What are the highlights of the ＂national ledger＂ in the first year of the 14 th Five-Year Plan？

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 28th Question: what are the highlights of the "national account book" in the first year of the 14 th Five-Year Plan? — — Interview with Bai Jingming, former vice president of China Academy of Fiscal Science.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Shen Cheng

　　State finance is taken from the people and used by the people. In 2021, how to accurately and effectively implement a proactive fiscal policy? What are the new arrangements for the "national account book" to benefit enterprises and benefit the people? What challenges will financial operation face? Focusing on hot issues, the reporter interviewed Bai Jingming, former vice president of China Academy of Fiscal Science.

　　How can a proactive fiscal policy be accurate and effective, improve quality and increase efficiency?

　　"Accurate and effective", "Improving quality, increasing efficiency and being more sustainable" — — The Central Economic Work Conference put forward requirements for implementing a proactive fiscal policy this year.

　　In Bai Jingming’s view, the "accurate and effective" proactive fiscal policy should be reflected in three aspects: first, when fiscal policy is effective, it should control the cost at a low level; Second, fiscal policy should focus on solving the blocking points, pain points and difficulties of economic and social development; Third, the starting point of fiscal policy should be in places with strong spillover and high social benefits.

　　How to understand the fiscal policy of "improving quality and increasing efficiency" How to achieve it?

　　"Improving quality and increasing efficiency means spending as little as possible, doing good things according to quality and doing more things with a certain amount of funds." Bai Jingming said.

　　In his view, to improve quality and efficiency, on the one hand, we should optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure and use the funds in places that need to be solved urgently; On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen management and ensure that funds are "value for money".

　　In order to cope with the impact of the epidemic and promote economic recovery, many countries have introduced their own fiscal stimulus policies. How strong is China’s fiscal policy?

　　Bai Jingming said that in 2020, China introduced a number of fiscal policies, such as increasing the deficit ratio, expanding the scale of special debts, issuing special anti-epidemic bonds, and establishing a direct financial mechanism. Compared with other countries, China’s fiscal policy is strong and time-effective, giving overall consideration to economic development and social development, and providing assistance for China’s economic recovery.

　　What are the new arrangements for the "national account book" to benefit enterprises and benefit the people?

　　As an important focus of proactive fiscal policy, in 2020, China increased tax reduction and fee reduction to help market players bail out development.

　　"In 2020, the scale of tax reduction and fee reduction in China is expected to reach 2.5 trillion yuan, accounting for about 2.5% of GDP, which shows that the government is ‘ Cut the cake ’ At that time, the funds were given to enterprises and the people, which was very strong. " Bai Jingming said.

　　In his view, it is an inevitable trend to continue to reduce taxes and fees in 2021. The situation at home and abroad is still complicated this year, and the foundation of China’s economic recovery is still not solid. Through reducing taxes and fees, we will continue to "release water to raise fish" and further stabilize the basic economic disk.

　　"The focus of tax reduction and fee reduction this year is to stimulate the vitality of market players, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, to help them overcome the impact of the epidemic and increase their development momentum."

　　In 2020, China innovatively established a direct financial mechanism. The national financial work conference held a few days ago has made it clear that this year we will continue to adhere to this effective practice and form a normalized and institutionalized arrangement.

　　"It is necessary and conditional for the direct funding mechanism to expand its scope." Bai Jingming said, after the fund of "sticking one pole in the end" is expanded in scope and scale, it can better help solve the difficulties in economic and social development and improve efficiency.

　　What are the challenges faced by financial operation?

　　According to data released by the Ministry of Finance on the 28th, the national fiscal revenue decreased by 3.9% year-on-year in 2020. Is the financial operation facing challenges?

　　In Bai Jingming’s view, last year, China’s fiscal revenue decreased year-on-year. On the one hand, it was affected by the epidemic and the economic operation was affected, which brought about a decline in fiscal revenue; On the other hand, there are also factors of self-reduction. Due to the implementation of a large-scale tax reduction and fee reduction policy, some income has been "voluntarily given up".

　　"China’s financial operation is stable from a global perspective, and basic expenditures can be guaranteed." Bai Jingming said that after taking a number of effective measures, the financial resources of basic people’s livelihood, wages and operation in grass-roots cities and counties are guaranteed. Looking forward to 2021, as the economy continues to recover, the growth rate of fiscal revenue is expected to turn positive.

　　He said that the pressure of fiscal revenue and expenditure has always existed because the demand for expenditure is infinite, but the fiscal revenue is limited. "There is a contradiction between China’s fiscal revenue and expenditure, but it is relatively speaking. This contradiction comes from the people’s demand for a better life and the growing demand for public services, which require more funds to support the promotion. "

　　Bai Jingming believes that in the long run, coping with the aging population will become a challenge for the future financial operation. China’s fiscal expenditure structure should be actively adjusted in the future, and it will be more inclined to social security, especially the pension insurance expenditure. "Where is the money used? It is applied to solving short-board problems and alleviating contradictions in economic and social development. "

　　What are the new highlights in the financial field of the 14 th Five-Year Plan?

　　During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China entered a new stage of development, which is the stage of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and marching towards the goal of the second century. What new attractions will there be in the financial field?

　　In Bai Jingming’s view, during the five years of the 14th Five-Year Plan, many important financial reforms can be promoted. Focusing on further improving the modern financial system, we should further deepen the reform of the financial system and improve the income distribution among governments; Further deepen the reform of budget management and strengthen budget performance management.

　　At the same time, we will further improve the fiscal expenditure policies and systems, adjust the fiscal expenditure structure, and continue to make efforts in ensuring the equalization of public services and other key expenditures.

　　"In addition, the tax reform will continue to advance." Bai Jingming said that it is necessary to further improve preferential tax policies, strengthen the coordination between tax reform and tax policies, and accelerate the construction of a new development pattern around promoting enterprise development and high-quality economic development.