Vegetarianism is a "health-preserving" diet in many people’s minds. In recent years, many people have joined the ranks of vegetarians. At present, the number of vegetarians in China is about 50 million, and "vegetarianism" is becoming popular.

Although more and more people are vegetarian, unreasonable diet is a problem. Long-term unreasonable vegetarian diet can not only make the body healthier, but also lead to malnutrition.

What kind of influence will vegetarianism have on the body, and what is the correct way to open vegetarianism? In this article, we will answer the questions about vegetarianism, and attach an egg white recipe at the end of the article, so you can keep it for reference!

What are the benefits of vegetarianism?

Vegetarian food with reasonable diet can not only provide adequate nutrition for the body, but also reduce the risk of many diseases. Studies have shown that the mortality of all-cause mortality’s disease, ischemic heart disease, circulatory system disease and cerebrovascular disease in vegetarian population is significantly lower than that in omnivorous population with animal food. [1] Moreover, the risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes and cancer in vegetarian population is lower than that in animal omnivorous food population.

Which two vegetarian dishes are more recommended?

The most common vegetarianism can be roughly divided into two types: ovalbumin and vegan. Egg-lactating people can also eat eggs and milk food besides vegetarian food; Vegan is a strict vegetarian, and does not eat any animal food, including eggs and milk. No matter what kind of vegetarian diet, as long as it can ensure a balanced nutrition. However, compared with the two, vegan has more disadvantages. If you must be vegetarian, you should recommend egg white.

What nutrition is vegetarian easy to lack?

For vegetarians, there is no serious shortage of carbohydrates, fats, dietary fiber and water for vegetarians, and it is easy to meet their physical needs as long as they follow the requirements of Dietary Guidelines for China Residents. Emphasis should be placed on preventing the deficiency of protein, vitamin B12, mineral iron and zinc, because meat food is an important source of high-quality protein, vitamin B12 and mineral iron and zinc. Therefore, we should pay attention to the intake of these nutrients in the diet, and we also need to pay attention to the supplement of vitamin D.

How to supplement the nutrition that is easy to lack?

(1) protein:

Although the protein of meat is high-quality protein, it is not only meat that contains protein. Eggs, milk and beans are all sources of high-quality protein.

The people who eat egg yolk are advised to eat every day:

A whole egg

300~500ml milk

25g soybean or corresponding amount of bean products (50g dried bean curd or 50g shredded bean curd or 100g north bean curd).

15~25g nuts (vegan 20~30g)

All kinds of miscellaneous grains and beans

In this way, the intake of protein is at least 50g/d, which is more than 90% of the recommended daily intake of 55g for women in protein. If it is male, it is recommended to add 10~20g protein powder on this basis every day. It should also be noted that different kinds of protein foods should be eaten at the same meal as far as possible, which can play a complementary role in protein and improve the absorption and utilization rate of protein. [1] For example, protein, a cereal food, lacks lysine and is rich in methionine, while protein, a legume food, lacks methionine and is rich in lysine. When they are eaten together, the proteins can complement each other.

② Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 mainly exists in animal foods, and it is a nutrient that is easily overlooked by everyone. Serious lack of vitamin B12 will cause nerve fiber degeneration, symptoms such as listlessness, anxiety, forgetfulness, and even anemia, so vitamin B12 is also called "nutritional nerve" vitamin. A survey shows that vitamin B12 deficiency is common in vegetarians with elevated homocysteine level and enlarged red blood cells, especially in vegetarians. [2] Vitamin B12 mainly exists in meat food, which is easy to be deficient for vegetarians.

Plant foods rarely contain vitamin B12, and fermented bean products such as fermented soybean meal, fermented bean curd, natto, seaweed and mushroom have some, but the salt content of fermented soybean meal and fermented bean curd is generally high, and the taste of natto is unacceptable to many people. Therefore, it is difficult to make up enough by diet, so it is recommended to take vitamin B12 supplements. ③ Mineral iron: Animal foods such as red meat, animal blood, animal liver and shellfish are good sources of iron supplement, and the iron contained is heme iron, which is easy to be absorbed and utilized by human body.

However, plant foods such as auricularia auricula, Tricholoma matsutake, red dates, spinach, moss, etc., although high in iron content, belong to non-heme iron, and the absorption and utilization rate of human body is low. However, if it is combined with vitamin C, it can help to improve the absorption and utilization rate of iron in plant foods [1]. Therefore, it is suggested that vegetarians should add fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C in their diet, such as Chinese cabbage, kiwi fruit, winter jujube, blood orange, guava, etc., and supplement Vc tablets or iron.

④ Mineral zinc: In addition to meat, nuts, coarse grains and fermented bean products are also good sources of mineral zinc, such as sunflower seeds, pine nuts, pumpkin seeds, chestnuts, black sesame seeds, etc. Among them, phytic acid in bean products is destroyed after fermentation, and the absorption and utilization rate of zinc will also increase.

One day, the egg custard recipe came!

According to the dietary recommendations for vegetarian people in the Dietary Guide for China Residents, people with egg yolk can refer to the following recipes (light-bodied women who do not need to lose weight) to arrange their diet for one day:

If it is a male, the ingredients that need to be adjusted are: 50 grams of millet, 100 grams of sweet potato, 20 grams of walnut, 40 grams of red dates, 80 grams of white flour and 100 grams of tofu.

Note: ① The amount of salt is not written in the recipe, so everyone should control it by themselves. It should not exceed 6 grams of salt every day, which is less than 1 bottle cap of mineral water (1~2 mm short of the bottle cap).

6 grams of salt (Master Kong packaged drinking water bottle cap) 2 The cooking pot is best to be non-stick, otherwise it will cost more oil.

A porcelain spoon is about 10 grams of oil.

Remarks:

Vegetarian people are easy to lack vitamin B12 and mineral iron, so it is recommended to supplement multivitamins or targeted supplements every other day; In order to promote the absorption of calcium, it is recommended to supplement 10 micrograms of vitamin D every day.

Vegetarian people are easy to lack n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, so it is suggested that rapeseed oil and soybean oil should be used more in cooking, and linseed oil and perilla seed oil should be used more in cold salad.

Illustration of some ingredients:

Three red dates (20 grams of edible part) Want to know the weight of jujube stones? I eat very clean!

2 grams of laver

30 grams of carrots

20 grams of red beans (mung beans for reference)

100g sweet potato

10 grams of paper walnut Although this recipe is only for one day, as long as you change the ingredients carefully, you can change the recipe for many days. For example, change Chinese cabbage into rape, green pepper into colored pepper, dried tofu into dried tofu, garlic sprout into leek, sweet potato into purple potato, walnut into cashew nut and so on.

Focus

For friends who like vegetarianism, vegetarianism is also ok. However, ovalbumin is easier to achieve nutritional balance than vegan, and it is more recommended.

In addition, when you are vegetarian, you must mix it reasonably, and pay attention to supplementing compound nutrients or specific nutritional supplements.

　　CCTV News:The Central Meteorological Observatory issued a cold wave blue warning at 10: 00 on December 9:

　　Affected by the cold wave, it is estimated that from 14: 00 on December 9 to 08: 00 on December 12, the temperature will drop by 6 ~ 10℃ in parts of the southeastern part of northwest China, northeast China, North China, Huanghuai, Jianghan, Jianghuai, Jiangnan and northern South China, and the temperature drop in eastern Heilongjiang, southern North China and Huanghuai can reach more than 12℃. On the morning of the 12th, the lowest temperature line of 0℃ will be pushed southward to the area from central Hubei to northern Jiangsu and Anhui.

　　It is estimated that from 14: 00 on December 9 to 14: 00 on December 11, the temperature in most parts of Northeast China, southern North China, most of Huanghuai, most of Jianghan and western Jiangnan will drop by 6 ~ 10℃ successively, among which the temperature in some areas of eastern Heilongjiang, southwestern Shanxi, western Huanghuai and northern Hubei can reach above 10℃.

　　Defense guide:

　　1, the government and relevant departments in accordance with their duties to prepare for the cold wave;

　　2. Pay attention to adding clothes to keep warm;

　　3. Take certain protective measures for tropical crops and aquatic products;

　　4. Prepare for the wind.

　　Bath center, 24-hour ATM bank, underground parking, Internet cafe, KTV… … In recent years, some tourists choose these cheap and convenient places to spend the night in order to save money when traveling abroad. Recently, however, Red Star journalists found that some netizens shared their "coup" of saving money by staying overnight on a social platform, and even chose the overnight place in the emergency department of the hospital. They also said that big hospitals such as the top three hospitals are five-star hotels with intimate service and comfortable recliners.

　　In this regard, some medical staff working in the emergency department told the Red Star journalist that in the past work, people who did come to see a doctor by pretending to be sick generally did not deliberately expose them, and they would be treated according to normal diagnosis and treatment. The inspection should be advised to go back to rest and persuade them to leave. It is considered to be very unqualified for this kind of behavior that takes up the queue for medical treatment and medical resources. "If there are many such behaviors, the hospital will issue relevant regulations in the future, which will add trouble to those who really come to see a doctor."

　　▲ Screenshot of the post of saving money by going to the emergency department of the hospital for the night.

　　Bloggers send "coup" to save money by traveling;

　　"You can pretend to be sick and go to the hospital for emergency treatment for the night."

　　Netizens criticized "guiding others to occupy medical resources"

　　Recently, a blogger posted on a social platform that if you can’t book a room for travel, you can register to stay in the emergency room of the hospital. According to the screenshot of the net transmission, the blogger created his own "small coup" to save money for overnight travel, and emphasized that big hospitals such as the top three hospitals are five-star hotels with intimate service and comfortable recliners.

　　The blogger also described in detail a series of procedures for registering and seeing a doctor in his post: registering at the emergency window of the hospital after 10 pm, taking blood pressure and temperature at the triage desk, washing after "confirming that he is not sick", lying that he coughed and was out of breath when seeing a doctor, and asking the doctor to prescribe oxygen instead of medicine, and staying in the hospital for the night at the price of 3 yuan per hour. The time of oxygen inhalation can be determined according to his sleep habits. "A total of 30 yuan can spend the night on the hospital lounge chair, and the nurse will help look after the luggage."

　　On October 9, when Red Star journalists searched the above-mentioned bloggers’ accounts on the platform, they found that they could not find the relevant accounts. However, by searching keywords on the platform, the reporter found that other bloggers still posted similar posts. According to a blogger, his company organized a very remote (local) physical examination, and decided to stay in the hospital because he couldn’t go back that day. At that time, the doctor immediately opened a hospital for him, or a single room.

　　▲ Another netizen shared the post "Where can I spend the night without staying in a hotel?"

　　The blogger also said in his post that the hospital fee is basically about one day in 60 yuan, but only when the beds are free, and a sick note can be issued. Later, when the blogger went to Hangzhou to play, he had a physical examination in a local hospital because he couldn’t find accommodation. "I was given an accommodation. I was called up at 6: 30 the next day and took a color ultrasound. I let me go. I spent 220 yuan before and after. The accommodation price in Hangzhou was not lower than that in 600 yuan that day."

　　Since the post of "saving money by spending the night in the hospital emergency room" was exposed, it immediately triggered a hot discussion among netizens. Many netizens left a message in the comment area, "This is guiding others to occupy medical resources, which will seriously interfere with the normal order of hospitals and the work of medical staff"; "Emergency overnight not only wastes medical resources, but also affects patients who really need emergency services. Can you sit still in the rest area here? " Some people also said, "Not to mention the need for doctors to judge the condition, all kinds of patients will be received all night, as well as the sounds of various instruments, all kinds of painful screams, and the lights will shine like daylight, so you won’t go even if you are asked to go" … …

　　▲ Reply from the platform involved

　　On October 10th, the Red Star journalist contacted the customer service (professional assistant) of the platform involved. The other party said that in this case, you can click the reporting option on the platform, and provide the relevant materials of the whistleblower according to the corresponding prompts on the page, and the corresponding Commissioner will follow up the verification. "The platform will take one or more of the following measures based on the facts independently identified by it, such as: limiting the scope of display, banning accounts, banning accounts, and pursuing legal responsibilities according to law."

　　Emergency medical staff:

　　Encountered pretending to be sick to see a doctor.

　　But it is almost impossible to achieve the goal of staying overnight at a low price.

　　"Emergency departments at home and abroad are roughly divided into five major areas, including pre-hospital emergency triage area, hospitalization observation area, rescue area, emergency inpatient ward (including general ward and emergency intensive care unit) and infusion area." Xiao Wei, a medical staff member in the emergency department of a third-class first-class hospital in Guangzhou, told Red Star that the day shift and night shift in the domestic emergency department are similar. The day shift is the normal administrative time, around 8: 00 -18: 00, and the rest of the time is night shift. "After the outpatient clinic is closed, the emergency department becomes busy, usually at noon and evening, as well as on the eve of holidays and during holidays."

　　Regarding the bed problem in the emergency department, Xiao Wei said that there will be beds in the rescue area and the observation area, but the number is not very crowded, and they all need to go through the formalities. "The emergency inpatient ward, like the inpatient department, needs hospitalization procedures to live. There are 5 beds in our infusion area, which are used by patients who need infusion. After transfusion, they must get up and lie down for patients who need it later. People who don’t need infusion are not allowed to lie down. " In addition, Wei also said that the general process of treating patients in the emergency department is: when patients arrive in the emergency department, there is a triage desk, and the nurses at the triage desk will evaluate the patient’s condition, roughly grade the condition by asking questions, measuring heart rate and blood pressure, and queue up for treatment according to the grading system.

　　"Patients who pretend to be sick have also encountered some. The triage nurse generally does not refuse to consult, and the registration will be hanged. However, if it is recognized that he is pretending, he will be told that he must queue up according to the order of diagnosis and treatment and cannot jump the queue. After it’s his turn to see a doctor, the doctor will judge his condition. It’s really fake, and he won’t open an oxygen inhalation or a bed for you to lie down for one night. " Wei said, because doctors also know that he is responsible for the patients in every bed he arranges, he also needs to make records and shift the next doctor, and so does the nurse. "It is easier for people who pretend to be sick to see it. Ask more questions, do some relevant physical examinations, open tests for him, and he will refuse to check. However, (medical staff) generally will not deliberately expose the illness, so they will still be treated according to normal diagnosis and treatment. The inspection should be advised to go back to rest and persuade them to leave. Even if there is a free bed, it is impossible to give him a night. "

　　In addition, regarding the aforementioned problems of being drunk and being hospitalized for physical examination, Xiao Wei admits that the control of being hospitalized in the emergency department is stricter than that in the general outpatient department, so the situation of being hospitalized in the emergency department through being drunk or being hospitalized for physical examination hardly exists in the emergency department. "Unless the condition of drunkenness is very critical, it will definitely be hospitalized for treatment. “

　　"This online ‘ Planting grass ’ I was a little shocked by the situation. It is not excluded that some people have done this and succeeded, but this situation generally does not appear in busy public hospitals. However, many hospitals are expanding now, and the new campus of some hospitals is indeed well decorated and equipped, and it is not excluded to open beds to live in order to generate income; Moreover, some young doctors are inexperienced. If people who come to see a doctor strongly demand to stay overnight even if they have not detected any problems, there are also empty beds. For safety reasons, doctors may think that he may have mental illness and let him stay for one night. " Wei told reporters that they had had patients with mental and sleep problems before, and only asked for oxygen and overnight stay, but the patient did have mental problems. "In short, the hospital emergency department generally does not refuse to consult, but it must abide by the order of diagnosis and treatment, because emergency patients will definitely give him priority in cutting in line. Moreover, sometimes in an emergency, such as a new patient who needs to be rescued, if there is a lack of beds, the emergency department does not rule out letting patients with mild illness give up their beds, take wheelchairs or seats first, and wait until the beds are turned around before returning them to patients with mild illness. "

　　"Patients with colds and fever usually need to leave after the fluid is lost, and they are not allowed to stay in the emergency room. If medical staff find that someone is pretending to see a doctor, they will continue to urge them to leave. " The medical staff in the emergency department of a second-class hospital in China also told reporters that in the past, there were cases in which patients broke into the emergency room for the night by themselves in the middle of the night, and the medical staff would drive away the people who occupied the beds during the morning rounds. "Under normal circumstances, all patients who saw a doctor in the emergency department, as long as they did not apply for hospitalization, would ask the patients to leave after the treatment, and would not be allowed to stay overnight. It is almost impossible for people without symptoms to want a bed in the emergency department through the normal medical treatment process to achieve the purpose of staying overnight at a low price in the hospital. "

　　The medical staff also said that doctors will diagnose the specific symptoms of patients and will not blindly meet the requirements of patients. I just want to take oxygen when I cough, so don’t prescribe medicine ’ In fact, not everyone is suitable for oxygen inhalation when coughing. Even if oxygen inhalation is allowed, it is only allowed for twenty or thirty minutes. After simple treatment, the patient needs to leave, and it is impossible to stay overnight. "

　　Red Star Journalist Luo Mengjie Intern Wang Zixuan

Introduction:

On August 24th, the latest issue of Horizon’s "Hello, Developer" Autopilot Technology Special Session was successfully broadcast in the Zhidong Open Class.

The special session was given by Dr. algorithm engineer Zhu Hongmei, Horizon Perception, with the theme of BEV Perception Scheme and Deployment Practice Based on Journey 5. This article is a record of the lecture session of this special session. If you need live playback and Q&A, you can click

Good evening, friends of the open class of Zhidong. I’m Perception algorithm engineer Zhu Hongmei from the horizon, and I’m honored to share with you today "Ji"BEV awareness scheme and deployment practice in Journey 5》。 I will introduce it from five aspects.

01

General introduction of BEV perception framework

With the release of Journey 5 in 2021, we designed the sensing prototype scheme of BEV based on Journey 5. The input is vehicle-mounted multi-angle image sequence or multi-mode signal, and the fusion of time and space dimensions is carried out within the network, so that the neural network can output the dynamic and static sensing and prediction results from a bird’s-eye view.

Below is a frame diagram.

The green background part represents the signal processing of pure vision, and the input is the images of each camera. After the first stage of model extraction, the image features are transformed into multi-view spatial fusion from BEV perspective. Then, the features of BEV are fused in time sequence, and then sent to the second stage for feature extraction on BEV; Finally, input it to the head part for the output of perceptual elements. If there is a Lidar in the system, it will also be connected to the Lidar point cloud. In the early stage, we will do rasterization coding processing, and we will also do time sequence fusion. Finally, we will do intermediate fusion with visual BEV features, and also send them to the second stage to output the perceptual elements on BEV.

The blue part is the closed-loop iteration that has participated in many rounds. Students who pay attention to the horizon should know that at the Shanghai Auto Show in April this year, this part of the content has supported the closed-loop demo display of real cars. In recent six months, we have expanded the function of "dynamic obstacle detection" in sensing elements. Based on it, we connected the head of Transformer to do the Track id, speed estimation and trajectory prediction of dynamic obstacles. The dotted line part is currently under development, and we also want to make full use of the dynamic and static sensing results on BEV to output the interactive elements of dynamic and static sensing, such as behavior prediction.

There are two main modes of pure vision scheme here. One is the 11v integration scheme for double Journey 5; The other is a single journey chip-oriented scheme, in which 7v for driving and 5v for parking are integrated. Today’s sharing mainly focuses on the integration of time and space in the visual scheme, the analysis of perceptual elements, and the introduction of dynamic, especially dynamic perceptual prediction end-to-end scheme and deployment.

02

Spatio-temporal fusion module and chip deployment

Firstly, it is introduced that the four-plane space fusion method is adopted at the end of the plate at present. It takes the xy plane of the self-propelled coordinate system as the basic plane, and adds three height planes on this basis, hoping to obtain more scene image information with different heights. Time series fusion is relatively simple. We will cache the features after time series fusion at the last moment, align the historical frames to the current frame by using the self-driving motion between frames, and fuse them with the spatial fusion features of the current frame, and then deconvolution them and send them to the following network structure for perceptual output.

So why do we use this scheme?

In the early stage of research and development, we also compared different spatial fusion methods. In the early stage, in order to quickly get through the process, we adopted the simplest method based on single plane IPM to get through the perception of the whole framework. After that, I went to find out the depth-based fusion and transformer-based fusion scheme on Journey 5. The assessment dimension is the delay in Journey 5, assuming that the prerequisite is to be able to independently run this model above 30fps on the single core of Journey 5 to design the corresponding network parameters.

There are two key parameters that affect the perceptual performance of BEV, one is the resolution of image feature in one stage, and the other is the fusion resolution on BEV. The fusion resolution on BEV is relatively direct, and the higher the resolution, the better the perception of some small targets and point elements. Image resolution determines the amount of information input in two stages.

Here is a lane line simulation diagram, and the physical dimensions of each lane line are the same. Because it is perspective projection, the farther the lane line is in the image, the fewer pixels it will have. BEV indexing image features is generally a process of reverse realization, while BEV is generally designed with equal resolution, such as 0.6 and 0.4 m Grid resolution. When the distant objects in the scene are indexed by the coordinates of BEV, the physical resolution of the pixels in the image is already lower than that on BEV, and at this time, feature duplication will appear on BEV, which is a common stretching phenomenon. Reflected in the perception, for example, the detection box may have the phenomenon that the target splits into a string, so the feature resolution in one stage is also very important.

We grab the middle column of pixels to simulate the contrast of Z-value changes between two adjacent rows of pixels in 2M image and 8M image at 50m. It can be seen that the physical range of the low-resolution image corresponding to two adjacent rows of pixels has changed by more than 2 meters. For a high-resolution image, its adjacent two pixels are only about 0.6 meters. Therefore, when looking at the fusion scheme, we should not only consider whether a single task meets certain accuracy requirements, but also consider the final deployment, because it is multi-task and different perceptual elements output, so we hope that the resolution of one-stage feature and BEV fusion can be higher.

From this point of view, the current structure based on Transformer can meet the requirements of Journey 5, single core and 30+FPS, and the first-stage resolution and the second-stage fusion resolution are relatively low, and the delay is too high under this condition. However, the depth-based fusion method is lower than single plane in one stage. In addition, one reason for not adopting it is that the depth-based deployment has made some specific improvements for Journey 5, reaching a two-phase delay of 9.6 ms. In the stage of prototype verification, the flexibility of carrying different numbers of cameras on the car is not enough, so we adopt the plane mapping fusion method at this stage. In the early stage, we used a single plane, but when we actually did the closed-loop verification, we found that the generality and robustness of camera parameters were not enough, and it was sensitive. Therefore, we improved it in the further research and development process. Through various tests and verifications, we finally adopted the four-plane fusion method, which can achieve a good balance between performance and delay.

For time series fusion, different time series fusion methods will also be compared in the early stage of research and development. The basic method is to align the historical BEV features to the current frame and use different fusion methods to do time series fusion. Here is also a comparison of the fusion of different frames, with the experimental data accumulated at that time to do 10 frames of verification. In the case of 10 frames, there is an improvement of 3.5 points compared with only space. For latency, it is only increased by 1ms because it is deployed in recurrent mode.

Similarly, we also compare the two methods of obtaining historical frames. One is to intercept historical information at equal time intervals, and the other is at equal space intervals. Equal time interval is to use the system timestamp to index and read the corresponding frame. Equal space interval is to calculate the translation distance with the movement of the vehicle, and then get the frame. Finally, we found that the performance of equal space interval of 6 frames is similar to that of equal time interval of 10 frames, and they can also be combined, but the improvement of more fused frames is not great. Therefore, in order to simplify the deployment, we currently adopt the time series fusion method with equal time intervals.

There may be some differences in the training and deployment of time series fusion. One is the Odometry used when aligning two adjacent frames. In order to make the training model performance consistent with the real vehicle deployment, one principle to be observed is that the model input should be consistent with the board signal as much as possible. We use Odometry of wheel speedometer to do model training, and do tests on Odometry obtained by different methods. It is found that if it is consistent with the inter-frame interval during training, then this factor has little influence. In addition, for example, historical frames are obtained at 100ms intervals, and the model trained with 10fps training data is tested at 10fps, 15fps and 30fps. The conclusion is that if there is a big difference between deployment and training, the index gap will be even bigger. The actual system frame rate is affected by the real-time load of the system, and it may not be completely aligned no matter how to set the inter-frame interval during training. Generally, the perimeter perception can be around 15fps, which can basically meet the functional requirements, and the range of 1.5 points is also acceptable. This part can also make the distribution of time series training data more abundant through some data enhancement methods, and alleviate such problems.

The other is that when the time series is being trained, if there is no specific optimization, with the increase of the number of frames, some OOM(Out of Memorry) problems may occur in the time series data, which leads to the slow training speed. The training method is to adopt the feature cache strategy to alleviate or avoid such problems. However, when deploying on the board side, considering the memory limitation of the board side and the bandwidth loaded back, the most streamlined strategy recurrent mode is finally adopted on the board.

03

Analysis of static and Occupancy perception elements

An important component of static perception is truth value. How did the truth value on BEV come from?

From the very beginning of research and development to the present, three static truth values have been used. At first, high-precision maps were used, and now the truth production link based on multi-mode is used on a large scale. At present, the local mapping results of pure vision are also involved in the training. The quality of the drawings is developed by our company’s special 4D-Label team. At the special session of horizon "Hello, developer" autopilot technology, Dr. Sui Wei, the head of horizon 4D labeling technology, also shared the "4D labeling scheme for BEV perception". If you are interested, you can review it.

For the algorithm, the algorithm students should be more involved in the formulation of labeling rules. Even if the truth value is brushed by the big model, the big model needs the truth value, so the labeling rules need the deep participation of the students of the perceptual algorithm, especially the actual test scenario is very complicated. A reference condition of labeling rules is the Lidar point cloud base map obtained by mapping, which is an intensity map on BEV, and then it can be labeled by referring to images or videos. For example, lane lines should be marked with colors, some functional attributes and some downstream functions that are necessary and cannot be obtained from the Lidar bottom map, all of which need to be combined with images. For pavement signs, they are usually unmarked rotating frames, and for those that need a clear direction, they need to be marked in an orderly sequence. The elements of parking are basically to mark parking spaces, wheel gears, speed bumps and so on by marking key points.

The output of the model corresponds to the annotation. The marked information will be preprocessed to generate the true value of the model. Only when the truth value is supervised output can the downstream functional requirements be met. The lane line output is the position and attribute of the example point column; The intersection point is the position and type of the point; Curbside is also the instance position and type; Pavement discrete signs are detection frames and types. These static perception elements are very rich. For the model scheme, there is a classification learning of foreground extraction, a regression learning of accurate position, and a learning of example features of lane lines. On the whole, the static perception scheme is relatively conventional. When analyzing, line elements such as lane lines will extract the foreground through the score of Class Map, then cluster the points through the Embedding similarity, and reverse the attribute features to index the corresponding features of these points.

For lane lines, in the actual software analysis, we should consider the delay on the software, roughly estimate the direction of lane lines through vertical points according to the preset, and do one-dimensional search along this direction to shorten the post-processing time of lane lines. Now our scheme is newly optimized, and it takes less than 3ms to deal with this part. The analysis of pavement signs, detection points or boxes at intersections is a set of CenterNet: card score→maxpolling→TopK→ attribute extraction → output.

For parking elements, parking spaces will output orderly corner position, occupancy and parking space type direction; The wheel stopper is an orderly end position and type; The underground locks and columns under the parking lot are all output by detection frames, which are the same as the analytical ideas of the previous points and line frames. The parking space here has two small head, one of which is to obtain the overall attributes of the parking space, such as its occupancy, and whether the parking space type is parallel or vertical. There is also a Local head to accurately estimate the corner of the location, because the accuracy of this corner of the location is very high. After getting a more accurate one, calculate the point matching with the rough corner position obtained under global. Because this point is orderly, you can just card a distance threshold. After matching, you can get an accurate corner coordinate by replacing the corner coordinate.

This is our performance. The 2D perception scheme of horizon has been polished for a long time before, which is equivalent to having a good reference baseline for BEV perception.

Compared with the 2D scheme, lane lines and road signs have a great improvement in ranging, such as lane lines in different distance sections, arrows and stop lines of road signs. For parking spaces, Horizon also has a pre-fusion scheme. Before being sent to the network, four fish-eye images are fused by IPM to get an IPM image covering 360 degrees around the car, and then integrated into the network to output parking spaces. Now BEV is introduced in the previous framework, and feature are fused inside the model. At present, there are also great improvements in these three class libraries.

Take a look at this video, which is a visual display of a high-speed lane line, with a wide dotted line, and then get off the ramp. Here is a diversion point, a change point between reality and reality, and the arrow represents the direction.

For the perception of parking space, a parking scene is chosen here, where the red line represents the entrance line, the yellow X represents the occupation, the yellow box is the pillar of the parking lot, and the grass green is the wheel stopper.

Let’s talk about the perception of Occupancy. First of all, Occupancy is a 2D occupancy graph based on Journey 5, which is a binary graph, where 0 means unoccupied and 1 means occupied. We call it Freespace internally. The traditional Freespace is image segmentation and post-processing to calculate the drivable area under BEV. It is more natural to do it on BEV, and output such a binary image directly on BEV. Its true value depends on Lidar segmentation model+detection model+threshold of cloud card height of multi-frame aggregation point to obtain some obstacles on the ground. Lidarseg mainly obtains the basic surface first, and takes the road plane as the drivable area; Lidar3D detection is to supplement the true value of dynamic obstacles in the white list.

The other output is Vismask. It mainly describes the area that the vehicle can see in the image at the current moment, and also uses Lidarseg model and 3D detection model. Image segmentation combined with back projection of point cloud can get the points that can be seen under BEV, calculate the ray according to the semantics and camera parameters, and then calculate the surface paved by the points that can be seen in the image in the self-propelled coordinate system, and then flatten them in the height direction of point cloud to get the visible Grid points on BEV. Why do you need 3D detection? Because when the ray hits the point cloud, it is a surface. We want the whole object of the surface boundary to be visible, so we need a 3D detection frame to supplement the object of the boundary, thus obtaining the true values of these two tasks. Perception model is a relatively simple binary classification model. Vismask’s 0 means invisible and 1 means visible.

Because these two tasks are dense outputs, when actually doing this on the board, its bandwidth occupation is relatively large. Usually, we will use a Run Length Encoding (RLE) to compress the result. For example, Freespace, as shown in the following figure, has the same values in a connected region. Run-length coding is used to reduce the bandwidth of the perceptual results transmitted from BPU of Journey 5 to CPU, and a final output binary image can be obtained by doing a back analysis in CPU.

Here is a visual video, and the bar on the left is a response to the fence. This is a specially built evaluation set, including strollers, fallen cones and so on. Here, Freespace is mainly to supplement the perception of non-standard obstacles. In addition, it is also useful to feed back the representation of roadside by Freespace when the downstream closed loop is used.

04

Dynamic Perception Predicting End-to-End and Chip Deployment

Let’s introduce the end-to-end scheme of dynamic sensing prediction and chip deployment.

The end-to-end model, as shown in the previous frame, is followed BEV3D several layers of Transformer decoder to output dynamic end-to-end elements. The multi-scale features extracted by BEV in two stages are reused, and there is a detection head of BEV3D, which regresses to the heatmap and the offset to the precise position to get the possible target position.

For Transformer head, it depends on how the Q/K/V of its input comes from the first layer. There is a construction part of the input. First of all, "q" is divided into detection query and Track query. Detect the position embedding； of query, which is the position parsed from BEV3D head and obtained by MLP; Context embedding is learnable and can be initialized randomly.

For the position embedding of Track query, the position of the previous frame will be used, and the self-vehicle motion between frames will be aligned to the current frame to eliminate the self-vehicle motion. Then, the position of the current frame is estimated by combining the speed estimation result of the previous frame itself, and the position embedding of Track query is obtained by MLP. Its context embedding was also randomly initialized and learnable at the beginning, which resulted in "Q".

"K" and "V" For BEV, there is a fixed mapping relationship between the pixel coordinates on BEV and the coordinate positions under VCS. Therefore, according to the position of the reference point, its pixel coordinates on multiple dimensions of BEV can be calculated reversely. Query also sorts from 0 to N-1, and it has an index, so that the difference between the two coordinates can be calculated into the mapping relationship between them. Then the warping operator, that is, the grid_sample operator, is used to reversely index the BEV region features, and then "K" and "V" are generated through MLP, so that the end-to-end head input is constructed.

One of the differences in Transformer here is that it improves the quantization and efficiency on Journey 5, and removes the MatMul matrix multiplication operator. Here, the commonly used Deformable attention is replaced by warping.

The output layer of end-to-end head is actually several MLPs. Among them, the output of trajectory and speed will pass through Memory bank in order to obtain historical information. The point of the trajectory output here is also the displacement between frames, and the velocity describes the position change of unit time between frames in the future. We think that these changes are not abrupt, but smooth, so we use historical information.

The embedding of history is composed of two parts. The first part is the Oddity of N historical frames and the embedding of query output by Transformer decoder of N historical frames will be stored in Memory bank. Query of the current frame, and pay attention to the time sequence of the current frame and the historical frame for each target. After that, self-attention will also be done among the targets, and finally we define it as Temporal embedding. In addition, speed embedding is added. How did it come from? That is, the position of historical frame N is transferred to the current frame through the odometry of the vehicle motion, and the position of the historical frame under the current frame is obtained, so as to eliminate the vehicle motion and obtain the inter-frame offset. Combining with the frame rate of the system, a time difference can be derived, and the historical inter-frame speed can be estimated. Similarly, after passing an MLP, the embedding of the speed can be obtained. By making a simple concat, the final historical embedding can be obtained and input to the trajectory.

After the model is output, some of it will be analyzed in CPU. For Track query and Detect query, the model output itself will analyze the position, length, width, height, orientation angle, Score confidence and so on. The function of track management is to screen out the Track query of the next frame. Two thresholds are set here. A higher threshold is to filter out the tracked query with higher confidence from all the queries, that is, the tracked query, and identify the newly generated target in the current frame. For the newly generated target, a current maximum id value of +1 is given, and its disappearance time is initialized to 0. For setting a low threshold, I want to recall those targets that have been tracked before, but have low confidence in the current frame due to occlusion and other reasons. If it can be greater than this threshold, and the disappearance time is not greater than the set time, it will continue to be preserved. If the time of disappearance (disp_times) has been greater than the threshold of the number of frames that can be dropped, we will definitely drop this target in this frame.

For the analysis of velocity, the model itself can be directly output, and kinematics post-processing will be added after it comes out. The "z" here is the length, width, height and speed (attribute) of the previous output, which we call observation. The model will also learn from the gain matrix of Kalman, avoiding calculating "k" on CPU, and finally giving the filtered state quantity to the downstream. Compared with the unfiltered operation, this operation has a 19% improvement in speed accuracy. From the visual performance, the speed does appear smoother after this. When updating the embedding of Track query in the next frame, the historical embedding generated in Memory bank will be used. The details of QIM will not be expanded, so you can refer to the implementation of MOTR.

Take a closer look at the performance of the end-to-end model. End-to-end comparison is only detection, tracking and speed estimation through post-processing. The baseline detection compared here is already 3D detection on BEV. Compared with the original 2D detection, it has obvious advantages in ranging. Blue and green are the vertical error percentages of 2D detection in different distance segments, and red and purple are BEV3D. It can be seen that the end-to-end model is more advantageous than BEV3D on the basis of this better baseline.

First of all, take a look at ranging and speed measurement. From end to end, ranging and velocity measurement have obvious advantages on three kinds of dynamic obstacles. The lower the error here, the better, and here is the percentage of error reduction, especially the speed advantage is particularly obvious. Trajectory comparison is a cascade model, its input is the dynamic post-processing of 3D detection on BEV, and some vector information of lane line static post-processing after environmental reconstruction, which is a separate trajectory prediction model. The end-to-end input is the image, and the direct output is the trajectory. Compared with the two, end-to-end has obvious advantages in the position error of this point series.

Here is also a visual video. The box in the picture is the target, the yellow line represents the horizontal and vertical speed, and the pink line is the trajectory. It can be seen that the target coming from the right can appear stably when it passes in front, although it is blocked by the target here. For the speed advantage mentioned just now, especially for the target parked next to it, if it is a detection frame, once the jitter is beyond the range of post-processing energy cover, there will be a relatively large speed, which will trigger a trajectory and cause some brakes of the car. Like here, parked next to it is very stable, and the speed is basically consistent with reality.

05

Real vehicle deployment and closed-loop verification

The last part introduces several key problems related to the model when the real vehicle is closed-loop.

First of all, the model must be quantified and compiled before deployment. Professional quantitative processes and methods, we also arranged an open class to share later. I mainly look at this matter from the perspective of a user.

For the general model, such as CNN-based, we directly single-task float and directly train qat after training, which basically does not lose points. A freezebn will be added in the middle of multiple tasks, so that the counted bn can be applied to each task.

For complex models, a step calibration will be added. The key point here is calibration. Take our end-to-end model deployment as an example. As far as the single-task model is concerned, there are many drop points in the early end-to-end direct float training qat. After consulting my colleagues in the tool chain, I suggest that we do calibration. However, after calibration, it is found that although qat has been greatly improved, it still has a big gap with float. Colleagues in the tool chain suggest fixing the scale of weight or feature. Actually, it is more effective to fix the scale of the feature, but it does not completely solve the problem of qat output of the above tasks from end to end.

So what’s the problem? I also went to some pits. In fact, it is very simple to think about it now. We need to calculate the appropriate feature scale and select the appropriate data when doing calibration. For example, in the early stage, we used the data of urban scenes to estimate the feature scale of speed, and found that the qat index of the trained qat model in high-speed scenes was worse than that of the float. Later, through the tools of the tool chain, the model was analyzed layer by layer and it was found that the problems on the model could not be found. If there is nothing wrong with the model, it is a problem with the data. Finally, we use a high-speed data set. Because calibration itself has few training steps, it is necessary to select the quantity that can cover the perception and reach the upper and lower limits of the maximum and minimum values, so as to estimate a more suitable quantitative scale.

Despite this step, the problem of quantification has been greatly solved. However, the standard of tool chain is generally that the gap between qat and float cannot be greater than 1%. After these two steps, it still can’t reach this level. So what else went wrong? Later, it was also a groping, and it was found that many quantities of 3D perception on BEV were physically meaningful. The final conclusion is to fix the scale for some physical computing layers. Where does the fixed scale come from? For example, as mentioned earlier, the feature on the query index BEV has warping operation, and it has clear physical significance to calculate the two inputs of offset. When the model structure is determined, the maximum and minimum values of the meshgrid on BEV, as well as the maximum and minimum values of the query index, have been determined, so that the maximum and minimum values of the matrix can be calculated, and then the fixed scale can be calculated.

For example, taking odometry as the model input, the data of calibration may be collected at a medium speed, but the speed of the self-propelled vehicle may also change during the actual large-scale data training. Therefore, the maximum and minimum values can also be obtained for this physical quantity with clear rules. With a similar idea, check some numerical calculation layers with physical significance in the network and calculate the fixed scale. Through these operations, the qat problem of the end-to-end model is solved, and it is also a lot of experience. Let’s share it with you.

Quantization is compilation. Compilation means that the compiler directly converts the intermediate format hbir from qat, and finally gets the hbm format deployed on the real board. The specific details are also shared and introduced later. Here is mainly about the performance of BEV perception in actual deployment.

The large-scale BEV is the perception range of 100 forward, 30 backward and 50 left and right respectively, and the small-scale BEV is the perception range of 20 forward and 10 meters in the other three directions, so as to do the element perception on BEV. On the single core of Journey 5, such as a small parking area, the multi-task model of single core and single frame can reach more than 70fps; The wide range of driving can also reach more than 30fps. Even with end-to-end, the model directly output to trajectory prediction can reach more than 20fps, which is in the case of single core. There are two cores on Journey 5, and the frame rate can be further improved in model scheduling.

At the time of deployment, the generalization of the model is tested. Because the model of the customer’s car is different, the corresponding camera installation position and orientation may be different. Our BEV model, especially in the prototype development stage, has many customers who have been verified in the early stage, so a model can support the deployment of multiple models as much as possible, which requires a high generalization of the model. We have also explored a lot, and finally found that the four-plane spatial fusion method introduced earlier has laid a good foundation at the beginning. The example given here is that the training data are all collected by SUV, and the data of cars are used for evaluation. If it is a single plane, it has more than seven drop points compared with four planes.

On the basis of better generalization of the four planes, we will develop some enhancement strategies for training. There are two effective methods here: one is that the BEV model disturbs the image by the camera rpy in one stage, simulates the bumps in the process of vehicle driving, and enhances the image; In addition, it is assumed that the plane is in the place where the angle of view is converted, and then the plane enhancement is made on the plane where the camera leaves VCS, which is also assumed to be the disturbance of rpy.

With these two disturbance strategies, this performance (AP 72.60) can be achieved in the training and training of SUV models and measured in the car data set, which is similar to the performance of an adaptive car model that we have trained with nearly 1 million data collected in about 20 days. Therefore, these strategic feature ensure the generalization of our current BEV perception model in actual deployment.

After deployment, the speed of closed-loop iteration of the model is tested. Especially in the verification stage of the previous prototype scheme, the demo closed-loop verification of different real vehicle installation and deployment is supported through a total version. For the BEV training framework, any camera configuration can be supported. For example, 11v/9v/7v, 7v may replace the 4v panoramic view with 4v fisheye, or any other multiple perspectives, all of which can participate in the model training. When deploying, compile according to the corresponding camera configuration, and then you can do the corresponding test.

The other is the training speed of the model, especially after the time series fusion. Without optimization, if a single frame is trained for 5 days and 10 frames are linear, it will bring 10 times the training time, which is definitely unacceptable. We definitely need to do optimization, and some students who have developed the framework specially guide us to do optimization. At present, the training speed has increased by 56% after optimization.

Specifically, at present, the multi-task release, multi-task with more than a dozen task heads, and the end-to-end training of time sequence can be completed within one week. The later evaluation or the case CICD of some historical data are all automated, thus ensuring the efficiency of the training and distribution step.

Another important factor, especially in the early stage of real vehicle testing, will feed back some non-working case-bad case data. How to use these data in training? There are generally two kinds of optimization for Badcase: one is to mine from the collected data, which is more conventional; The other is to be able to use the returned Badcase data directly.

For things like 2D perception, the link we did in mass production before was relatively mature. For BEV perception, the difference is to see how the model of the brush library comes from or how the data sent to the target comes from. For dynamics, a pure visual large model is used, which is not limited by on-board op and computational power. We have a big model team, and the pure visual BEV big model specially developed has also been used in the dynamic Badcase processing link to generate a pseudo GT to participate in the training. Static, a purely visual mapping scheme, can also send the base map to the standard, and has been deployed to the static perception Badcase link on BEV. In fact, after the deployment of the model, many of them are infrastructure problems. At present, the infrastructure of horizon’s perception of BEV is basically mature.

That’s all I shared today, mainly to convey a few meanings. First of all, based on the fact that Journey 5 can do many things, we have also done many things on it. For the BEV sensing scheme, we can see that we have a better baseline for reference and iteration, so the conclusion is relatively solid.

In addition, if some online students are developing based on Journey 5, or are about to develop based on Journey 5, when you encounter quantitative problems, don’t give up too early. Besides considering the model structure, analyze the data from the perspective of physical meaning and give it a suitable scale.

Finally, I wish everyone a smooth development, and my sharing today is over. Thank you!

　　Xinhua News Agency, Taiyuan, August 18th (Reporter Fan Xinyang, Zhang Zhe) From early morning till late at night, the emergency department never "closes". Whether it is the first aid in the middle of the night or the ward round in the morning, every moment of persistence is awe and commitment to life.

　　August 19th is the Physician’s Day in China. The reporter recorded the 24-hour working status of the emergency department of Shanxi Bethune Hospital (Tongji Shanxi Hospital) in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province.

　　17 o’clock

　　5 pm is the time when many people are ready to get off work, but for the emergency department, the real busy period has just begun. At this time, outside the emergency room, patients have begun to line up in turn, and emergency doctors respond to every "critical and urgent" patient quickly and orderly, guarding every life in need with professionalism and dedication.

　　18 o’clock

　　At 8 am and 6 pm, it is the emergency shift time. Each round of emergency doctors need to be on duty for about 12 hours, and there are usually a new group of patients from 8 am to noon. The emergency department in the afternoon is a little quiet, and the emergency department enters a busy period at 6 pm.

　　19 o’clock

　　At 7 o’clock in the evening, the head nurse organized new nurses and intern nurses to study the theoretical knowledge of emergency and practice training in the conference room, and one of them was reporting her own topic.

　　20 o’clock

　　Entrusted by the emergency doctor, the nurse, together with the patient’s family, accompanied the patient to do brain CT. In the emergency department, all examinations, instruments and equipment are on-line all the time to protect patients’ lives and health at all times.

　　<扑克游戏> Blackjack <时间> 9 p.m./nine o’clock at night

　　Unlike other departments that sort out cases at fixed points, in emergency, doctors will sort out cases at any time and recycle them to the medical record department in time. Medical record recovery plays an important role in protecting patients’ privacy, improving medical quality and safety, and assisting medical research and education.

　　22 o’clock

　　At 10 o’clock in the evening, the nurse first established venous access for patients entering the emergency room.

　　23 o’clock

　　At 11 o’clock in the evening, an 88-year-old man suddenly suffered from renal failure in the emergency room. The emergency doctor performed femoral vein puncture for him and performed hemofiltration at the bedside.

　　0 o’clock

　　The emergency room ward in the middle of the night is different from the wards of other departments in the hospital. New patients may flood in at any time, and existing patients may also have new emergencies. In the early hours of the morning, compared with the tranquility of other wards, emergency doctors, nurses and patients’ families are still busy in the ward.

　　1 o’clock

　　At 1 o’clock in the morning, an old man in the emergency ward was diagnosed with intracranial infection, and the emergency doctor called the doctor on duty in the neurology department for consultation. According to the regulations, under normal circumstances, patients can’t stay in the emergency department for more than 24 hours, so emergency doctors need to find the most suitable treatment plan for patients within a limited time. Call doctors from all departments of the hospital at any time to assist in diagnosis and treatment, in order to facilitate the patient’s subsequent hospitalization.

　　2 o’clock

　　The early morning is a busy time in the emergency surgical rescue room. Patients injured in unexpected situations such as car accidents were sent to the emergency department. After transporting a patient injured in a car accident, the 120 ambulance team is cleaning up the blood stains on the ambulance.

　　3-4 o’clock

　　The emergency room in the middle of the night is rarely quiet. In the corner of the emergency hall, there are several stretchers on standby. "We definitely hope that there will be fewer patients, and it is best not to use these stretchers." An emergency doctor said.

　　5 o’clock

　　At dawn, the emergency department returned to some tranquility, and the emergency doctor on duty finally had time to lie in the rest room for a while, preparing for the morning shift and rounds.

　　6 o’clock

　　At 6 o’clock in the morning, the emergency doctor on the night shift finally had a chance to eat something to replenish his strength. The doctor on duty was sending breakfast pancakes to the lounge and informing other doctors and nurses in the WeChat group to take time to eat.

　　7 o’clock

　　At 7 o’clock in the morning, many people just got up to go out to work, and emergency doctors have been on standby for a long time, always ready to deal with emergencies. At this time, the instruments in the emergency ward are fully on standby, ready to provide services for new patients. The difference between the emergency department and other departments is that all kinds of rescue equipment are concentrated here, and you can find a transfer ventilator, Saab resuscitator, electrocardiogram machine and so on in one ward. Emergency doctors not only need to respond quickly, but also operate these devices skillfully, and strive to rescue patients effectively in the first time.

　　8 o’clock

　　At 8 o’clock in the morning, the emergency doctors on the night shift began to hand over to the doctors on the day shift, from the triage desk, nurses to doctors to introduce the existing patients in the ward in turn. Beginning with the handover, but not limited to the handover, the emergency director usually discusses the patient’s situation and the follow-up treatment at the handover meeting.

　　9 o’clock

　　After handing over the basic situation, two classes of doctors will come to the ward of the emergency room to further confirm and discuss the patient’s data and complete the final handover between day and night.

　　ten o’clock

　　The patients in the emergency observation room are a relatively minor group in the whole emergency ward. Compared with other emergency patients, they may be lucky enough to leave the emergency room after infusion.

　　11 o’clock

　　Near noon, several workers were in the emergency room, and their arms were injured while working on the construction site. Among the patients admitted to the surgical emergency department, people engaged in high-risk manual labor account for a relatively high proportion.

　　12 o ‘clock

　　Family members of patients bring hot porridge cooked at home for patients with mobility difficulties. Family care and love is the most simple and warm scene in the emergency room.

　　13 o’clock

　　At 1 o’clock in the afternoon, outside the emergency room, the patient’s family hurriedly pushed a patient. The patient was unconscious and lost consciousness. The nurse hurriedly pushed the patient into the emergency treatment room and quickly informed the emergency doctor.

　　14 o’clock

　　120 Emergency Center personnel go to the triage desk to connect the patient information and situation with the nurse after completing the patient transportation. Race against time and life, the shirts of 120 ambulance workers have been soaked with sweat.

　　15 o’clock

　　In the afternoon, the emergency department is a relatively relaxing time, and it is rare to be quiet in the emergency department. Families in twos and threes rest in the empty corridor.

　　16 o’clock

　　If there are no new patients in the emergency rescue room, nurses will use their spare time to practice the rescue practice skill-"simple respirator assisted breathing", which can assist patients with ventilation disorders to increase ventilation and improve ventilation function.

　　Through the moments recorded by the camera, we can see that whether it is waiting in the morning or racing against time in the evening, the emergency department doctors and nurses are always in the front line, striving for precious time for every life in need with selfless dedication and professional skills.

　　On the occasion of China Physician’s Day, I pay tribute to these medical workers who are guarding the front line of life.

　　[Capital Watch] Beijing, how to read the "True Classics"

　　Beijing, a historical and cultural city with a history of more than 3,000 years and a history of more than 860 years, was re-established as the national capital more than 60 years ago. After several attempts to locate itself, it finally clarified the strategic positioning of the city in the past five years.

　　More than three years ago, when General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, who was born and raised here, visited Beijing, he made a final decision: adhere to and strengthen the core functions of the national political center, cultural center, international exchange center and scientific and technological innovation center of the capital, thoroughly implement the strategy of humanistic Beijing, scientific and technological Beijing and green Beijing, and strive to build Beijing into a world-class harmonious and livable capital.

　　Continue to exert strength on the word "sparse", maintain a certain strength on the word "shed" and concentrate on the word "excellent".

　　From actively implementing the coordinated development strategy of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, to "embroidering" the old city, from formulating the new master plan of the capital to speeding up the construction of the sub-center of the city, in the past five years, Beijing, the capital that has further defined the strategic positioning of the city, has a blueprint drawn to the end: actively promoting the reorganization of urban functions, creating a brand-new urban spatial structure, promoting upgrading through relief and rectification, and vigorously promoting transformation, innovation and green development. The land of 16,000 square kilometers glows with a brand-new atmosphere: the land is greener, the traffic is more developed, the level of industrial structure is higher, and the people have a better sense of acquisition …

　　Stripping off "cabbage gang" and developing "cabbage heart";

　　Reducing development helps the Millennium ancient capital "take off lightly"

　　In Chaoyang District, Beijing, with the improvement of water bodies and the retreat of 1.45 million square meters of low-end industries along the coast, 710,000 square meters of majiawan Wetland Park has been built along the once black and smelly Xiao Taihou River. The park has become a good place for nearby residents to have fun.

　　"I’m really worth buying a house here!" Lao Zhang bought a house by the river 10 years ago, and now he plays in the wetland park with his grandson every day, smiling from ear to ear at the changes in the environment.

　　The changes of the Xiao Taihou River, like a mirror, reflect the great changes in Beijing in the past few years: Beijing, the capital, has solved many problems that it has long wanted to solve but failed to do, and has accomplished many major events that it wanted to do in the past.

　　Renovating the wall and digging holes, transforming the urban-rural junction, and dismantling the general manufacturing industry … Since 2017, Beijing has further grasped the "bull nose" of dismantling non-capital functions and vigorously carried out the special action of "dismantling rectification and promoting upgrading". Beijing, a thousand-year-old ancient capital, is undergoing a "reborn" change.

　　From January to August this year, Beijing demolished 38.34 million square meters of illegal construction, 2.9 times that of last year; Renovation of more than 25,000 "opening walls and drilling holes", completing 155.7% of the annual plan; Relieve 599 general manufacturing enterprises and complete 119.8% of the annual plan; 4,858 "scattered pollution" enterprises were rectified, and 83.3% of the annual plan was completed …

　　On December 1, 2016, workers demolished the illegal construction of a single-family courtyard in Wang Hongbin Street. Xinhua News Agency reporter Luo Xiaoguang photo

　　Behind a series of figures is the change of development thinking-"reducing development", which has entered the vision of the capital governor.

　　"Building a world-class harmonious and livable capital is a new historical mission of Beijing, a great city, for the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core has taken overall development, grasped the trend of the times, put forward new requirements and placed new expectations on the development of the capital." Cai Qi, secretary of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee, said that Beijing should pay more attention to reduction and intensification, strictly control the size of the city, "slim down and keep fit" and effectively solve the "big city disease".

　　"Beijing will strictly control the total scale of urban and rural construction land, and implement the increase and decrease linkage and decrease development." A distinctive feature of the Beijing Urban Master Plan (2016 -2030) (Draft for Review), which was studied and discussed at the 14th Plenary Session of the 11th Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, is that it highlights the development of reduction and determines the upper limit of the total population, the ecological control line and the urban development boundary.

　　Faced with the problems of overpopulation, traffic congestion, air pollution and other "big city diseases", Beijing has determined that the permanent population should be controlled within 23 million in 2020 in accordance with the requirements of setting the city by water and setting people by water. The scale of urban and rural construction land will be reduced to about 2,860 square kilometers in 2020 and 2,760 square kilometers in 2030 on the basis of the current 2,921 square kilometers.

　　Construction land, not increasing but decreasing! Li Sufang, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission, said that this marks a new stage in the development of the capital.

　　Since 2015, Beijing has set out to formulate the first list of new industrial prohibitions and restrictions aimed at controlling "big city diseases". According to the catalogue, the proportion of forbidden industries in the city’s national economic industry classification reached 55%, and the six districts of the city reached 79%. Since the implementation of the catalogue, Beijing has refused to handle a total of 17,000 industrial and commercial registration businesses.

　　From "gathering resources for growth" to "relaxing functions for development", Beijing is realizing an unprecedented transformation. The coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei has become a national strategy for more than three years. Many fields in Beijing have undergone profound changes: more than 370 wholesale markets and logistics bases such as "moving approval", Dahongmen and Tianyi have been adjusted and eliminated, and more than 1,300 general manufacturing enterprises have been eliminated; Beijing city university, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture and other universities have sent 16,000 students to the new campus outside the Fifth Ring Road …

　　"The reduction of development is actually for better development." Wang Kai, vice president of China Urban Planning and Design Institute, said that the reduction of the capital has released a new signal of China’s urban development: paying more attention to quality, being more livable and making people’s lives better.

　　On September 16th, Tianyi Market, the largest wholesale and retail market of small commodities in Beijing, closed its business (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Chenlin).

　　The change of industrial structure is the most convincing.

　　The data shows that in Beijing, the number of newly established market entities in the strictly regulated manufacturing, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, wholesale and retail industries decreased by 72.75%, 26.42% and 18.36% respectively in 2016, while the financial industry, culture, sports, entertainment and science and technology services that were not included in the ban increased by 12.77%, 26.76% and 22.53% respectively.

　　"This" three rises and three falls "shows that by doing subtraction, Beijing is stripping off the" cabbage gang ",focusing on the development of" cabbage heart ",speeding up the construction of a" sophisticated "economic structure, and exploring a new way of reducing development, slimming and strengthening the body, improving quality and increasing efficiency." Liu Bozheng, deputy director of the Beijing Leading Group Office for Promoting the Coordinated Development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, said.

　　From "unicorns" to "sophisticated"

　　Economic structure: the image of "the capital of innovation and entrepreneurship" stands out.

　　South of the East Gate of Tsinghua University, a street only 380 meters long is becoming a new bright spot in China’s intelligent manufacturing industry-this is Zhongguancun Zhizao Street.

　　Only over a year after the opening of the street, 88 enterprises have gathered around the key links of the intelligent manufacturing industry chain on the land of 32,000 square meters, with an occupancy rate of over 95%. There are 368 enterprises and projects in total, and the average income per meter of the street is 260 million yuan. An intelligent manufacturing industry highland with international innovation has gradually taken shape.

　　"Intellectual creation" is the commanding height of future manufacturing competition.

　　Beijing, which further defines the strategic positioning of the city, is accelerating the transformation from "Made in Beijing" to "Created in Beijing", and the industrial structure is accelerating towards "sophisticated".

　　Smart logistics represented by distribution robots, the world’s largest recombinant protein bank, and the world’s first deafness gene detection chip for clinical diagnosis … On September 16th, the "National Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation Week" was opened, and 106 enterprises from 20 technological innovation centers in Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone made wonderful appearances at the Yizhuang venue in Beijing, with a concentrated display of more than 260 key technologies and innovative products, which was dazzling and dazzling.

　　In the past five years, Beijing has thoroughly implemented the innovation-driven development strategy, accelerated the formation of competitive advantages and growth momentum with international influence, and further played the role of demonstration and radiation. Zhongguancun Science City, Huairou Science City, Future Science City and Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone "three cities and one district" have become the main focus of innovation and development in the capital Beijing.

　　As the first of the "three cities", Zhongguancun Science City, whose scope has now been expanded to the whole area of Haidian, has been at the forefront of scientific and technological innovation in China, gathering a large number of innovative elements, forming the most complete and complete strategic emerging industrial cluster in China, and has a forward-looking layout in cutting-edge technical fields such as industrial control, artificial intelligence and big data, next-generation Internet and integrated circuits.

　　On September 15th, the theme exhibition of Beijing venue of 2017 National Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation Week kicked off in Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone Exhibition Center.

　　In order to build a "sophisticated" economic structure, Beijing formulated and issued the "Made in China 2025" Beijing Action Plan in 2015, proposing to fully implement the "3458" action plan in the next five to ten years, focusing on cultivating new industrial ecology and implementing eight major industrial projects, including integrated circuits, intelligent manufacturing systems and services, new generation health diagnosis and treatment services, cloud computing and big data.

　　Here, a series of "Beijing creations" were born-

　　Developed China’s first embedded neural network processor "Starlight Intelligent No.1" and realized mass production; Realize the computational modeling and simulation of tens of millions of neural networks; Beidou navigation technology level leads the country; BOE released the world’s thinnest 64-inch 8K ultra HD display and 82-inch 10K curved display products …

　　In the first half of 2017, the added value of high-tech manufacturing and strategic emerging industries in Beijing increased by 18.2% and 12.7% respectively. Since the second half of last year, Beijing has established five national and municipal industrial innovation centers. It has become a reality in Beijing that high-end industries lead growth.

　　This is an "innovative Beijing" that can embrace the future-

　　Cloud computing and big data industry represent the development trend of high-tech industry. Beijing has adopted the "fund+base" model, and successively laid out China Cloud Industrial Park, Zhongguancun Cloud Computing Industrial Base and other professional parks, bringing together nearly 100 cloud-related enterprises represented by well-known enterprises such as Baidu, Jinshan and JD.COM, and Zhongguancun has also brought together about 60% of big data enterprises.

　　The third tide of artificial intelligence is now sweeping the world. By the end of 2016, there were more than 240 artificial intelligence enterprises in Beijing, with a total of 7,841 patent applications. According to incomplete statistics, Zhongguancun artificial intelligence enterprises realized a total income of 412.25 billion yuan.

　　This is a vibrant capital of innovation and entrepreneurship-

　　On September 15th, the theme exhibition of Beijing venue of 2017 National Mass Entrepreneurship Innovation Week kicked off in Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone Exhibition Center (photo by Zhang Chenlin).

　　Since the opening of the street in June 2014, Zhongguancun Venture Street and its resident institutions have accumulated 1,900 incubation teams, including 222 returnees and foreign teams; 743 loans were obtained, with a financing success rate of 39%, with a total financing amount of 9.104 billion yuan and an average financing amount of 12.25 million yuan. Among them, there are more than 40 enterprises with financing exceeding 100 million yuan and 2 unicorn enterprises.

　　Beijing has a good ecological environment for innovation and entrepreneurship. According to the 2016 China Unicorn Enterprise Development Report, there are 131 unicorn enterprises in China, including 65 in Beijing, accounting for half of the national total.

　　Xiaomi, Didi Chuxing, and contempt for science and technology … Zhongguancun has become a breeding ground for original industries second only to Silicon Valley. The field of entrepreneurial innovation has gradually expanded from the past Internet and creative design to professional frontiers such as artificial intelligence and subversive new materials, and the hard power of science and technology has been significantly enhanced.

　　This is a magnet-like place-

　　Intel, Microsoft, Apple … More and more overseas technology giants set up R&D institutions or laboratories in Beijing, which has become a new phenomenon in the innovation and entrepreneurship ecology of Zhongguancun, Beijing.

　　Wang Delu, director of Beijing Great Wall Enterprise Strategy Research Institute, believes that the greatest value of Zhongguancun lies in its creativity, breaking through the "from 0 to 1" innovation, incubating and extending, and gradually radiating to the whole country.

　　From "Old City" to "Old City": Polishing "Gold Business Card",

　　Beijing is marching towards a world famous cultural city.

　　Beijing is the city with the most cultural heritage in the world.

　　"History and culture are the soul of the city. We should protect the historical and cultural heritage of the city as we cherish our own life. Beijing is a world-famous ancient capital, and its rich historical and cultural heritage is a golden business card. It is the responsibility of the capital to inherit and protect this precious historical and cultural heritage. " In February, 2014, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a speech to hit the floor when he visited Beijing.

　　Beijing, which further defines the strategic positioning of the city, carefully re-examines its history and culture.

　　In June 2016, Beijing issued the opinion of comprehensively deepening reform and improving the management level of urban planning and construction, and put forward the concept of "comprehensive protection": building a comprehensive protection pattern and improving the comprehensive protection mechanism.

　　"Comprehensive protection is to protect all the historical and cultural elements of Beijing’s ancient capital in different levels, types, times and regions, and to create a great capital with a sense of history and modernity." Wang Fei, deputy director of Beijing Municipal Planning and Land Commission, said.

　　From protecting the central axis of Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties, to highlighting the unique urban pattern composed of four battlements: Miyagi, Imperial City, Inner City and Outer City, and then to restoring the unique traditional architectural form of "Hutong-Siheyuan" in Beijing, Beijing plans to strengthen the overall protection of the old city from 10 aspects.

　　Cultural relics such as the Great Hall of the Xuanzang and the Shouhuang Temple in Jingshan have been repaired, and national key cultural relics protection units such as the Imperial Temple and the Confucius Temple have been opened to the public. Sites such as the South Central Axis Road and the Ming City Wall have basically recovered their historical features and built heritage parks … In recent years, Beijing has actively explored ways to protect and upgrade the core areas that can be popularized and replicated.

　　"More points and one city, reorganization of the old city" and "Promoting the implementation of the old city reorganization" … From the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development planning outline deliberated and studied at the 9th meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Leading Group two years ago to the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Beijing and the Plan for Strengthening the Construction of the National Cultural Center in the 13th Five-Year Plan of Beijing in 2016, the concept of "old city" has gradually entered the vision of the central and capital policy makers.

　　"Literally,’ old’ is more historical than’ old’. Saying’ old city’ is a respect for the historical accumulation of the city and a recognition and embodiment of value. " Wang Kai said.

　　The old city, can’t tear down!

　　Once upon a time, with the development of the city and the population gathering, the hutongs and former residences in the old city of Beijing decreased little by little with the rumble of bulldozers.

　　Feng Wenkui, 56, moved back to No.15 Peizhi Hutong, Dashilan Street, Beijing from the building in Shijingshan District a few years ago to take care of her old mother who is over 80 years old (photo taken on December 25, 2016).

　　"At the beginning of this century, we heard that this piece was going to be demolished." Fan Liandi, 71, of No.8 Courtyard of Dazhiqiao Hutong in Xicheng District, Beijing, feels that this hutong outside Xuanwu Gate has been listed as a historical protection area in the northwest of Xuanxuan. Not only will it not be demolished, but it will also be upgraded and restored through the renovation of back streets and alleys.

　　In the Hutong Lane of Dazhiqiao, the No.12 Courtyard not far from No.8 Courtyard is the Yangjiao Mountain Temple, the famous place where "writing on the bus" took place in modern history.

　　"There used to be more than 100 households here, and only 16 households did not vacate. It is planned to vacate all this year." Huang Kongyan, director of the Propaganda Department of the Party Committee of Guang ‘anmen Neijie Street, said, "There were many clubs and former residences in the south of the city. In the next few years, the historical features will be gradually restored here. "

　　The change of Dazhiqiao Hutong is just a microcosm.

　　—— In order to realize the revival of historical and cultural blocks, in 2015, Beijing started the renovation of four hutongs in Nanluoguxiang, namely, Fuxiang, Suoyi, Yuer and Maoer, and implemented a voluntary application system for residents to vacate.

　　-Dashilan’s "Beijing Square" building cluster completed at the beginning of this year is particularly eye-catching. One main street, three squares and many hutongs … integrating the protection of cultural relics and the development of new formats, "Beijing Square" has become a "Chinese-style life experience area" centered on eight cluster buildings along the street, including Centennial Quanyechang, Qianxiangyi and the former site of Bank of Communications.

　　In April, the capital issued an action plan, and put forward a three-year governance plan of "creating nothing in ten" for 2,435 back streets and alleys in the east and west cities of the core area, such as selfless construction, no opening walls and holes, no overhead lines, and the creation of civilized blocks.

　　With the rapid progress of governance, streets and hutongs have changed their appearance: at Qianmen, after the reconstruction of Sanlihe River, which originated in the Ming Dynasty, the water surrounds the courtyard, which is better than Jiangnan; In Guijie, the streets with numerous potential safety hazards and dirty sanitation have been comprehensively rectified …

　　Not long ago, the underground reconstruction project of power overhead lines in Beijing’s core area started. By the end of this year, there will be more than 800 back streets and alleys in the core area of the capital to bid farewell to the "spider web" in the air.

　　"The sky we look up to will no longer be broken." Sun Xinjun, director of the Beijing Urban Management Committee, said, "The future of Beijing will fully reflect the style of the capital, the charm of the ancient capital and the style of the times."

　　In addition to the old city, Beijing has also put forward the work goal of building three cultural belts: the Great Wall, the Western Hills and the Grand Canal during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. Shu Xiaofeng, director of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics, said that the planning of the three cultural belts is in full swing. After implementation, it will help to open up the historical context of the ancient capital Beijing and lay the foundation for building a basic pattern of comprehensive protection of the ancient capital of Beijing.

　　Aiming at being a world famous cultural city and a symbol of the world context, Beijing not only has the "golden business card" of history and culture, but also the cultural and creative industries are becoming the new bright color of the ancient capital Beijing.

　　From design services to digital content, from network audio-visual to special effects production … In the first half of 2017, the corporate income of cultural and creative industries above designated size in Beijing reached 690.27 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 36.42%, and the role of cultural and creative industries in promoting the economic growth of the capital was continuously strengthened.

　　"Looking back on the work in the past five years, we deeply feel that encouraging and profound changes have taken place in Beijing. The quality of development has improved, the ecological environment has improved, the urban and rural areas have become brighter, the service guarantee has been enriched, the people’s sense of gain has increased, and the leading role of party building has been strengthened, and the road ahead has become wider and wider." On June 19th, Cai Qi concluded at the 12th Party Congress in Beijing.

　　"Great progress has been made in building a world-class harmonious and livable capital, taking the lead in building a well-off society in an all-round way, successfully hosting a wonderful, extraordinary and outstanding Olympic Games, initially forming a new situation of coordinated development and mutual benefit between Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and further improving the quality of urban development, living environment, people’s quality of life and urban competitiveness." At this meeting, the blueprint of the capital for the next five years has been drawn.

　　Five years of gathering, a new chapter in the ancient capital spectrum. Beijing, the avenue is in sight and the light is ahead. (Half-monthly talk with reporter Li Bin, Kong Xiangxin Yang Na)

documentary

Quest for Guiyang

Premiere time: March 25th.

Broadcasting platforms: Tencent Video and Guizhou Satellite TV.

Producer: Propaganda Department of Guiyang Municipal Committee of CPC, Daolai Media.

The third work of Daolai Media’s "Xunwei" series. "Exploring Guiyang" takes authentic food as a thread, revolves around the three dimensions of "mountain", "water" and "city", and presents the relationship between food and humanity, history and style with a beautiful and pyrotechnic lens. Since the launch of the program, it has caused widespread discussion. Tencent’s video heat value is 6178, and Douban score is 8.3.

Next meal Jianghu 2

Premiere time: July 28th.

Broadcast platform: iQiyi

Producers: iQiyi, Luming Literature Film, Qujiang Film, Meilin Culture, Fantasy Country.

The series "Going to the Jianghu" is the key IP of the iQiyi food documentary track, and iQiyi’s "Qingchuang Documentary" plan was selected as the first project. The film links "Jianghu" with food and diners, taking the city as the container and vivid characters as the carrier, showing the food culture with regional characteristics. This season, we will continue our previous "Jianghu" temperament and continue to look for the most authentic food with fireworks in eight cities.

Hunan cuisine with proud peppers 2

Premiere time: September 19th.

Broadcasting platforms: Hunan Satellite TV and Mango TV.

Producer: Hunan Satellite TV, Time Huaying

Taking Hunan as the origin, from taste to Taoism, food reflects Hunan’s food culture and customs. According to the 2021 Annual Audience Analysis Report of the State Administration of Radio and Television, Hunan Cuisine of Aojiao ranked second in the first quarter in the annual audience rating of prime-time documentaries. In the second season, we will continue to focus on the tradition of Huxiang cuisine, which is based on time and place, and show the wisdom of chefs in the countryside between cities and the thousands of years of dietary customs in Huxiang.

Jianghu restaurant 3

First broadcast time: November 2.

Broadcast platform: Youku

Producer: Youku

Documentary series of high-reputation food. As its name suggests, the program is full of Jianghu atmosphere and towniness, and tells a generation of "Jianghu chefs" or ordinary or legendary life stories in the streets with young and interesting language. This season continues the exploration of authentic Jianghu cuisine in the first two seasons, focusing on the presentation of "spicy taste". By excavating spicy food hidden in the streets, the unique charm of six spicy food cities is displayed.

Breakfast China 4

Premiere time: November 7th.

Broadcasting platforms: Tencent Video, Southeast Satellite TV and Strait Satellite TV.

Producers: Tencent Video, Southeast Satellite TV and Strait Satellite TV.

Breakfast China has aired 100 episodes since 2019. The scores of douban in the first three seasons were 8.0, 8.7 and 8.8. This season continues the three characteristics of "fireworks", "fun" and "healing" in the first three seasons, and continues to take root in the streets and lanes of the city, looking for the simple people who like local food and make food, and recording the work and life of the people with the lens, as well as the smiles that bloom because of tasting delicious food.

Flavor World 4 Grain Planet

First broadcast time: November 24th.

Broadcast platform: Tencent video

Producer: Daolai Media, Penguin Film and Television.

The well-known food documentary IP "Flavor World" has gained a good reputation in the first three seasons, with douban scores of 9.0, 9.0 and 8.4. The fourth season focuses on cereals, excavating and displaying the map of world food, and reflecting the unique side of the world’s food wisdom and Chinese’s personality from the food.

variety; shows

"punch in! Chihuo Tuan 2

Theme: outdoor food fun experience reality show

Premiere time: July 30th.

Broadcasting platforms: Dragon TV, Mango TV and Mi Gu Video.

Producers: Dragon TV, Happy Media and Chengdu Wenlv.

Starting from food, we can appreciate the eating habits and customs of different cities during our travel. Food combines guest interpretation and game interaction to show the profoundness of Chinese traditional culture. The form of "browsing and eating"+companion attribute makes the program show a natural intimacy, and the douban score is 8.2.

"Eating" for 18,000 Li "

Subject: Real-life reasoning, food exploration reality show

Premiere time: August 5.

Broadcasting platforms: Zhejiang Satellite TV, iQiyi, BesTV and China Blue TV.

Producer: Zhejiang Satellite TV, Fun New Media.

Through the way of star punching experience, on-the-spot story visit and real-life reasoning exploration, the contemporary rural development picture is vividly displayed, so that the audience can feel the positive style of people pursuing a better life while enjoying the delicious food and beautiful scenery. The program Douban scored 8.4.

How about going to your house for dinner 2

Subject: Documentary program of hometown humanistic plot

Premiere time: August 25th.

Broadcast platform: bilibili

Producer: Li Li Li

The program focuses on "Family Banquet, Family and Hometown Stories", and guests invite friends to start a "home-cooked food trip" with the theme of "going home for dinner", recording the friendship of young people, recalling unforgettable growth experiences and telling different forms of family stories. In the second season, apart from bilibili UP, there are also representatives from all walks of life, such as actor King-Tan Yuen, young director Liu Xunzi Mo, policeman Art and Yunnan forest fireman.

Warm hot pot

Subject: Hot pot food emotional reality show

First broadcast time: October 9.

Broadcasting platforms: Beijing Satellite TV and Mi Gu Video.

Producer: Beijing Radio and Television Station

Warm Hot Pot takes hot pot as the carrier to convey the emotional link between people and between people and cities. The program invited Zhang Guoli, Victor Ma and others to form a "Warm Hot Pot Group" to look for people with stories in the city and "save a seat" for them to witness the gathering moment of the clients and convey the true feelings in the world.

A Millennium

Subject: Food Culture Exploration Program

First broadcast time: October 28th.

Broadcast platform: CCTV-3 variety channel

Producer: Art Program Center of Central Radio and Television General Station

Created by the "National Treasure" team, with the framework of "drama+history+food", it deeply excavates various historical delicacies. From the exploration and tasting of dishes and the creation and deduction of a drama, we can feel the profound historical accumulation behind food and appreciate the profoundness of Chinese food culture.

Who is the top chef

Theme: culinary competitive variety.

Premiere time: November 4th.

Broadcast platform: Zhejiang Satellite TV

Producer: Zhejiang Satellite TV and Zhongcheng.

By exploring hometown cuisine, regional cuisine and local ingredients, the hometown shows the differences of characters, and comprehensively examines the players’ abilities of innovation, application, learning and perception in a "multi-dimensional, short-term and strict standard" manner, and restores the signature dishes of the industry benchmark. The 48 contestants have diverse identities, including restaurant managers, star-rated hotel chefs, food bloggers, and even "slash youth" from music, advertising, e-sports and other fields.

serials

On the tip of the tongueHeartbeat

Theme: Youth City

Premiere time: January 13th.

Broadcasting platforms: Zhejiang Satellite TV, Tencent Video, iQiyi, Youku.

Producer: Haohan Entertainment

The story revolves around Jiang Qianfan, a legendary chef in the food industry, and Lin Kesong, a positive energy girl with amazing taste, and tells the challenging road of the two aiming at winning the cooking competition. When the play was broadcast in China, it was launched overseas simultaneously. On the first broadcast day, "Heartbeat on the Tip of the Tongue" was rated 9 points on Mydramalist, an Asian drama rating website.

Shangshi

Theme: costume inspirational food drama

Premiere time: February 22nd.

Broadcast platform: Mango TV

Producers: Mango TV, Entertainment Film and Television, Zhihe Film and Television.

"Story of Yanxi Palace" and "My temples are not red with begonia" were created by the original crew. After three days of broadcasting, the broadcast volume of Skynet broke 200 million. After the drama, the Palace Food Bureau is the background, which shows the pursuit of Chinese food skills by Yao Ziling and others, traces back to the feast fashion and conveys the characteristic flavor. Behind the food, see the history and culture, and see the traditional etiquette.

Treasures and delicacies

Theme: costume food drama

Premiere time: April 7th.

Broadcast platform: bilibili

Producer: Entertainment Film and Television, Bili Bili

"Delicious Story" tells the story of chef Ling Xiaoxiao’s determination to be the best chef in the world since childhood. When she grows up, she enters the palace, meets Prince Zhu Shoukui, and gains love and growth. The drama integrates costume, food and light comedy, and opens the mode of "Dinner Drama". Bilibili has over 200 million broadcasts and 802,000 barrage. Disney+ has purchased the overseas copyright of the play.

short video

Spicy dezi

Fans: 38.562 million in Tik Tok and 9.49 million in Aauto Quicker.

Positioning: Food production based on Northeast home cooking.

The video style is simple and realistic, and the food course is simple and practical, which can be reproduced at home. Spicy Dezi has won the titles of "2019 Shake Incentity Popular Talent" and Youku "Public Ambassador for Helping the Poor and Helping Agriculture".

Mutton cuisine

Fans: 10.151 million in bilibili and 6.827 million in Tik Tok.

Positioning: food production and sharing

The "New Wall Knots Sheep" in the gourmet area is a rhyming maniac in the culinary world. "With the most rigorous real materials and the most flavorful rhyme", the copywriting skills are profound, which also gains a large number of fans. In 2019, 2020 and 2021, it was selected as "Top 100 UP Owners of the Year" in bilibili.

Yanjie gourmet (Chengma)

Fans: 10.769 million (Aauto Quicker) and 8.143 million (Tik Tok)

Positioning: home-cooked food production

Dressed in household clothes, the cooking process of household food is restored with household kitchen utensils, and the engraving is high. The video content is full of human fireworks.

Special planning | Layout expansion type Multi-food film and television content is advanced again

Layout expansion type, diversified food, film and television content, and then advanced

Domestic food film and television content "fragrance" overseas

The development path is very different. A brief analysis of foreign food film and television content

Domestic food film and television content worthy of attention in 2022

Overseas food and television content worthy of attention in 2022

Photo: Douban, program official micro

Please send the submission to the email address:

zongyiweekly@163.com

　Please see the micro store for purchase.

Special feature of 1905 film network "Today is a day of celebration! "Feng Shen" has finally reached 2.5 billion! "September 2, withThe first part of feng ShenBox office exceeded 2.5 billion, actorsThis sandFulfilling the promise has brought fans a long-awaited "meatball head" tutorial.

At the same time, Yu Shi, Hou Wenyuan, Yang Le, Huang Xiyan, Shan Jingyao, Pengyi Han and other leading actors are not to be outdone, and they have brought "unique skills" such as dancing, showing muscles, playing Tai Chi, chasing pigs and washing their hair upside down. The Eight Immortals crossed the sea and showed their magical powers.

When the movie box office achieved good results, it was a routine operation for the founders to give back benefits to fans.However, unlike the previous materials and photos, the first part of "Feng Shen""Put all your eggs in one basket", "Learn from Dad" and "Disappearing She"Wait for a fewsummermovie seasonThe film has reached a new height in the "fancy whole life", which can be said that there is no maximum volume, only more volume.

The first part of feng Shen

The first part of Feng Shen let the audience know a group of new actors with both value and strength in one breath.In order to repay the support of the "tap water", the founders launched the welfare without ambiguity and kept their word.

Huang Xiyan, Naernasi, Shan Jingyao and others all chose to make sports videos at the time of 2.5 billion yuan, from swimming, iron throwing and boxing to Tai Ji Chuan, which fully demonstrated the fruitful results of Fengshen Training Camp.

As a "roadshow victim", Yang Le, who plays Boyikao, also made good on his promise at the time of 2.5 billion, and released photos of abdominal muscles. Eight abdominal muscles are clearly visible, and the image of "Hamburg" is also displayed on the face P, and the terrier is played by himself.

Chen Muchi, Li Yunrui and Hou Wenyuan are more open-minded. When it broke 2 billion yuan, Chen Muchi and Li Yunrui brought God of Wealth shorts dance and down jacket women’s group dance respectively, and the picture was very magical.Even Chen Muchi himself commented: "Three days off the net" and "a person’s life will soon pass".

Hou Wenyuan chose to reproduce the "black history" &mdash; &mdash; The dance of "Subject 1" will carry out the "collapse of human setup" to the end.

If the above is just a routine operation, then the next few can be said to have taken out the housekeeping skills. Xia YuAt the time of 2 billion, an antique trick was displayed, and two small fish were conjured out of thin air, which was very suitable for Shen Gongbao people.

Yu Shi brought a difficult "dragon sucking water" and a brain-opening "chasing pigs" at 2 billion and 2.5 billion respectively.

To say that the most difficult factor is Lei Zhenzi Pengyi Han’s one-handed handstand shampoo, which shows the super arm strength that ordinary people can’t reach.

Wu Ershan, the director, is the most realistic. First, he released a "proton group" muscle photo, and then officially announced that he would launch a variety show of proton training camp, which is expected to meet the audience as a "welfare" at the box office of 2.6 billion yuan.

Put all your eggs in one basket

The first part of "Feng Shen" is in full swing, and another summer explosion "Put all your eggs in one basket" is also not to be outdone. It is full of fancy, singing and dancing, and it is full of network feeling.

Starring LAY turned into Aladdin’s magic lamp, and gave his fans everything they wanted, from "Little Bear Dance" and "Dinosaurs Against Wolves" to singing the theme song "Thousands of Money Are Gone" with fans, which was a perfect score.

Gina also danced the bear dance regardless of the image. The netizen commented: "I can see that today is a big joy, not Anna."

Zhou Ye and Wang Dalu brought a song "Listen to Mom" (gambling-forbidden version) to the audience and also to Atian in the play.

Sun Yang, who has played a lot of fans, finally brought a Cantonese song at the box office of 3 billion yuan, and made an appointment with fans to "advance to 4 billion yuan"!

Learn from dad

Breaking 500 million yuan of "Learning Dad" can be called the "little dark horse" of the summer file, and the celebration methods of several starring roles are also quite grounded. Bo HuangKeep your promise and jump up the upgrade.Dragon fist, join the snake dance, bobby jump and other fat burning actions, very hard.

Wan Qian brought a piano version of "Up in the Cloud", with guitar and kazudi singing in concert with literature and art, full of fairy tales.

NI YAN, who plays the owner of the group of chickens and dolls, "chicken" herself outside the play, bringing "Liu Zhenzhen’s piano debut". User comments: I don’t have enough skills, and I sincerely come together, as if I saw myself practicing the piano.

Lost in the Stars

No more sincere than the involution is "She Disappeared". Although there are not many special benefits, it is also full of sincerity. NiNiWhen I broke 3 billion, I took 30 selfies in one breath, and compared the gestures of 1 to 30 with my hands, which is called sunbathing the ceiling.

Zhu Yilong carefully prepared the piano version of "Cage", thanking the fans and audience for their support all the way. The Weibo broadcast volume of a single video has exceeded 22 million.

The last summer movie set a new record with a box office of 20.6 billion yuan, which is inseparable from the strong support of China audience.

The fancy animation of the film’s main creators not only shows their other side, but also responds to the voice of netizens, which often plays a good marketing and communication effect in the short video era.

But in the final analysis, these are the icing on the cake after all. Only by taking good pictures and becoming explosions can we have the opportunity to do business in a variety of ways.

Who impressed you the most about the above films? What kind of heavy benefits do you want to see next?

　　The new mode of self-service scanning code checkout has now become the "standard" of many supermarkets, and it is also the first choice for many citizens to check out after shopping in supermarkets. However, there have also been cases in which a few people steal supermarket goods for the sake of being cheap, without scanning the commodity code. A related person from the Beijing Municipal People’s Procuratorate said that since 2019, the cases of "supermarket theft" in Beijing using supermarket self-checkout procedures have shown an increasing trend. Procuratorial organs have issued procuratorial suggestions for comprehensive management from the perspective of improving the loss prevention mechanism of self-checkout supermarkets. At the same time, it also provides 32 specific suggestions and measures to standardize the loss prevention work of self-checkout supermarkets.

　　"Supermarket Thief" Stares at Small Snacks

　　Nowadays, many supermarkets have introduced self-checkout machines, where customers scan their own goods and then self-checkout by scanning the code. This way saves customers’ waiting time and has won the support of many consumers. At the same time, this convenient means has also been targeted by a few people who are greedy for petty gains and used to commit theft.

　　The reporter of Beijing Youth Daily combed the relevant legal documents related to "supermarket theft" published by the refereeing document network and China Procuratorate network, and found that the perpetrators in many cases of "supermarket theft" had committed many thefts.

　　A judgment issued by the Chaoyang District People’s Court in Beijing in 2021 shows that a post-90s woman used the supermarket self-checkout equipment from May to September 2020 to steal the box lunch, cakes and other goods sold in the supermarket for more than 30 times, with a total value of more than RMB 1,800.

　　Another verdict issued by the Shijingshan District People’s Court shows that a post-80s man stole goods from a supermarket in Shijingshan District 14 times from September to October 2020 by taking out some goods without checking out at the time of self-checkout.

　　Among the relevant legal documents collected by the reporter of Beiqing Daily, the goods stolen by the perpetrators are mainly food and drinks, and most of the time the amount of stolen goods is not high.

　　In the relevant legal documents, the thieves are both young people after 90 and elderly people over 60. Many of the perpetrators have a university education. One woman who works in a university in Beijing has a doctoral degree, but in March 2020, in a store in Haidian District, Beijing, she repeatedly stole yogurt, beef tendon and other commodities by paying without scanning the code.

　　Many "supermarket thieves" have been sentenced.

　　According to the Beijing Municipal People’s Procuratorate, in response to the phenomenon of "supermarket theft", the Beijing Municipal Procuratorate organized a special class to establish a database for "supermarket theft" cases in 16 districts and counties of the city. Through a comprehensive analysis of the basic situation of the subjects involved, the details of the crime and various sentencing circumstances, the criteria for conviction and the application of compulsory measures were formulated, and the standards for handling cases were unified. At the same time, the procuratorial organs also carried out investigation and research on the traceability of similar cases in combination with the follow-up disposal of administrative punishment and the transfer of illegal and criminal clues, and put forward suggestions for governance.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily noticed that many criminal suspects who committed "supermarket theft" have been sentenced by the court. The above-mentioned criminal suspect Li Moumou, who was taken out of a supermarket in Shijingshan District for 14 times without checking out some goods, stole the price of goods totaling RMB 7716.5 through value evaluation. The court ruled that Li was guilty of theft, sentenced to one year’s imprisonment, fined 10,000 yuan, and ordered Li to pay back more than 7,000 yuan from the murdered supermarket.

　　Another woman, Liu Moumou, who used self-checkout equipment in a store in Jiuxianqiao, Beijing, has stolen lunch boxes, cakes and other goods in the supermarket for more than 30 times. The court found that the total value of her stolen goods was more than 1,800 yuan. The court finally convicted Liu of theft, sentenced him to five months’ detention, suspended for five months and fined him 3,000 yuan.

　　The prosecution issued a comprehensive management procuratorial proposal.

　　The members of the investigation team of the procuratorate against "supermarket theft" said that the subjective factors of the criminal suspect’s "supermarket theft" include weak legal awareness, luck or revenge. In addition, the weak anti-theft system of supermarket self-checkout and the arbitrariness of self-reconciliation are also important factors leading to the high incidence of "supermarket theft" cases and their derivative crimes.

　　Therefore, on August 25th, the Beijing Municipal People’s Procuratorate issued a comprehensive management procuratorial proposal to the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Commerce from the perspectives of improving the self-checkout supermarket loss prevention mechanism, improving the enthusiasm of supermarket enterprises to enhance their loss prevention ability by using scientific and technological means, and establishing a daily communication and coordination linkage mechanism for supermarket loss prevention. At the same time, it also provides 32 specific suggestions and measures to standardize the loss prevention work of self-checkout supermarkets. "For example, in order to better fix the relevant evidence of self-service settlement disputes, we suggest that Shangchao enterprises record and transmit customer checkout video information in the self-service cashier area according to law. The video storage time of shops is not less than one month, and the video storage time of large supermarkets is not less than three months." Liu Zhe, deputy director of the First Procuratorial Department of the Beijing Municipal Procuratorate, said, "These specific suggestions and measures come from the whole city in the past three years &lsquo; Supermarket thief &rsquo; The experience in handling such cases, as well as the management experience of the previous hospitals in handling and issuing procuratorial suggestions on individual cases, are closer to the practice of self-checkout operation of Shangchao. "

　　sound

　　Supermarket managers: New prevention technologies are being popularized.

　　Mr. Sun, a manager of a large supermarket chain in Beijing, told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that at present, almost all the stores in the supermarket have introduced self-checkout equipment, which saves the labor of the supermarket, shortens the queuing time of customers and reduces the gathering of people. However, there are indeed a few people who commit theft in order to take advantage of small things.

　　Mr. Sun said that in general, the staff of the supermarket will be on duty in the self-checkout equipment area, which is mainly responsible for providing guidance to the elderly and other people who are not familiar with the self-checkout machine. They will also pay attention to which customers have missed the checkout goods and remind them at any time. "A person on duty may be responsible for five or six checkout machines at the same time, and there will be situations that cannot be taken care of." To this end, the mall will also take some technical means to assist in processing. Some problems are often not discovered until the inventory, which is also the reason why some thieves were discovered after they succeeded in stealing many times.

　　Mr. Sun said that there are some new technologies that can ensure that merchants can be reminded at the first time after the "supermarket theft" happens. "New technologies are the future direction and will continue to be popularized in the future."

　　Procuratorial organ: recording special programs to show up

　　A related person from the Beijing Procuratorate said that in order to improve the loss prevention work of the self-checkout system of Shangchao enterprises, the procuratorate participated in the recording of the relevant TV program "Supermarket Theft", combined with the experience of handling cases, conveyed the concept of the rule of law, and enhanced the people’s awareness of knowing the law, understanding the law, abiding by the law and usage.

　　At the same time, the procuratorial organs will take the "punishment" and "governance" of "supermarket theft" as a small incision to promote the construction of misdemeanor governance system and refined management system of megacities, and will promote the construction of big data model and light application of ordinary crime prosecution and misdemeanor prosecution as a whole, providing data support for tracking and paying attention to the changes of procuratorial business data indicators before and after the crime of "supermarket theft" governance, and promoting the overall improvement of traceability governance efficiency.

　　Legal person: petty theft or criminal responsibility.

　　Han Xiao, a lawyer of Beijing Kangda Law Firm, also told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that the self-checkout machine relies on the integrity of all aspects of society. Consumers should fulfill the principle of good faith when self-checkout and consciously scan the code to pay. Taking away the goods without scanning the code is legally a theft, and it will be criminally responsible for stealing for greed and cheapness.

　　This group/reporter Qu Chang

　　Moral education curriculum is the most important carrier of moral education in primary schools. Reviewing the changes of moral education curriculum in primary schools since the founding of New China 70 years ago, and summarizing the experience of moral education curriculum construction will help to better implement the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue and cultivate socialist builders and successors.

　　Four stages of the development of moral education curriculum in primary schools and their characteristics of the times

　　Before the reform and opening up &mdash; &mdash;

　　There is no unified moral education curriculum.

　　In March, 1952, the Ministry of Education promulgated the Provisional Regulations for Primary Schools (Draft), pointing out that primary education should "give children a comprehensive basic education", in which the purpose of moral education is to make children have good qualities such as patriotism, national morality, honesty, courage, unity, mutual assistance and discipline, and the main content is the "five loves" education of loving the motherland, people, labor, science and public property. In 1953, the State Council issued the Instruction on Rectifying and Improving Primary School Education, and primary school moral education began to emphasize the education of daily behavior norms. The first primary code, published in 1955, put forward specific requirements for the daily behavior norms of primary school students. Generally speaking, from the founding of New China to 1956, moral education in primary schools focused on the cultivation of moral quality and behavior habits, which was more in line with children’s characteristics. However, with the expansion of the "anti-Rightist" struggle in 1957, this situation has undergone great changes.

　　In April 1958, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a national conference on education. The meeting pointed out that education is a tool of class struggle and should serve politics and production. In September of the same year, the Instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Education clearly stated that "the Party’s educational policy is that education serves the politics of the proletariat and combines education with productive labor". Since then, moral education courses have shifted from paying attention to moral education to political education. Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places took the lead in setting up political courses in primary schools, and then gradually expanded to most parts of the country. At the same time, the Ministry of Education requires primary schools to add a class meeting every week to educate students on current affairs and politics, and the political tendency of moral education in primary schools begins. During the ten-year "Cultural Revolution" that began in 1966, the normal school education order was destroyed and school moral education was completely politicized.

　　Reform and opening up to the end of the 20th century &mdash; &mdash;

　　From political lessons to ideological and moral lessons

　　Before the reform and opening up, there was no unified national curriculum for moral education in primary schools. In 1978, the Ministry of Education promulgated the "Trial Draft of Full-time Ten-year Primary and Secondary School Teaching Plan", which stipulated that politics classes should be offered in the fourth and fifth grades of primary schools, with two class hours per week, mainly to carry out preliminary communist ideological education and necessary political knowledge education. The unified political course has not changed the political tendency of moral education in primary schools, but it was abolished in 1981, so it can be regarded as a transition. However, it is the first time in New China to explicitly set up a political course in the teaching plan, which is of great institutional significance for moral education to get on the right track.

　　From April 22 to May 7, 1979, the Ministry of Education held a national symposium on ideological and political education in primary and secondary schools. After the symposium, the Minutes of the National Symposium on Ideological and Political Education in Primary and Secondary Schools were issued, which criticized the formalism and adult practices in moral education and pointed out that "the ideological and political work of primary and secondary school students must proceed from reality, pay attention to the age characteristics of teenagers, be targeted and stress practical results". This has played a positive role in correcting the politicization and adult tendency of primary school political lessons. In March 1981, the Ministry of Education promulgated the "Full-time Five-year Primary School Teaching Plan (Revised Draft)". In the "Explanation on Revising the Teaching Plan of Full-time Five-year Primary School", it is pointed out in particular: "At present, the political lessons in the fourth and fifth grades are divorced from the students’ ideological reality, and the effect is not good. According to the spirit of adhering to the Four Cardinal Principles and strengthening ideological education for young people, the current political class will be changed into an ideological and moral class, with one class hour per week for grades one to five. " From the primary school political lesson in 1978 to the primary school ideological and moral lesson in 1981, this important change has effectively corrected the tendency of politicization and adulthood of primary school moral education, and turned primary school moral education into cultivating students’ moral quality.

　　In 1982, the Ministry of Education promulgated the "Teaching Outline of Ideological and Moral Courses for Full-time Five-year Primary Schools (Trial Draft)", stating that the purpose of ideological and moral courses for primary school students is to "make primary school students initially have communist moral quality and good behavior habits, and aspire to be workers with ideals, morality, culture and discipline, so as to lay an ideological foundation for training them to be successors of the proletarian cause". Around this goal, the ideological and moral course takes "five loves" (love the motherland, love the people, love labor, love science and love socialism) as its basic content, and combines with the implementation of primary code to educate primary school students on the moral quality and behavior norms that citizens in socialist countries should have, and strives to arrange the teaching content reasonably according to the age characteristics of primary school students. This is the first time that New China has systematically and scientifically constructed the content system of moral education courses in primary schools. Later, according to the requirements of social development and the needs of the situation, the syllabus of ideological and moral course in primary schools (1986), the syllabus of ideological and moral course in full-time primary schools with nine-year compulsory education (preliminary draft) (1990) and the syllabus of ideological and moral course in full-time primary schools with nine-year compulsory education (for trial implementation) (1992) were promulgated successively. Through the continuous revision of the syllabus, the content of ideological and moral course is more in line with the age characteristics of primary school students, and it is more moral enlightenment and life-oriented for primary school students.

　　In 1994, "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Strengthening and Improving Moral Education in Schools" was promulgated, pointing out that the moral education system in schools should be planned as a whole. To implement this opinion, in 1997, the State Education Commission issued "Curriculum Standards for Ideological and Moral Courses in Primary Schools and Junior High Schools in Nine-year Compulsory Education (Trial)", which is the first time to replace the syllabus with curriculum standards, and to determine the teaching objectives and requirements of moral education courses in primary schools and junior high schools as a whole, plan the teaching content system of ideological and moral courses in primary schools and junior high schools, and complete the task of integrating ideological and moral courses in primary schools with junior high schools.

　　Compared with the previous syllabus, the curriculum standard of primary school ideological and moral course in 1997 emphasized the cultivation of good moral quality and civilized behavior habits, and highlighted the foundation and extensiveness of moral education. In the form, it emphasizes the hierarchy, stage, continuity, step by step and spiral rise of teaching.

　　New Curriculum Reform in the 21st Century &mdash; &mdash;

　　Offering courses on morality and life, morality and society in stages.

　　In 2000, the general offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving Moral Education in Primary and Secondary Schools to Adapt to the New Situation, proposing that we should proceed from reality, thoroughly study the current ideological and moral characteristics of students, revise the curriculum standards of ideological and moral courses in primary schools and ideological and political courses in middle schools, further reform and improve the teaching content, and strive to build a moral education curriculum system in primary and secondary schools to meet the needs of development in the 21st century. According to this opinion, the Ministry of Education made necessary revisions to the curriculum standards of ideological and moral education in 1997, and in 2001, it promulgated the Curriculum Standards of Ideological and Moral Education in Primary Schools and Ideological and Political Education in Junior High Schools for Nine-year Compulsory Education (Revised). However, with the start of the new curriculum reform in 2001, the ideological and moral course has been changed into moral and life, moral and society, with new curriculum standards. In 2001, the curriculum standards of ideological and moral education in primary schools only played a transitional role.

　　In June 2001, the Ministry of Education promulgated the Outline of Basic Education Curriculum Reform (Trial). The "Outline" proposes "to set up a nine-year compulsory education curriculum as a whole". In primary school, comprehensive courses are the main courses, and morality and life are offered in lower grades, while morality and society are offered in middle and high grades. In 2002, the Ministry of Education officially promulgated the Curriculum Standards of Morality and Life in Full-time Compulsory Education (experimental draft) and the Curriculum Standards of Morality and Society in Full-time Compulsory Education (experimental draft).

　　From ideological and moral course to moral and life, moral and society, these two course standards and ideological and moral course standards have changed greatly in course nature and design ideas. The changed course name emphasizes activity and comprehensiveness more, which is more suitable for the characteristics of primary school students in low and middle grades. Moral and life curriculum is connected with kindergarten curriculum, which is an active comprehensive curriculum based on children’s life and aimed at cultivating children with good moral character, willingness to explore and love life. It is designed according to three axes: children and self, children and society, and children and nature. Morality and Society course is a comprehensive course based on children’s social life and promoting students’ good moral character formation and social development. It focuses on children’s social life, from individual, family, school to community, hometown, motherland and the world, and forms six modules, such as "I am growing", "I am with my family", "I am with my school", "I am Chinese" and "approaching the world". In 2011, the state promulgated the curriculum standards of Morality and Life, Morality and Society (2011 edition), which kept pace with the times in content and reflected the requirements of the times. At this stage, the management of teaching materials is "one syllabus and many books", which is examined and approved by the textbook review Committee of primary and secondary schools of the Ministry of Education.Multiple sets of teaching materials are selected for use at the same time.

　　Entering a new era &mdash; &mdash;

　　Use the unified textbook "Morality and Rule of Law"

　　On October 23, 2014, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee adopted the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Advancing the Rule of Law, which proposed that the rule of law education should be integrated into the national education system, and the rule of law knowledge courses should be set up in primary and secondary schools. To implement this Decision, in June, 2016, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Justice and the National Law Popularization Office jointly issued the Outline of Youth’s Legal Education, requiring timely and corresponding revision of moral education curriculum standards in primary and secondary schools to complete the teaching content required by the outline. Starting from the fall semester of 2016, the state has changed Morality and Life, Morality and Society in primary schools and Ideology and Morality in junior high schools into Morality and Rule of Law, and set up special books on the rule of law in the second volume of grade six and the first volume of grade eight.

　　On the one hand, the compilation of the textbook Morality and Rule of Law for primary schools is based on the curriculum standards of Morality and Life, Morality and Society and the Outline of Education for Teenagers under the Rule of Law; on the other hand, it is based on the fundamental task of cultivating people in the new era, highlighting the guidance of socialist core values, and strengthening the education of Chinese excellent traditional culture, revolutionary culture, rule of law, national sovereignty awareness and national unity. "Morality and Rule of Law" is compiled by the Ministry of Education, with "one syllabus and one book", reviewed by the National Textbook Committee and used nationwide. Since 2017, the unified textbooks have been used in the first and seventh grades, in the second and eighth grades in 2018, and in the autumn of 2019, all grades will be fully covered. In January 2019, the Ministry of Education initiated the revision of the curriculum standards for compulsory education, and the curriculum standards for Morality and Rule of Law are currently being formulated.

　　Future-oriented,Constructing the overall moral education curriculum suitable for children

　　Since the founding of New China 70 years ago, moral education courses in primary schools have grown from scratch, from political lessons to ideological and moral lessons, from ideological and moral lessons to morality and life, morality and society, and then to morality and rule of law in the new era. The course has both a changing side and a constant side. What remains unchanged is the initial intention of moral education curriculum &mdash; &mdash; To cultivate all-round socialist builders and successors, the contents and organizational forms of moral education have changed, such as from a single political education to paying attention to moral education and then to both morality and law, from instilling political dogma to constructing children’s moral life, from meeting the requirements of society to meeting the common needs of social development and individual development, from "one program with many books", choosing to use one program with one book, and using it in a unified way.

　　Looking forward to the new era, the development of moral education curriculum in primary schools should achieve four points: first, put the moral education curriculum in primary schools into the overall framework of "the integration of moral education in colleges, middle schools and primary schools" and design the moral education curriculum in primary schools step by step and spirally. Second, take children as the center, construct children’s moral life, including children’s communication life with themselves, others, society, country and the world, transcend individuals and realize the integration of individuals and society. Third, construct the content system of "Great Moral Education" course. Moral education is not only a political course, but also an ideological and moral course. It is a "grand moral education" that includes ideological and political education, moral education, rule of law education, psychological education and traditional culture education. The content of moral education not only has a stable side, but also keeps pace with the times and embodies the times. Fourth, highlight the national will of moral education curriculum. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Ideological and political course is the key course to implement the fundamental task of Lide Shuren." In the new era, we must adhere to the Party’s overall leadership over the construction of ideological and political courses, make unremitting efforts to cultivate people with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, the supreme leader of the new era, strive to cultivate new people of the times who are responsible for national rejuvenation, and cultivate socialist builders and successors who are fully developed morally, intellectually, physically and artistically.

　　(The author is distinguished professor, director of the Institute of Moral Education of Nanjing Normal University and Changjiang Scholar of the Ministry of Education)