of young students who want to join the army and apply for military schools has increased significantly, and more and more college students volunteer to make contributions to the places where the motherland needs them most. In 2016, Zhang Liandong, a student from beijing university of chemical technology, took the initiative to serve in the border defense forces in the northwest. In the video sent to his classmates, Zhang Liandong hit the floor said: "I am at the border, please rest assured the motherland!"

In the past 33 years, military training for students has developed from 52 colleges and 102 high schools in 1985 to more than 2,000 colleges and 22,000 high schools in China, with an encouraging speed. Some foreign media said: "Such a magnificent social project and such a great achievement is a miracle."

The system of norms, laws and regulations is improving day by day

The development of new things is never smooth. From pilot to popularization, while the military training for students in China has gained room for further development, problems such as shortage of instructors, single military training course and commercial training have gradually emerged.

"Students’ military training is meticulous and complicated. Taking the data of 2018 as an example, the number of military training has reached more than 20 million, and the number of people is beyond imagination. Under this circumstance, only by adhering to the standardization construction can we adapt to the new challenges brought about by the new situation, new tasks and new changes. " The staff of the Military Training Office of the whole army told the reporter that in the new century, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the standardization of military training for students has been continuously promoted: in 2014, the Notice on Further Strengthening the Education and Management of the Officers and Men Trained by Students in Military Training put forward clear requirements for the selection, assessment, supervision and management of the trainees; In 2017, the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Students’ Military Training proposed to strengthen the system construction of students’ military training, such as organization and leadership, training and teaching, teaching staff, training capacity and quality monitoring; In 2018, the national reform of deepening students’ military training was launched in an all-round way, and it was clearly stated that social forces were not allowed to undertake training, market-oriented operation and commercial training.

In the practice of exploring the standardized construction of students’ military training, the military and the local authorities have explored many effective and good methods.

-In Beijing, the way of base-based training with the functions of "training, learning, eating, living and ensuring" is getting wider and wider. Since the first military training base for students in China was built in 1990, 11 military training bases have been put into use in Beijing, with an annual training capacity of more than 300,000 people.

-In Guangdong, colleges and universities have launched integration of defense and civilian technologies training pilot projects in clinical medicine, communication engineering and other majors to train professionals for national defense and army building.

-In Guizhou, many universities have added anti-air raid and anti-biochemical courses to military training to enhance students’ actual combat experience.

-In Guangxi, the military and civilian areas have moved away from peak-to-peak military training, and training in stages and batches has greatly eased the pressure on the garrison troops to undertake training.

-In Fujian, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places, the military actively selects outstanding reserve officers and soldiers, militia backbones and retired soldiers to participate in military training, and all personnel are certified after passing the examination.

Students’ military training is related to the cultivation of teenagers’ comprehensive quality and the future of national defense construction. In the past 33 years, Chinese students’ military training has been seeking breakthroughs and innovations in the reform, and has increasingly moved towards a scientific, standardized and legal development path, which has received good political and social benefits, strengthened the cause of military development and trained a large number of high-quality talents.

According to official website, China Weightlifting Association, Olympic weightlifting champion Lv Xiaojun issued a statement that doping test was positive:

On December 20, 2022, I received an email from an international inspection agency informing me that my sample was positive for non-specific substances. I am very shocked. As an old athlete, I have been strictly abiding by the anti-doping regulations of the International Weightlifting Federation, the World Anti-Doping Agency and the China Anti-Doping Agency. I think the value of sports lies in fair competition. I firmly oppose all kinds of cheating such as doping, which is also the bottom line I have always set for myself. Doping is completely contrary to my values and my anti-doping education.

In my 24-year weightlifting career, I have experienced countless competitions and accepted hundreds of doping tests, and there is no violation. Since I came back in August, 2022, I have been tested for doping eight times in just four months. I love weightlifting very much. As a weightlifter, I have won almost all the honors cleanly. I have neither motivation nor reason to use any banned substances in the last leg of my beloved weightlifting career. I will cooperate with relevant institutions to investigate, find out the real cause of the problem and clear my name.

December 23, 2022

　 　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has put forward a series of groundbreaking new ideas, new ideas and new strategies on cyber security and informatization, and formed the important thoughts of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader on cyber power. We should profoundly study and understand the important thought of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the network power, make great efforts to integrate learning, thinking and application, and unify knowledge, belief and practice, further improve the level of network security and informatization work, and constantly create a new situation in building a network power. today，Dangjian. comCombing some important related expositions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, I invite you to study and understand them together.

　　Unswervingly adhere to the party’s management of the internet

　　We are a socialist country led by the Communist Party of China (CPC). Why can’t we talk about the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and the socialist system? Why can’t we speak out! The more someone tries to suppress the voice of positive public opinion, the more we have to speak out. If evil does not suppress right, and the positive voice on the Internet is strong, the influence of negative public opinion can be reduced.

　　— — On June 20, 2013, the Supreme Leader’s speech when talking with the new leadership team of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League.

　　It is not easy to build consensus, so we should work together. In order to achieve our goal, concentric circles should be formed online and offline. What are concentric circles? It is under the leadership of the Party that people of all ethnic groups throughout the country are mobilized, and the enthusiasm of all parties is mobilized to work together to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　— — On April 19, 2016, the Supreme Leader’s Speech at the Symposium on Network Security and Informatization

　　We must take a clear-cut stand and unswervingly adhere to the party’s management of the Internet, strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee over the work of online information, and ensure that the cause of online information always advances in the right direction.

　　— — On April 20, 2018, the Supreme Leader’s speech at the National Cyber Security and Informatization Work Conference.

　　We put forward that there is no national security without cyber security, and there is no modernization without informationization. Cyber security and informationization are related to the long-term governance of the party, the long-term stability of the country, the economic and social development and the well-being of the people. If you can’t pass the Internet, you can’t pass the long-term governance. We should put the cyber information work in the overall situation of the party and the state and effectively strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the party.

　　— — On April 20, 2018, the Supreme Leader’s speech at the National Cyber Security and Informatization Work Conference.

　　Fully implement the strategy of strengthening the country by network

　　Network security and informatization are important strategic issues related to national security and development, and to the work and life of the broad masses of the people. We should proceed from the international and domestic general trend, make overall arrangements, coordinate all parties, innovate and develop, and strive to build China into a network power.

　　— — On February 27, 2014, the Supreme Leader’s Speech at the First Meeting of the Central Cyber Security and Informatization Leading Group

　　The world economy is accelerating the transformation to economic activities with the network information technology industry as the important content. We should seize this historical opportunity, cultivate new kinetic energy with informationization, and promote new development with new kinetic energy. It is necessary to increase investment, strengthen the construction of information infrastructure, promote the deep integration of the Internet and the real economy, accelerate the digitalization and intelligence of traditional industries, make the digital economy bigger and stronger, and expand new space for economic development.

　　— — On October 9, 2016, the Supreme Leader’s speech at the 36th collective study in the 18th the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.

　　In today’s world, a new all-round comprehensive national strength competition is being launched around the world. Whether it can adapt to and lead the development of the Internet has become a key to determine the rise and fall of a big country. All the major countries in the world regard informatization as the national strategic focus and priority development direction. The competition for the leading power and the right to make networks around cyberspace is becoming increasingly fierce. The map of world power has been redrawn because of informatization, and the Internet has become an important force affecting the world. In today’s world, whoever has mastered the internet will grasp the initiative of the times; Whoever despises the internet will be abandoned by the times. To some extent, it can be said that those who have access to the Internet have access to the world.

　　— — On April 20, 2018, the Supreme Leader’s speech at the National Cyber Security and Informatization Work Conference.

　　It is necessary to fully implement the strategy of strengthening the country by network, widely apply digital technology to government management services, promote the digital and intelligent operation of the government, and provide strong support for promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.

　　— — On April 19, 2022, the Supreme Leader delivered a speech at the 25th meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform.

　　Grasp the initiative of internet development

　　If we want to master the initiative of China’s Internet development, and ensure Internet security and national security, we must break through the difficult problem of core technology and strive to achieve "overtaking in corners" in some fields and aspects.

　　— — On April 19, 2016, the Supreme Leader’s Speech at the Symposium on Network Security and Informatization

　　To promote the development of media integration, we should adhere to the direction of integrated development, realize the effective integration of various media resources and production factors through process optimization and platform reengineering, realize the integration and intercommunication of information content, technology application, platform terminal and management means, catalyze the qualitative change of integration, amplify the efficiency of integration, and create a number of new mainstream media with strong influence and competitiveness.

　　— — On January 25, 2019, the Supreme Leader delivered a speech at the 12th collective study in the 19th the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.

　　It is necessary to promote cultural prosperity, inherit, innovate and develop excellent traditional culture, strictly implement the responsibility system for ideological work, promote the in-depth development of media integration, build all media, pay more attention to the construction of online content, and make cyberspace full of righteousness.

　　— — On September 18, 2019, the Supreme Leader’s speech during his inspection tour in Henan.

　　Strengthen the construction of all-media communication system and shape a new pattern of mainstream public opinion. Improve the comprehensive network management system and promote the formation of a good network ecology.

　　— — On October 16, 2022, the report of the Supreme Leader in the The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China（CPC）.

　　Let the Internet better benefit the country and people.

　　Promoting China’s economic and social development in accordance with the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing is the general requirement and general trend of China’s development at present and in the future. The development of China’s online information industry should adapt to this general trend, take the lead in practicing the new development concept, promote the construction of a network power, promote the development of China’s online information industry, and make the Internet better benefit the country and people.

　　— — On April 19, 2016, the Supreme Leader’s Speech at the Symposium on Network Security and Informatization

　　The development of network information business must carry out the people-centered development thought, and take the improvement of people’s well-being as the starting point and the end result of informatization development, so that the people can have more sense of gain, happiness and security in informatization development.

　　— — On April 20, 2018, the Supreme Leader’s speech at the National Cyber Security and Informatization Work Conference.

　　Information technology innovation is changing with each passing day, and digitalization, networking and intelligence are developing in depth, which plays an increasingly important role in promoting economic and social development, promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life.

　　— — On April 22, 2018, the Supreme Leader sent a congratulatory letter to the first Digital China Construction Summit.

　　Party committees (party groups) at all levels should strengthen organizational leadership, strengthen overall coordination, and ensure that the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee on online information work are implemented; Network information departments at all levels should be loyal to the party and the people, be brave in taking responsibility, be good at pioneering and innovating, be brave in fighting and be willing to work hard to provide a strong guarantee for promoting the high-quality development of network information.

　　— — In July 2023, the Supreme Leader made important instructions on network security and informatization.

　　Building a community of destiny in cyberspace

　　China is willing to join hands with other countries in the world to deepen international cooperation, respect cyber sovereignty, safeguard cyber security, jointly build a peaceful, secure, open and cooperative cyberspace and establish a multilateral, democratic and transparent international Internet governance system.

　　— — On November 19, 2014, the Supreme Leader sent a congratulatory message to the first world internet conference.

　　Cyberspace is a common space for human activities, and the future and destiny of cyberspace should be shared by all countries in the world. Countries should strengthen communication, expand consensus, deepen cooperation and jointly build a community of cyberspace destiny.

　　— — Speech by the Supreme Leader at the Opening Ceremony of the Second world internet conference on December 16, 2015.

　　China is willing to work with other countries in the world to seize the historical opportunity of the information revolution, foster new kinetic energy for innovation and development, create a new situation of digital cooperation, create a new pattern of cyber security, build a community of destiny in cyberspace, and work together to create a better future for mankind.

　　— — On November 23, 2020, the Supreme Leader sent a congratulatory letter to world internet conference Internet Development Forum.

　　China is willing to join hands with other countries in the world to embark on a global digital development path featuring co-construction and sharing of digital resources, dynamic digital economy, accurate and efficient digital governance, prosperous digital culture, strong digital security and win-win digital cooperation, accelerate the construction of a community of cyberspace destiny, and contribute wisdom and strength to world peace and development and human civilization and progress.

　　— — On November 9, 2022, the Supreme Leader sent a congratulatory letter to the 2022 Wuzhen Summit in world internet conference.

　　CCTV News (Reporter Tian Hong, reporter Gou Huimin): Every year from November to April of the following year, people and vehicles will be trapped in the Dynasu section. To this end, in 2021, the 165 th regiment of the 9 th Division established the Emin detachment of the Hurricane Emergency Rescue Center in Tacheng area, which specially escorted the trapped people.

　　"Hey, Diane Sue border police station, our group is trapped in the position of National Highway 219 …" On the morning of March 24, a trapped driver urgently called the Dayinsu police station.

　　After receiving the rescue information, the rescue police of the 165th Regiment of the Ninth Division and the staff of the Comprehensive Management Center contacted the trapped driver while driving in the inclement weather with snow and visibility of only a few meters. It took nearly two hours to find two cars trapped in the snowstorm.

　　When he saw the rescuers who came in a hurry, the trapped driver excitedly thanked him. The rescue team made a rescue plan according to the terrain where the vehicles were trapped at that time. After an hour of hard work and cooperation, the two trapped vehicles were all rescued safely and escorted all the way out of the snowstorm area.

　　The howling north wind kept blowing with snow, and the cold wind hit the face like a knife. The rescuers’ faces were all red, and their eyebrows and eyelashes were covered with white ice flowers. They didn’t drop water for five hours, but it was a true portrayal and normality of their winter rescue.

　　It is reported that the Emin detachment of the Hurricane Emergency Rescue Center in Tacheng area is composed of public welfare personnel from all walks of life and has 23 social rescue vehicles. Up to now, it has been rescued 43 times. There are more than 130 rescuers and more than 60 vehicles.

　　BEIJING, Oct. 1 (Sweet Chen Caixia) On September 30, local time, at the last minute of the end of the US federal government’s fiscal year, the two houses of Congress finally passed a short-term expenditure bill to provide funds for the US government until November 17, thus avoiding the government’s "closure".

　　The original intention of the US Congress in charge of the "money bag" was to limit the arbitrary spending of government departments, but now it has become a "bargaining chip" for the two parties to seize political interests.

　　The United States is moving towards a "dangerous situation". It seems that behind one crisis, another crisis is approaching.

　　"Man-made crisis"

　　The U.S. government avoids lockout

　　On the evening of September 30, local time, the House of Representatives and the Senate of the US Congress successively voted to pass a short-term expenditure bill and sent it to President Biden for signature, thus preventing the government from "closing the door".

　　The short-term spending bill provides the federal government with 45 days of short-term spending. At the last minute, the bill added the natural disaster relief funds requested by the White House, but did not include additional assistance to Ukraine and strengthening border security.

　　In response, Biden said in a statement, "Tonight, the bipartisan majority in the House and Senate voted to keep the government running, avoiding an unnecessary crisis and bringing unnecessary pain to millions of hard-working Americans."

　　But he also criticized that this was a "man-made crisis" that could have been avoided a few months ago.

　　Generally speaking, the federal government of the United States operates normally, and the required funds are authorized by the appropriation bill every fiscal year. If Congress fails to pass the bill, government spending will be blocked and some functions will have to stop. The chain reaction of the government’s "closing the door" also endangers all walks of life: more than 4 million American soldiers and government workers will not be paid, and two-thirds of the employees of the tax bureau may be forced to take vacations.

　　The two parties are constantly fighting.

　　The "closed door" crisis will be staged again in November.

　　Recently, the two parties in the United States have been fighting over the appropriation case for the new fiscal year and have been deadlocked several times, which has triggered a "closed door" crisis. Specific differences include the size of the budget for the next 12 months, continued assistance to Ukraine, and immigration control on the US-Mexico border.

　　What is even more difficult is that not only are there serious differences between the Democratic and Republican parties, but cooperation is difficult, and the Republican Party is also in a mess.

　　Hard-line conservatives in the Republican Party demand that the government’s disposable expenditure ceiling in fiscal year 2024 be reduced by another $120 billion on the basis of the $1.59 trillion negotiated between Speaker McCarthy and President Biden. On September 29th, the House of Representatives controlled by the Republican Party even defeated McCarthy’s provisional appropriation bill, which made the government "close the door" again and again.

　　Now, although the latest short-term spending bill promoted by McCarthy was approved in Congress, the Associated Press believes that the "closed door" crisis has only been "temporarily" alleviated.

　　According to the report, in order to get the short-term spending bill approved, Republican McCarthy was forced to rely on the Democratic Party and abandoned the hard-line conservatives of the Republican Party. This means that he is likely to face a motion to try to remove the Speaker of the House of Representatives.

　　The National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) also commented that the US Congress must resolve its differences before November 17, but it is not clear whether they will do so. We are likely to get into the present situation again in November.

　　Political calculations are full,

　　The United States is heading for a "dangerous situation"

　　This is not the first time that the US government has faced a "closed door" crisis. Since 1976, there have been 21 cases in which the U.S. government closed down due to the shortage of funds, including 10 cases in which government employees were forced to take unpaid leave after 1980.

　　The longest one happened in 2018-2019, when President Trump and Congressional Democrats were deadlocked on the issue of building the border wall, which led to the failure of the government budget. At that time, some governments stopped working for 35 days, running through the whole holiday season.

　　Schumer, the majority leader of the Senate and a Democrat, pointed out in September that if the government "closes the door", it would be the fault of the Republican "political game" in the House of Representatives.

　　He said, "The only way to pass the budget is bipartisan cooperation & HELIP; … A single political party cannot complete this work, especially if it is controlled by an extremist group of 30 to 40 people. "

　　Republicans in the House of Representatives targeted the attack on the high debt of the United States and blamed it on Democrats. Senator John Kennedy, Republican of Louisiana, said, "Democrats know that spending and debt accumulation are out of control, but they still refuse to consider Republican suggestions."

　　Reuters commented that the differences between the Senate and the House of Representatives are hard to close, and this "partisan deadlock mode" has repeatedly pushed the United States into a dangerous situation, which is constantly damaging the credibility of the United States.

　　Bloomberg economists believe that once the government stops for a long time, the Republican Party will be accused, which is beneficial to Biden’s re-election. However, if the Democratic Party agrees to the demand of Republican hardliners to cut federal spending sharply, it will have an impact on the economy in 2024, and the ruling Democratic Party will become the object of blame by voters.

　　US Treasury Secretary warns!

　　Another crisis is approaching.

　　In fact, the financial problems of the US federal government go far beyond this. In recent years, the "snowball" of American debt has been getting bigger and bigger. According to the The New York Times website on September 18th, the total national debt of the United States exceeded $33 trillion for the first time that day, once again ushered in a "dangerous milestone".

　　On September 29th, US Treasury Secretary Yellen warned that the government’s "closing the door" would lead to the idleness of many enterprises and children’s projects, thus "damaging" the economic operation of the United States and possibly delaying the promotion of major infrastructure. Unless Congress raises the debt ceiling, it is very likely that there will be a "historic financial crisis" and an "economic disaster" in the United States.

　　Moody’s Investors Service, an international rating agency, also warned on September 25 that the "shutdown" of the US federal government would have a negative impact on the US credit rating. Previously, Fitch Ratings, an international rating agency, downgraded the default rating of long-term foreign currency issuers in the United States from AAA to AA+.

　　Larry Fink, president of BlackRock, a world-renowned fund management company, lambasted American politicians for letting the government shut down, which was "absurd" and "irrational" and undermined the position of the United States in the eyes of investors.

　　According to the weekly New Republic, American politicians regard the debt ceiling as a political stick and the global economy as collateral. This "stupid game" may disrupt the global economy.

　　[Chinese Characters and Folklore]

　　Author: Li Jing (Associate Professor, Center for Inheritance, Dissemination and Education of Chinese Character Civilization of the State Language Committee, Center for Inheritance and Innovation of Ancient Chinese Characters and Chinese Civilization of Henan Province)

　　The structure of Chinese character forms contains the wisdom and ingenuity of the Chinese nation, and the changes of Chinese character forms often have profound meanings beyond the sound and meaning of characters. For example, the folk custom of seeking happiness is often realized through the change of the shape of the word "blessing": Kangxi’s imperial pen is "the best blessing in the world", which implies the word "longevity" in writing, indicating "both happiness and longevity", and the "blessing" below is not sealed, which means "boundless prosperity"; The word "Fu" is posted on the gate, which means "Open the door to welcome the blessing", and the word "Fu" is posted upside down on the rice jar. When the rice is poured, the word "Fu" is deformed positively, symbolizing "When things go, they are blessed"; Hundreds of different forms of "fu" form a "hundred-blessing picture" in order to "bless arrival" … This phenomenon of using Chinese characters to express ideas by means of shape variation, orientation movement, stroke increase and decrease, sorting and combination is called the "super-symbolic function" of Chinese characters by scholars, that is, Chinese characters can play an expressive function beyond language without corresponding to the sound and meaning of symbols. This is an important feature that distinguishes Chinese characters from pinyin characters, and it is also a prominent embodiment of the uniqueness of Chinese character civilization and Chinese civilization.

　　1. Intuitive simulation of glyph ideographic.

　　After the transformation of Chinese characters, the original pictographic and pictographic features were weakened, but the unique attribute of "pictographic according to class" in the origin stage has long been deeply engraved in the national cultural psychology, which has influenced the Chinese people’s cognitive psychology and usage habits of Chinese characters. People often describe shapes and examples based on the similarity between glyphs and the shape of things, and activate the original pictographic function of Chinese characters. For example, the Book of Songs Bo Xi: "It rains and it rains, and the sun comes out." Among them, the "pestle" indicates brightness, and the glyph of "sun" on "wood" is used to describe the scene of hanging branches in Chu Qing after the rain, which is vivid. Another example is the Ming poem "Night to Xixi": "The cool moon rises and disappears, and the peaks are bumpy." The word "concave-convex" in the sentence is integrated with the semantic meaning, showing the staggered and uneven shape of Gu Feng and the "chaos" of the mountain peaks, as at present.

　　If the above-mentioned words such as "Gao", "concave" and "convex" are used to express meaning as well as semantics, then the transcendence of Chinese characters over language functions is more prominent in the use of purely glyph-related objective things. For example, the poem "Jiangnan" written by Han Yuefu: "Lotus can be picked in the south of the Yangtze River, and the lotus leaves are He Tiantian." The "field" here does not record "farmland", but only because the shape is similar to the lotus leaf with lines, it is described as "field" to describe the lotus leaf lush and connected. For another example, in the Song Dynasty, "The frog turns white and grows wide, and the earthworm dies purple", in which the word "Chu" imitates the shape of the frog falling to the sky after death, and the word "Zhi" resembles the shape of the earthworm after death. The meaning of "Chu" and "Zhi" is figurative, but none of them corresponds to the meaning of the language. For another example, there is a bamboo garden in Yangzhou named "Geyuan", named after "Ge", and its shape is like the appearance of bamboo leaves, which is interesting and clear.

　　The superlinguistic function of Chinese characters can also be expressed directly by "a certain glyph" by describing the form. For example, in Tang poetry, the word "cross the head" and in Song poetry, the image is particularly clever. Modern contexts include "one-character eyebrow", "eight-character step", "Chinese character face", "I-shaped building", "T-shaped road", "Tian Zige", "Chuanzi pattern" and "well-shaped brick", and so on, all of which are special uses of the whole character as a pictographic symbol to illustrate things.

　　2. Components are divided into many meanings.

　　As an integral part of Chinese characters, components can sometimes "express meaning by form" and push the information related to words from "implication" to "presentation". For example, "Shen (Shen) sacrifice" was a way of offering sacrifices to God in ancient times. In Zhou Li Da Zong Bo, there is a record of "offering sacrifices to mountains and rivers with raccoons", which means that sacrifices sink into the water to worship mountains and rivers. The word "Shen" only means "sinking things into the water (as a sacrifice)", and the object of sinking is unknown. However, the word "Shen" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions has different glyphs from cattle, sheep and jade, and its components mark different sacrifices. Similarly, there are words like "prison", "grazing" and "trap" written by Oracle Bone Inscriptions. The replacement components are cattle, sheep, deer, tapirs, etc. Different components have different related objects.

　　The components of Chinese characters (including non-functional components) can not independently express the language meaning, nor can they be used independently in the language chain. If there is a situation that components or parts express meaning independently and are used independently, it is beyond the function of general symbols. There are two main situations:

　　One is that the whole word does not express the meaning, and the component expresses the real meaning. For example, scholar Feng Youlan, Zeng Zeng friend Jin Yuelin Shoulian: "It’s not just rice, it’s tea." The word "rice" consists of eighty-eight, and the word "tea" consists of two tens on the upper part and eighty-eight on the lower part, which adds up to one hundred and eight. "Rice" does not refer to the word "rice", and "tea" has nothing to do with "tea", which means that the real meaning of the old man’s longevity is hidden in the words, which is quite elegant. According to legend, Ji Xiaolan wrote the inscription "Bamboo Bud" for the newly-built pavilion in He Shen’s house. He Shen thought that it was "like a bamboo bud, like a pine tree" in The Book of Songs, and he was very proud. But he didn’t know that his intention was to satirize his "all fools". "Bamboo bud" does not record the word "dense bamboo forest", but expresses the meaning with the split components, which embodies the excellent and rich expressive force of Chinese characters. There are similar usages in the modern network context, such as "Ji (ao) ? (tān), Bi (ao) ? (rén)", which means "as long as he has his heart, don’t have two hearts". "Luo" and "Yi" are originally dialect words, meaning "as long as" and "don’t". The semantics here are consistent with dialects, but they are read separately. "Mi" is the honorific title of the third person "He", which is interpreted as "His Heart" here; "Ba" is the same as "benevolence" in ancient times, and it is interpreted as "two hearts" here. The speaker’s real meaning lies on the component, even if he only knows the meaning of the word and doesn’t know its sound, he can read and use it.

　　The other is that the whole word expresses the real meaning, and the component does not express the meaning, but the whole word is disassembled into component words and directly compiled into sentences. For example, The Book of Jin: "Gu Yue’s Last Rebellion in Zhongzhou", in which "Gu Yue" is the argot of "Hu" and refers to the Hu people. In the Song Dynasty, "Sitting and watching eighteen gongs, pitching ashes", "eighteen gongs" is derived from "pine" and refers to pine trees. The component only represents the original word, and has no function of recording language. When a poem is dismantled and combined, it is full of purport and euphemism.

　　This kind of glyph disassembly is also often used to create crossword puzzles: either the author leaves, the reader closes, such as "words and deeds, never leaving", and "words, body and inch" combine to get the answer word "Xie"; Or the author’s combination, the reader’s solution, such as "pump", breaks down the mystery word "get to the bottom" Because he talked about it, this is not superfluous.

　　3. The body variation is quite ingenious

　　The transcendence of Chinese characters over language functions is also reflected in the change of the conventional forms of glyphs to convey special meanings. Chinese characters have strong plasticity, and many different forms can be transformed by scaling, increasing or decreasing components and strokes on the two-dimensional plane, which is particularly widely used in the network context. After the Chinese character component is split, it occupies a plurality of characters, which widens the width of the whole character horizontally visually, which not only symbolizes the widening of the body shape, such as "every festival’ half moon’ weighs three pounds"; It can also be a metaphor for the slowness in the time dimension, such as "experiencing the life of Chengdu". The increase or decrease of components can also show the super-linguistic charm of Chinese characters. For example, netizens spit out: "Shandong enters autumn in one second,’ Candong’ becomes’ Shandong’ overnight … and soon becomes’ Mountain Frozen’." Here, "Candong", "Shandong" and "Mountain Frozen" are physical variations based on the shape of "Shandong", where "Candong" increases "fire", "Shantou" increases "water" and "freezing" increases, which corresponds to the unpredictable weather in the objective world.

China Academy of Art

　　In art design, the variation of Chinese characters has unique aesthetic value and can also express special meanings. For example, the school logo of China Academy of Fine Arts is not only like the word "country" without left and right, but also like the abstract word "beauty", which means that the country is boundless. The logo design of Anyang Museum is also full of wisdom: the word "Anyang" is arranged vertically, the upper part of "An" is deformed into the shape of a mountain (short in the middle), which looks like the cornice of an ancient building, and the lower part of the word "female" is extended vertically in two strokes, imitating the shape of the museum wall to cover the traditional word "Yang", which means to collect rare treasures and accumulate the yang of the world. The words "Guo" and "An" convey rich humanistic information by non-verbal means of body variation, which is ingenious and profound. For another example, in the theme posters against corruption and promoting honesty, the forms of Chinese characters convey profound connotations through various changes: or "corruption" is inverted to express the meaning of "anti-corruption"; Or "greed" makes "Bei" a "prisoner", which means that greed is a prisoner; Or "honesty" and "corruption" are combined into one word, which contains dialectical philosophy. There is only a thin line between honesty and corruption. It is necessary to keep the bottom line and sound the alarm.

　　4. Changing words has another pursuit.

　　Chinese characters often use other characters in the process of use, which is related to folk culture and often implies profound meaning. For example, in the Liao Dynasty, the word book "Dragon Cave Hand Mirror" was changed to "mirror" because it avoided Zhao Kuangyin’s grandfather Zhao Jing’s taboo; In the late Ming Dynasty, in order to avoid the name of Zhu Changluo, the homonym "Taste" and "Luo" were used instead of "Chang" and "Luo". The substitution of Chinese characters reflects the cultural custom of "taboo for respect, taboo for relatives and taboo for sages" at that time.

　　In Chinese New Year greetings, people often change a word in an idiom into a word with the same sound or similar sound to that of the year’s zodiac, with the aim of getting a good impression, such as showing off the rabbit, prospering the dragon, making the sheep proud, making the chicken happy and making the pig happy. Sometimes, word-changing is for the pursuit of subtlety and elegance. For example, in letters, "Xian Di" is often written as "Lei Lee", which is even more elegant because "Xiao Ya Chang Di" is a poem that sings the love of brothers and sisters, replacing "Di" with "Di". There are also elegant considerations in changing the names of place names. For example, the names of Beijing hutongs were changed in batches to avoid vulgarity, the "sow" hutong was changed to "Meizhu" hutong, the "Yangwei" hutong was changed to "Yangwei" hutong, and the "Wang Widow" diagonal street was changed to "Wang Guangfu" diagonal street. In addition, Macau changed the ancient name "oyster mirror" to "Hao mirror", and Taiwan Province changed the place name "chicken coop" to "Keelung". Seeking elegance by changing customs reflects the cultural orientation of the times and the ideas of local people. However, place names are valuable intangible cultural heritage, bearing the ancient people’s concept of living together and cultural traditions. If it is not to avoid vulgarity and seek elegance, it is best not to change the words of place names at will.

　　Chinese characters have the function of super-language, and their glyphs vary. When they are replaced by words, they often mean something beyond words and have another mind. This implied cultural meaning needs our careful understanding.

　　Guangming Daily (April 21, 2024, 05 edition)